WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0006800

• Definition: An immature sperm cell which undergoes morphogenesis to form mature, amoeboid sperm.
• Name: spermatid
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0006800

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Male haploid germ cell.	sperm	spermatozoa	WBbt:0006798

0 Expression Clusters

26 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr14606
• Pattern: Native GFP::CATP-7 is expressed closely associated with the plasma membrane of the amphid sensory neurons (localized to the sensilla), the gonadal sheath cells, the spermatheca, the hypodermis and the excretory cel. GFP::CATP-7 is expressed in most pharyngeal cells, where it localizes to the plasma membrane, plus internal membranous tubules. GFP::CATP- 7 is also expressed in the intestine, where it is associated with tubular structures in the basolateral domain and with vesicles in the apical domain immediately below the microvilli. GFP::CATP-7 is strongly expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7857
• Remark: No GO_term assigned. Picture: Fig. 5B, 5J.
• Subcellular Localization: With anti-AZ10, punctate staining was observed around the periphery of permeabilized spermatids, confirming that sperm contain FER-1. These puncta were eliminated in fer-1(hc47) mutant sperm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8679
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades, pharyngeal epithelium, pm4, pm8, g1, g2, vir, K.a/K' cells. inx-11 is more strongly expressed in the most posterior (int 9) intestinal cell. Weak or rare expression in pm1, pm2, pm3, pm5, pm6, pm7. Expression in the nervous system: CEPsh, DVC, LUA. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in utse. In developing larva stage, expressed in uterus, sperm (spermatocytes, spermatids). Expression of inx-11 appears in pharyngeal tissue around two-fold stage, and by three-fold stage, strong expression becomes restricted to g1, g2, pm4, and pm8. inx-11 is expressed in the hypodermal cells of the animal in postembryonic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8680
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in M2, rectal epithelial cells. Weak or rare expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades. Expression in the nervous system: Amsh, CEPso, ILso, OLso, PDEso, AVH (early larva), AVJ (early larva), AVK, CAN, IL1 (early larva), PDE, PVD, SIB (early larva), URB, VAn, VBn, M2. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in vulva, spermatheca, sperm(spermatocytes, spermatids). In developing larva stage, expressed in vulva. inx-12 expressionstarts in seam precursors around 1.5-fold stage, followed by expression in arcade cells by 2-fold and head neurons by 3-fold stage. inx-12 is expressed in the hypodermal cells of the animal in postembryonic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1117
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified. Similar patterns of HSP16 distribution were observed with two other polyclonal antibodies, one with greater specificity for HSP16-41 and another which cross-reacts with all four stress-inducible HSP16s. Thus the staining pattern described here reflects the distribution of the HSP16 family in general. Non-stressed animals showed little or no detectable signal.
• Pattern: HSP16-2 is ubiquitously expressed throughout most somatic tissues of larvae after heat-shock, and the intensity gradually decreased with age. HSP16 labelling is prominent in spermathecae and in the vulval region in L4 and adult hermaphrodites. The spermathecal labelling seems to consist of cytoplasmic localization of HSP16-2 in sperm, and perhaps also in the spermathecal cage cells. The prominent localization of HSP16 to intestinal cells was previously noted in transgenic animals expressing a lacZHSP16 gene fusion. Vulval expression of HSP16 was also seen in transgenic reporter experiments. In males, HSP16-2 was distributed more generally, though it was slightly concentrated in the lower testis in the region corresponding to spermatids, and in tail structures. The latter expression pattern was also seen with transgenic reporter constructs.
• Subcellular Localization: Counterstaining with DAPI revealed HSP16 localized in discrete regions within the cytoplasm of intestinal cells, characterized by their large nuclei. Concentrations of HSP16-2 occur along the luminal border of these cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16475
• Pattern: spe-36 is expressed only in the germline. In spermatids, SPE-36 localizes to the membranous organelles (MOs) as confirmed by co-localization with wheat germ agglutinin. In activated spermatozoa SPE-36 is present in the cell body and on the pseudopod.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11465
• Remark: Temporal description
• Pattern: CSR-1 is abundant in mature sperm. CSR-1 was associated with P-granules throughout the syncytial male germline and into differentiating spermatocytes, where P-granules disperse and disappear. In developing gametes, CSR-1 localized to large cytoplasmic foci and in discrete chromatin domains of spermatocytes undergoing nuclear condensationas well as in haploid spermatids.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3285
• Remark: The specificity of antisera was confirmed in three independent ways. (1) Fixed and permeabilized wild-type spermatids failed to stain when the antisera was pre-incubated with competing peptide. (2) Fixed and permeabilized spe-38(eb44) sperm failed to stain. (3) A western blot of wild-type and spe-38(eb44) males revealed a protein of the expected molecular weight in the wild type but not in the mutant sample.
• Pattern: Expressed in sperm and spermatids.
• Subcellular Localization: SPE-38 appears to be enriched in large structures near the cell cortex. Identical results were obtained with paraformaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized spermatids.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1116
• Pattern: immunohistochemistry shows that L1 larvae have high HSP12 levels throughout the body. Although overall levels of HSP12s are much lower in L4 larvae and in adult hermaphrodites, these smHSPs are locally abundant in the spermatheca and in specific vulval cells under unstressed conditions. In the spermatheca of hermaphrodites, HSP12s are localized in sperm. At higher magnification, the distribution of HSP12 cytoplasmic staining in sperm cells is seen to be spherically symmetrical. In males, spermatids are stored in the seminal vesicle, and most sperm cells mature following ejaculation; the extensive labelling of HSP12 in male germ cells therefore indicates localization of this smHSP to spermatids and perhaps spermatocytes. Cells in the mitotic region of the male gonad, however, are not labelled. In hermaphrodites, HSP12s are also expressed in a subset of vulval muscle cells (A9A12). The specificity of the antibody for HSP12s is demonstrated by the loss of signal when the antibody is pre-incubated with excess recombinant HSP12.3.
