WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0004386

• Definition: Neuron class of one motor neuron, process in dorsal cord, same as Y cell in hermaphrodite, Y.a in male.
• Name: PDA
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0004386

2 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
PDA neuron in hermaphrodite.	PDA hermaphrodite	lineage name: ABprpppaaaa	WBbt:0008041
PDA neuron in male.	PDA male	lineage name: Y.a	WBbt:0008040

4 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 136_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:136_0
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 134_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:134_0
	Transcripts enriched in PDA according to single cell RNAseq.	Genes that pass the Bonferroni threshold for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05) are significantly enriched.	WBPaper00061651:PDA_enriched
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 165 expressed in: PDA.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:165

57 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr15649

• Primary Identifier: Marker37
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expressed in PDA.

• Primary Identifier: Marker36
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expressed in PDA.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15442

• Primary Identifier: Expr15558

• Primary Identifier: Expr15567

• Primary Identifier: Expr15571

• Primary Identifier: Expr15572

• Primary Identifier: Expr15573

• Primary Identifier: Expr15579

• Primary Identifier: Expr15586

• Primary Identifier: Expr15651

• Primary Identifier: Expr15652

• Primary Identifier: Expr15589

• Primary Identifier: Expr15591

• Primary Identifier: Expr15598

• Primary Identifier: Expr15604

• Primary Identifier: Expr14590
• Pattern: Embryonic expression of exc-7 was first observed at the bean stage. By reverse lineaging with use of SIMI-Biocell software, we confirm the identity of one of the expressing cells at this stage as the excretory canal cell. In L1 animals, broad expression in the head, ventral nerve cord (VNC), and tail was observed. In young adults, expression is notably observed in vulva cells. In the nervous system specifically, expression is observed in many neurons throughout the body, but unlike Drosophila Elav, exc-7::gfp it is not panneuronally expressed. We confirmed previously reported expression in cholinergic VNC MNs, but absence of GABAergic VNC MNs, consistent with previous reports (Fujita et al., 1999; Loria et al., 2003) and consistent with exc-7 functioning in cholinergic, but not GABAergic neurons to control alternative splicing (Norris et al., 2014). exc-7::gfp is also expressed in some non-neuronal cell types, including muscle and hypodermis, but not in the gut. A previous report showed that exc-7 is only transiently and weakly expressed in the excretory cell, which, based on exc-7's excretory mutant phenotype, has puzzled researchers (Fujita et al., 2003). We find that the gfp tagged exc-7 locus is strongly and continuously expressed in the excretory canal cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15608

• Primary Identifier: Expr15611

• Primary Identifier: Expr12085
• Pattern: plr-1::GFP expression became visible in late gastrulation stage embryos. Strongest expression was detected in many cells in the tail region and by comma stage the most prominent expression was seen in body wall muscle cells. In early larval stages expression was detectable in a number of different tissues including the major hypodermal cells, muscle and marginal cells of the pharynx, the intestine (strongest in the anteriormost and posteriormost cells) as well as the anal depressor and stomatointestinal muscle. In the nervous system GFP expression was visible in a few neurons in head ganglia, many ventral cord motor neurons and several neurons in the tail ganglia including the PDA neuron. Based on the lack of commissures the motor neurons are likely of the VA, VB, VC and/or AS class. Based on the number of cells the majority (or even all) of these classes express GFP. In general expression was strongest in the tail region throughout development. This also held true for the motor neurons in the ventral cord, where GFP was strongest in the posterior-most cells and barely detectable in anterior motor neurons. Expression is maintained throughout larval development. In later larval stages expression is also seen occasionally in the distal tip cell of the developing gonad, the vulva and uterine muscle cells and the VC4 and VC5 neurons flanking the vulva. Expression in AVG, HSN or CAN neurons was not detectable with this reporter construct, but was detected in a previous study in HSN and CAN using a longer genomic construct (Moffat et al., 2014, Expr11480).

