WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0005037

• Definition: Ring motor neuron/interneuron, many synapses
• Name: RMDL
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0005037
• Synonym: lineage name: ABalpppapad

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree ABalpppapad	ABalpppapad nucleus		WBbt:0002723

3 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in RMDL, RMDR, RMDDL, RMDDR, RMDVL, RMDVR according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:RMD
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 111_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:111_0
	Transcripts enriched in RMD_LR according to single cell RNAseq.	Genes that pass the Bonferroni threshold for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05) are significantly enriched.	WBPaper00061651:RMD_LR_enriched

78 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr15649

• Primary Identifier: Marker94
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Marker for RMD, SMDD, SMDV neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Marker95
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Marker for RMD, SMDD, SMDV neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15442

• Primary Identifier: Expr15571

• Primary Identifier: Expr15572

• Primary Identifier: Expr15573

• Primary Identifier: Expr15579

• Primary Identifier: Expr15586

• Primary Identifier: Expr15651

• Primary Identifier: Expr15652

• Primary Identifier: Expr15589

• Primary Identifier: Expr15591

• Primary Identifier: Expr15598

• Primary Identifier: Expr12719
• Pattern: acc-1 and acc-2 fosmid reporters show very restricted and non-overlapping expression in the adult nervous system. The acc-1 fosmid reporter is expressed in a subset of cholinergic neurons, including cholinergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord, the retrovesicular ganglion and a few head neurons (including the SMD, RMD motor neurons, the AVA and AVE command interneurons and the SAA neurons). A small number of glutamatergic neurons also express acc-1 (including the pharyngeal neurons MI and M3, the PLM neurons and an unidentified neuronal pair in the lateral ganglion).

• Primary Identifier: Expr8850
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Neuronal Expression: AVA, AVB, AVE, PVC, AIB, AUA, AVG, RIB, RIC, SAA, SIA, SIB, RIF, RIM, RMD, RME, SMD, DA, DB, VA, VB, M5, NSM, MC, I3, MI?. Non-neuronal Expression: rectal epithelium, body wall muscle, spermethecae, vulva muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15604

• Primary Identifier: Expr15608

• Primary Identifier: Expr15611

• Primary Identifier: Expr8613
• Remark: Picture: Fig 4A to D.
• Pattern: lgc-55::mCherry and lgc-55::GFP transgenic animals showed reporter expression in a subset of neck muscles and a restricted set of neurons.These neurons aare AVB, RMD, SMDD, SMDV, IL1D, IL1V, SDQ, HSN, and ALN neurons. In addition, weak lgc-55 reporter expression was also detected in the UV1 cells and tail muscle cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr249
• Pattern: AVG AVJ DVC PVC PVQ RIG RIS RMD RMEL/R SMD URY [Nature 378:82]

• Primary Identifier: Expr15371

• Primary Identifier: Expr716
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: Expression observed in most or all neurons at high levels as well as in some hypodermal and muscle cells. In most neurons, sax-3::GFP expression is transient, peaking during the period of axon outgrowth. Highest level of expression is observed in the embryo, particularly during the initial period of axon outgrowth at 350-400 min (comma-stage). At comma-stage high level of expression is observed in anterior embryo, including most developing neurons of the nerve ring and a swath of ventral cells that includes the developing motor neurons of the ventral nerve cord and posterior neurons such as PVQ. Lower level of expression is observed in the epidermal cells. 200-400 - cell stage; 200-300 min of development: Expression seen in all epidermal cells at low level. 3-fold stage; >500 min of development: Expression seen in muscles that extend from nerve ring to the anterior tip of the head. L1: Expression in motor neurons in the head including RMD, RMG, SMD, SIA and SIB neurons; projection interneurons in the head and tail, including AVA, AVB, PVC, AVD, PVQ and ALA neurons; and the sensory OLQ neuron. This neuronal expression diminishes throughout postembryonic development. During L1, expression persists in the head muscles and appears in muscles along the body wall, with ventral muscles expressing more strongly than posterior muscles. This expression continues until the adult stage. Epidermal expression was rarely seen in larval stages. L2: Expression observed in HSN motor neurons. HSN motor neurons extends a growth cone (axon from their lateral cell bodies) towards the ventral midline and expression is at its highest at this point. L3: Expression observed in the axon reaching the ventral nerve cord. L4: Expression continues in HSN, when HSN axon grows anteriorly to the head. Adult: Expression decreases in HSN at this stage after the completion of HSN axon outgrowth. In addition expression observed in motor neurons, interneurons and sensory neurons listed above also postembryonic ventral cord motorneurons, some interneurons from the tail and head, body wall and vulval muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15406

