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INX-3 detected during very early stages of development is likely to be maternally derived, since INX-3::GFP expressed zygotically is first detected by anti-GFP antibodies at approximately the 28-cell stage. |
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Expr2546
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At the late first larval (L1) stage, INX-3 is present transiently in some newly generated cells. The postembryonic motor neurons, descendants of the Pn.a cells, express INX-3 briefly. INX-3 is also detected briefly in cells of the first two divisions of the M blast cell, coelomocytes, and sex muscles. By the comma stage, corresponding to early embryonic morphogenesis, INX-3 is still broadly expressed, but the pattern of expression becomes more restricted as morphogenesis proceeds. Because INX-3 is localized principally in puncta at plasma membranes, it is hard to assign expression unambiguously to individual cells; however, expression in major cell types or organs is clear. Double-labeling embryos with anti-INX-3 and MH27, a mAb that binds AJM-1 in apical epithelial intercellular junctions, indicated that, at the comma stage, INX-3 is localized to the developing intestine, pharynx, and hypodermis (epidermis), at minimum. During late morphogenesis, from the 3-fold stage until hatching, INX-3 is found principally in the posterior pharynx (isthmus and terminal bulb), at the anteriormost tip of the pharynx, in the region of the posterior intestine (probably intestinal muscles or rectal cells) and in the hypodermis. Expression in these tissues continues throughout development into adulthood with the exception of the hypodermis. Hypodermal expression is strong at the time of hatching, and INX-3 is present in plaques at the intercellular boundaries between most hypodermal cells except at the ventral midline between paired P cells; however, INX-3 becomes undetectable in the hypodermis shortly after hatching. INX-3 protein is first detected at the embryonic 2-cell stage. It is localized to small plaques at cellcell interfaces and can be detected throughout early embryogenesis in a pattern suggesting that most or all cells express inx-3. In adults, INX-3 is reduced such that only a few plaques are associated with vulval muscles. In the late L3 stage, INX-3 expression begins in the sex myoblasts (SMs). Expression continues in SM descendants so that all 16 sex muscles stain with anti-INX-3 in early L4 animals, confirming results obtained with an inx-3::gfp translational fusion gene. |
At embryonic 2-cell stage, localized to small plaques at cellcell interfaces. At the late first larval (L1) stage, INX-3 is present transiently in some newly generated cells, and in cells of the first two divisions of the M blast cell, coelomocytes, and sex muscles. INX-3 is readily detectable in the cytoplasm of these cells, as well as in cell-surface plaques. By the comma stage, INX-3 is localized principally in puncta at plasma membranes. At comma stage, within intestinal cells, whose large size allows easy visualization of subcellular location, INX-3 is localized to the basal portion of lateral membranes. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr689
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let-60 ras::lacZ. The Vulval lineage: First detected in L3 larvae (before vulval induction). Faint staining observed in P3.p-P8.p. Staining becomes stronger as VPCs begin dividing and fusion protein is expressed through adulthood. Faint staining observed in hyp7. Strong staining in vulA, vulB, vulC, vulD, vulE and vulF. Myoblast lineage: L1 (shortly after division of M) - Staining detected in M.d and M.v. Late L1, faint staining in progeny of M.v (body muscle) including SM (progeny of M.d (body muscle) ceases staining). L3: 8 progeny of SM (vulval muscle) stain before and after differentiation in muscle cells. Gonadal lineage: At hatching Z1 and Z4 gonadal cells stain. Progeny Z1 and Z4 that form distal tip cells (dtcs) and dtcs stain throughout larval development-adulthood. L4: Anchor cells (ac) of somatic gonad stains transiently at apex of invaginating vulva and continues until late L4 when ac nucleus fuses with uterine tissue. L4-adult expression (but not lacZ) Intense gfp near germline nuclei along border of distal arm of the gonad and in some places extended into the rachis. Muscle: L1-adult: All body wall muscle cells stain. Pharyngeal muscle pmp3-8 begin staining in L1 and continue until adulthood. Hypodermis: Begin staining in L2-3 larvae but consistent staining does not occur until the L4 stage and continues until adulthood. Hypodermal cells staining include V and H lineage-derived seam cells and V and H derived lateral hypodermal cells. Ventral hypodermal cells derived from P lineage also stain weakly but consistently in the adult. Intestine: Intestinal cells of late L1 larvae stain briefly during their terminal division. No staining after L2. Nervous system and excretory cells: extensive staining but not entirely at hatching throughout development. Beginning L1 - adulthood: Many ventral cord neurons stain positively identified include FLPL,R AVKL,R and either AIMR or AIYR based on co-staining with an anti-FMRF amide and an anti-galactosidase antibody. Nucleus of excretory cell stains in L1 to adulthood. |