• Primary Identifier: Expr10713
• Pattern: A hst-3.1 reporter displayed limited expression during early embryogenesis, but was visible in the pharynx and body wall muscle by the embryonic threefold stage. During larval and adult stages, the reporter continued to be expressed in body wall muscle, vulval muscle and the pharynx. In addition, we detected expression in at least six neurons in the head, including the NSM, RIH, RIS, and an unidentified pair of neurons as well as some select epithelial cells. No obvious expression was seen in either AIY or HSN interneurons. Additional expression is observed in the coelomocytes (cc), the distal tip cell (dtc), and rectal cells (U,F/K, B AND Y/PDA). In adults, expression is predominantly seen in body wall muscles, vulva muscles, the muscle arms, the pharynx, and the rectal epithelium.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1164
• Pattern: Transgenic animals that carry this construct show GFP expression in a variety of tissue types. GFP expression is observed in the intestine, and the posterior cells express GFP more intensely than the remaining intestinal cells. Other cells include the rectal epithelial cells, the pharynx, the somatic gonad, and vulval hypodermal cells. In addition, the IP3 receptor is expressed in hypodermal cells of the tail, rectum, and head. Pharyngeal expression is restricted to the muscles of the metacorpus, isthmus, and the anterior portion of the terminal bulb (m4, m5, and m6). This construct was only expressed in neurons LUA and PDA. GFP is expressed in the gonad sheath cells, spermatheca, spermathecal valve, and uterine sheath cells. GFP is expressed in the vulval hypodermal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2633
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: GFP was expressed in several head neurons located on the sides of the pharynx anterior bulb, around the isthmus and on the sides of the pharynx posterior bulb. Some neuronal processes were fluorescent in the ventral cord down to the tail ganglion, where several neurons expressed GFP as well as several nuclei of hypodermal cells at the tip of the tail. Histochemical staining of mutant ace-1 revealed a strong positive reaction in the nerve ring (NR), the pharyngo-intestinal valve (PIV), the tail ganglion and in the ventral nerve cord, with possibly stained motoneurons which were not labelled with GFP. Head neuron staining allowed identification of the inner labial neurons (IL). AWC and possibly AWB were identified. Cell bodies of these four chemosensory neurons were located below the nerve ring. Other head neurons cannot be identified because of the lack of clear labelling of their processes. The three muscle cells of the pharynx isthmus (pm5) were also fluorescent. In the tail region, three neurons were tentatively identified as PVC and PVQ and PDA. At the tail tip, five fluorescent nuclei of hypodermal cells (hyp 8, hyp 9, binucleated hyp 10 and hyp 11) were identified. ace-2 fluorescence was detected before hatching in the anterior part of the embryo as early as the one-fold stage. The full expression pattern of the adult was already established in L1 larvae.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2634
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: During development fluorescence was detected as early as the one-fold embryo stage, and was much more intense before hatching than for ace-1 and ace-2 at comparable embryonic stages. Although the full pattern was established as soon as the L1 stage, the fluorescence intensity decreased during development, especially in body-wall muscles, where it was often no longer detectable in adults. Only one set of body-wall muscles expressed GFP. These muscle cells were distributed dorsally in a double row. There was strong GFP expression in the pharynx at all larval stages and in adults. Staining identified 3 pm3, 3 pm4, 3 pm5 and 3 pm7 cells. pm6 were constantly negative as well as pm1, pm2 and pm8 cells. Neurons around the top of the isthmus and the base of pm5 cells were not identified. Two neurons of the preanal and lumbar ganglia were labelled and tentatively identified as PDA and PQR. In adult hermaphrodites, there was strong fluorescent staining of muscle cells of the pharynx, of a few neurons in the head and anal ganglion and in the two medial CAN cells (canal associated neurons). In routine histochemical reaction conditions, there is no staining for AChE activity corresponding to ace-3;ace-4 in double mutants ace-1;ace-2. Using higher substrate concentrations and longer incubation times, it was possible to detect weak staining (from ACE-3) in the pharynx and vulva region.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8694
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in M5, I1, I3, I6, NSM. Weak or rare expression in posterior arcades. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, ADA, ADE, ADL, AIN, AIY, ALM, AUA, AVA, AVD, AVH, AVJ, AVK, AVM, AWB, BDU, CAN, CEP, DAn, DBn, DDn, DVB, DVC, FLP, HSN, IL1, IL2, LUA, OLL, PDA, PDB, PDE, PHA, PHB, PHC, PLM, PLN, PVC, PVD, PVM, PVN, PVP, PVQ, PVR, PVT, PVW, RIB, RIC, RIF, RIP, RIS, RME, SDQ, SIA (early larva), SIB (early larva), SMB (early larva), SMD (early larva), URA, URB, VAn, VBn, VCn, VDn, M5, I1, I6, NSM. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle, HSN, VCn. In developing larva stage, expressed in HSN, VCn, and anchor cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3206
• Pattern: In addition to expression in a number of neurons (RMEL/R, RID, BDUL/R, AIYL/R, AVHL/R, AIZL/R, ALNL/R, RICL/R, RIAL/R and PDA) as has been reported previously, intense fluorescence was also observed in uterine toroid cells (ut1 and ut2).

• Primary Identifier: Expr15648

• Primary Identifier: Expr3013
• Pattern: Expressed in AVH/AVJ, BAG, PDA, PVR, SAA, SDQ, SMB. Faint or variable expression observed in BDU. Male specific expression in Rays 1, 4, 5, 7, CP9.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2454
• Pattern: kvs-1 expression was detected in more than 10 cells in the head, including the amphid neurons ADL, ASK, ASH, ADF, ASE, AWC, and ASG, in ventral cord neurons, in the motoneuron PDA in the anal depressor muscle and in sperm.

0 Life Stages

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
neuron making synapse on an effector (muscle, gland).	motor neuron	motoneuron	WBbt:0005409
neuron with cell body in the preanal ganglion.	preanal ganglion neuron	preanal ganglion neurons	WBbt:0005447