• Primary Identifier: Expr3310
• Pattern: Expression was detected first in neuronal precursor cells at the comma stage. Slightly later strong expression was found in the hypodermal cells. In newly hatched L1 larvae this construct continued to be expressed in neuronal cells in the head and tail, in cells of the ventral nerve cord and of the pharynx. During the early L1 stage hypodermal expression disappeared. The GFP-positive neurons in animals carrying pT14G10.2::GFP-II were identified as the RMDD, RMD, RMDV, SMDD, and SMDV, which are ring motoneurons. Also the more posteriorly located BDU cells and the ALN, PVR, and PVT cells in the tail expressed GFP. Analysis of synchronized worms showed that GFP is present around the time of molting, but is barely detectable during part of the intermolts or in adults. During the outgrowth of the gonadal primordium expression was seen in the distal tip cell and oviduct sheath cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8581
• Remark: Picture: Figure 2, Fig. S2BE.
• Pattern: The expression of genomic magi-1::gfp and magi-1::rfp chimeric transgenes, which contain 4 kb of upstream sequence and either the complete magi-1 ORF or only the genomic magi-1 long isoform sequences, yielded similar results The magi-1L:::gfp reporter transgene reflects the expression of the long isoform. Expression of MAGI-1L::GFP was detected in the pharynx, head neurons, ventral cord, and vulva of animals mosaic for the extrachromosomal array. Expression of MAGI-1L::RFP was also detected in the pharynx, intestine, vulval epithelia (L4 stage), and vulval muscle (adult stage) of animals mosaic for the extrachromosomal array. This antibody labeled both neurons and epithelial junctions in immunofluorescence experiments. Within the hypodermis and intestine, there was a high degree of colocalization between MAGI-1 and DLG-1. The anus and vulva also were labeled in larval and adult animals. Finally, MAGI-1 expression was observed in some neurons in the head, including a subset of the GLR-1::GFP-expressing command interneurons. MAGI-1 is expressed in the backward but not the forward command interneurons; MAGI-1 expression was not detected in any of the mechanosensory neurons. MAGI-1 was detected in the neurons AVA, AVD, and SMD, as well as RMD and RMDV.
• Subcellular Localization: Anti-MAGI-1 antibody detected MAGI-1 localization to puncta along the ventral cord; however, MAGI-1 is expressed in more neurons than just those that express GLR-1, making analysis of colocalization in the ventral cord difficult. To help restrict the analysis to the GLR-1-expressing neurons, both MAGI-1 isoforms were expressed as mRFP chimeric proteins under the glr-1 promoter; both substantially colocalized with GLR-1.

• Primary Identifier: Expr320
• Remark: Neuronal gene expression pattern from collation by Shawn Lockery of neuron-specific promotors posted 20/04/98 (http://chinook.uoregon.edu). Since cell AS is listed under 'body' in the pattern, it presumably means the AS.1-11 ventral cord neurons rather than the AS amphid neurons.[sdm-curator]
• Pattern: head: IL2 URA URB SAA SAB SIA SIB SMB SMD RMD AIY, sev more; phar: M1 M2 M5 I1f I6f, others; body: VA VB VC DA DB AS SDQ HSNf; tail: ALN PLN others [J. Duerr (personal communication to Shawn Lockery)], antibody

• Primary Identifier: Expr2267
• Remark: Since these gfp fusions lack the introns and the 3' untranslated region, they might be lacking potential regulatory sequences. In that case, the gfp expression patterns may not precisely represent those of the endogenous kin-8 gene. cam-1 is called kin-8 in this article.
• Pattern: Expressed in chemosensory neurons in amphid: ASH. Other sensory neurons: ADE, FLP. Touch receptor neurons: AVM, ALM, PVM, PLM. Amphid interneurons: AIY, AIZ. Other interneurons: RIC, RMG, RIS, DVA, AVA, AVE, PVC, AVK, PVQ. Interneurons?: ALN, BDU, SDQ. Ring motor/inter neurons: RMD, RMDV. Ring motor neurons: RMED, RMEV Five neurons out of the following six, RIV, AVH, AVB, AVJ, AVD, AIN. About seven neurons in retrovesicular ganglion. Pharyngeal muscles in procorpus and isthmus. M4 and several pharyngeal neurons. A part of intestine and a few body wall muscles near the head (weak). Distal tip cells (sometimes and weak). A few ventral motor neurons and seam cells (rarely and weak). The expression patterns did not appear to change through the larva to adult stages. Embryonic expression was also observed.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15648

• Primary Identifier: Expr13161

11 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The whole period of embryogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, from the formation of an egg until hatching.		embryo Ce	WBls:0000003
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo.		fully-elongated embryo Ce	WBls:0000021
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over.		elongating embryo Ce	WBls:0000015
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing.		enclosing embryo Ce	WBls:0000013
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 0-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 560 cells. From start of first cleavage until cleavage is over.		proliferating embryo Ce	WBls:0000004
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage.		3-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000020
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo.		1.5-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000018
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo.		comma embryo Ce	WBls:0000017
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo.		2-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000019
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage.		bean embryo Ce	WBls:0000016
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 210-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage before the fast cleavage of cells finishes.		late cleavage stage embryo Ce	WBls:0000014

5 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
neuron with its cell body situated in the head, excluding the pharynx.	head neuron		WBbt:0006751
embryonic cell	ABalpppapa		WBbt:0005930
Neuron class of six major motoneurons, which innervate muscles in the head via NMJs in the nerve ring.	RMD		WBbt:0005400
cell that exists in and is part of an embryo.	embryonic cell		WBbt:0007028
neuron type, cell body located in left lateral ganglion.	lateral ganglion left neuron		WBbt:0005102