• Subcellular Localization: At higher magnification, the distribution of HSP12 cytoplasmic staining in sperm cells is seen to be spherically symmetrical.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9972
• Subcellular Localization: The localization of TRP-3/SPE-41 is initially confined to the membranous organelles in wild type spermatids. As the spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa, TRP-3/SPE-41 localizes to the cell surface.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9701
• Subcellular Localization: CED-4 appears to colocalize with mitochondria and CED-9 in secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. This CED-4 localization in spermatocytes and spermatids was observed with two independent CED-4 antibodies and by staining for CED-4::GFP.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14618
• Subcellular Localization: CATP-6::mKate2 is also associated with the plasma membrane of diakinesis-stage oocytes. We also detect a weak cytoplasmic signal for CATP-6::mKate2 in spermatids.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3829
• Pattern: GFP::FEM-3 was observed in the spermatids of both adult males and hermaphrodites.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14710
• Pattern: UX993 sperm nuclei were brighter than those of its parent strains. UX993 spermatid nuclei exhibited higher total intensities when observed in vitro.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1322
• Remark: No detailed description on cellular expression patterns.
• Subcellular Localization: membrane of spermatids.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16180
• Pattern: comp-1 expression was visible in developing spermatocytes and spermatids in both males and hermaphrodites, and we observed no obvious differences in abundance between the two sexes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11862
• Remark: Temporal description
• Subcellular Localization: In spermatids, the majority of SNF-10 is present in the plasma membrane, but the authors cannot exclude the possibility that at least a portion may localize to membranous organelles as well. In activated spermatozoa, SNF-10::mCh became restricted to the cell body region of the plasma membrane and was absent from the pseudopod. In secondary spermatocytes and immature spermatids, the majority of SNF-10 was localized to the cell cortex as at later stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13699
• Pattern: Crem-MSS-1::HA expression was first detected in large vesicles and on the plasma membrane of spermatocytes, with intensity increasing and localization restricted to secretory vesicles in mature spermatids. The secretory vesicles of nematode sperm, known as membranous organelles (MOs), fuse with the plasma membrane upon ejaculation and sperm activation.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12949
• Pattern: MSP-3 proteins began to be accumulated in later spermatogenesis, including spermatid and mature sperm in male germlines.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2674
• Pattern: In a wild-type spermatocyte, 1CB4 staining is observed in the budding spermatids. In wild-type spermatids, MOs are localized in the periphery of the cytoplasm. Protein_Description: 1CB4 antigen.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3127
• Subcellular Localization: SPE-9 is concentrated in spikes during spermiogenesis and pseudopods in mature sperm. SPE-9 is segregated to spermatids where, depending on the plane of focus, a ring of staining was seen. In addition to the identical staining patterns observed with the EX and C antisera, sperm isolated from worms carrying a null allele of spe-9 was stained to further validate specificity. spe-9(eb19) animals produce spermatids that show no immunoreactivity to both the EX and C sera. The SPE-9 staining pattern is very different from staining patterns seen with sera that stain internal sperm structures. Spermatids were also labeled with the monoclonal antibody 1CB4. The epitope recognized by 1CB4 has been shown to reside on membranous organelles (MOs). MOs are located in the cytoplasm close to the plasma membrane. This MO vesicle-staining pattern is distinct from SPE-9 staining.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15152
• Pattern: GIPC-1 and GIPC-2 both accumulated at the constriction region between spermatids and the residual bodies, while only faint signals were detected at the spermatid poles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15153
• Pattern: GIPC-1 and GIPC-2 both accumulated at the constriction region between spermatids and the residual bodies, while only faint signals were detected at the spermatid poles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3775
• Subcellular Localization: Immunofluorescence was used to examine spermatocytes and spermatids from both (wild-type-like) him-8 control and him-8; spe-10(ok1149) male worms. Sperm were stained with both the 1CB4 mouse monoclonal antibody, which specifically recognizes FB-MOs in sperm, and the 577-1 SPE-10 antiserum. The control him-8 sperm have an anti-SPE-10 immunofluorescent signal that localizes specifically to budding and budded spermatids. This punctate signal was remarkably similar to that observed for the 1CB4 antibody and the two signals largely, although not completely, overlapped. In contrast, him-8 spe-10(ok1149) sperm contained the antigen recognized by 1CB4, but did not have a specific signal when stained with SPE-10 antiserum. Therefore SPE-10 mostly localizes within FB-MOs during spermatid formation.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10591
• Pattern: Wild-type male germ cells expressed CED-4 late in spermatogenesis during the transition from secondary spermatocyte to mature spermatids, consistent with observations in fly and mouse testes (Cagan, 2003).

• Primary Identifier: Expr3091
• Pattern: Expressed in sperm and spermatids.
• Subcellular Localization: Mutant SPE-9 localization was indistinguishable from wild-type. The results were identical for hc52 and hc88. In spermatids, SPE-9 is located at or near the cell surface and has some incidental overlap with 1CB4 staining that marks sperm membranous organelles (MOs) in the cytoplasm. After sperm activation (spermiogenesis), SPE-9 appears concentrated on the pseudopod while 1CB4 staining remains restricted to the cell body.

0 Life Stages

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
a cell, of either sex, directly concerned in the production of a new organism.	germ cell		WBbt:0006796
A haploid immature germ cell which forms in the gonad by the division of a diploid primary spermatocyte. It undergoes a second meiotic division to complete meiosis, at which time the daughter cells detach from the residual body to become spermatids.	secondary spermatocyte		WBbt:0008592