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Picture: Figure 4G to 4R. |
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Expr8279
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FOZI-1 expression in the M lineage was first detectable in the nuclei of M.d and M.v at the 2-M stage (in 43% of the animals stained, n=21). This expression persisted through the next three rounds of cell divisions, such that all animals (n>50) at the 4-M through to the 16-M stage showed FOZI-1 expression in the M lineage. At the 16-M stage, two cells on the ventral side (M.vlpa and M.vrpa) divide one more time to produce two SMs and two BWM precursors and reach the 18-M stage. At the 18-M stage, FOZI-1 was still detectable in the undifferentiated BWMs and CCs, but not in the SMs (n=22). This expression of FOZI-1 at the 18-M stage appeared transiently and quickly became undetectable in the differentiated BWMs and CCs. FOZI-1 expression was not detected in the SM lineage. |
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CeTwist means hlh-8 here. See Expr607 for the pattern of the same locus. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr606
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Immuno fluorescence staining with antisera to ceTwist indicated similar expression pattern to reporter fusion. CeTwist first detected in L1 in defecation-associated muscles and in small number of neuron-like cells in the head. In later larvae, CeTwist was detected in SMs and their descendants. Expression in M and its descendants prior to to the SM stage was detected with reporter fusion but not with antibody. Expression in mature coelomocytes was also only detected with reporter fusions. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr607
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3-fold embryo staining first detected in M blast cell after it had finished its posterior migration. hlh-8::gfp detected after hatching in a set of rectum-associated cells that appeared to be defecation-associated muscles (this required full-length hlh-8 genomic fragment). During larval development hlh-8::gfp detected in M cell and all undifferentiated descendants of M. This expression was lost as cells differentiated into body wall or sex muscles. Expression was maintained in the two M derived coelomocytes throughout adult life. L2 expression was seen in all four non-M-derived embryonic coelomocytes. Expression was detected in embryonic coelomocytes after the birth of both postembryonic M-derived coelomocytes. Expression also observed in head cells, likely to be neuronal. hlh-8::lacZ fusion with addition 5' sequences showed reporter activity in coelomocytes. Expression in all these cells were nuclear localized both with gfp and lacZ. |
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Expr3651
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The GFP::MLS-2 fusion construct and antibody staining showed identical expression patterns. Expression of MLS-2 was first detectable in one or two cells in embryos at the 50-cell stage and is localized in the nucleus. MLS-2 continued to be expressed in proliferating cells that are primarily located at the anterior of the embryo and are presumably derived from the AB lineage. During morphogenesis, this expression became restricted to a small subset of head neuronal precursors. Expression persisted in six head neurons during postembryonic development. GFP::MLS-2 expression was also observed in unidentified cells near the vulva at the L2 and L3 stages. To characterize the M lineage expression pattern of mls-2, double-labeling experiments were performed using anti-MLS-2 antibodies and the M lineage-specific hlh-8::gfp or hlh-8::lacZ markers. mls-2 expression in the M lineage was first detectable in the M mesoblast, and was retained during the first three rounds of cell divisions, such that mls-2 expression was still detectable in eight M descendants (designated 8-M stage, n>200). However, after one more round of cell division (at the 16-M stage), no MLS-2 signal was detected either by anti-MLS-2 antibodies or by the gfp::mls-2 fusion construct. Although it is possible that a low level of MLS-2 protein is present after the 8-M stage, the loss of MLS-2 signal at the 16-M stage appears to be due to the instability of the MLS-2 protein, because the mls-2 promoter is still active in M lineage descendants after the fourth round of cell division, as detected by a transcriptional mls-2p::gfp::mls-2 3' UTR construct. Neither the mls-2 promoter activity nor the MLS-2 protein was detected in the SM lineage or the differentiated BWMs and CCs. Thus mls-2 is expressed in the proliferating cells of the early M lineage. |
Localized in the nucleus. |
