WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0004781

• Definition: Set of six cells that form a thin cylindrical sheet between pharynx and ring neuropile; no chemical synapses, but gap junctions with muscle arms and RME motor neurons
• Name: GLRVR
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0004781
• Synonym: lineage name: MSppaaaav

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree MSppaaaav	MSppaaaav nucleus		WBbt:0002039

1 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in GLRL, GLRR, GLRDL, GLRDR, GLRVL, GLRVR according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:GLR

13 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr9142
• Remark: Expression in each of these tissues is driven by separate cis-acting elements in the promoter region. Picture: Fig. 3A to 3F.
• Pattern: Observation of the fluorescent reporter Venus fused to the nep-2 promoter suggested that nep-2 is mainly expressed in muscles, glia-like cells (GLRs), and several classes of neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8844
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Neuronal Expression: ASI, ASJ, AVB, AVE, PVC, AIB, AIN, DA, DB, M2, NSM. Non-neuronal Expression: pharynx, GLR cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr518
• Remark: Reporter construct derived from clones that rescue emb-9 phenotype. Transgenic Marker: rol-6(su1006). late embryo(author) = fully-elongated embryo(curator).
• Pattern: Body wall muscle cells, hmc and MS.pppaaa show expression in early embryo. In later embryo through adulthood, stain accumulates between the hypodermis and four body muscle quadrants, and surrounds the pharynx, intestine and primordial gonad at L1 through adulthood. Presumptive GLRDL, GLRDR, GLRL, GLRR, GLRVL, GLRVR, coelomocytes, and anal muscles show expression in addition to body muscle cells at L1, L2, L3 L4 and adult. Distal tip cells of developing gonad in L2, L3, and L4. Spermathecal cells and distal ends of gonad show expression at L4 and adult. Vulval and uterine muscles in adult. Also expressed in two to four posterior intestinal cells.
• Subcellular Localization: Preceding lima stage, intracellular. Later, extracellular around muscle quadrant-hypodermis interface, pharynx, intestine and gonad. Gonad and muscle stain intracellularly, pharynx and hypodermis do not. Four antibodies to type IV collagen gave same expression pattern.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8843
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Neuronal Expression: ASI, ASJ, AVB, AVE, PVC, AIB, AIN, DA, DB, M2, NSM. Non-neuronal Expression: Gut (embryo), GLR cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15334

• Primary Identifier: Expr13159

• Primary Identifier: Expr8997
• Remark: Picture: Fig 4B.
• Pattern: Expression of this reporter transgene was observed in head muscles and in the glia-like GLR cells, which are connected to the head muscles by gap junctions, and weaker expression was seen in many unidentified head neurons. Strong expression was seen in the ALM and AVM mechanosensory neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13160

• Primary Identifier: Expr3679
• Pattern: Expression was most dramatic in the anterior and posterior two to four intestinal cells, head and tail body-wall muscles, and in the hypodermal syncytium. Intestinal expression is detected in late embryogenesis and gradually decreases in anterior intestinal cells until it is not detectable in adults, but it persists in the posterior intestinal cells well into adulthood. Hypodermal, and head and tail body-wall muscle, expression is also detected late in embryogenesis and persists into adulthood. In the hermaphrodite gonad, expression is seen in the spermatheca, starting in young adult hermaphrodites and remaining strong in older adults. Rare expression is also detected in three to five unidentified neurons in the nerve ring.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8338
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 3a.
• Pattern: Strong and consistent expression was observed in HSN motor neurons and in GLR cells, glia-like cells in the head. Weaker staining of the DVA tail interneuron was consistently observed and staining of the lateral interneurons SDQL and SDQR was occasionally observed.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8563
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 4C-4F.
• Pattern: Transcriptional reporters for mig-6 revealed expression in DTCs, body wall muscles, CAN neurons, head mesodermal cells, GLR cells and coelomocytes. MIG-6S localizes to embryonic muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3994
• Pattern: All reporters show qualitatively similar expression patterns. In transgenic embryos, gfp expression is detected in the developing gut by the comma stage and up to the 2-fold stage. By the late 3-fold stage of embryogenesis, dig-1 reporter constructs become strongly expressed in mesodermal cells. In larvae of all stages and adults, dig-1 reporter genes remain strongly expressed in mesodermal cells, including body wall, head, vulval, uterine, pharyngeal muscles, and in enteric and anal depressor muscles. Additional mesodermal cells expressing the dig-1 reporter construct include support cells in the head (GLR cells), the head mesodermal cell, coelomocytes and sex myoblasts. Expression could also be observed in the hypodermis. No expression could be observed in the nervous system.

• Primary Identifier: Expr519
• Remark: Essentially same pattern as seen for emb-9 (see Expression Pattern 518). Reporter construct derived from clone that rescues let-2. Transgenic Marker: rol-6(su1006). A transcriptional lacZ fusion construct with more 5' upstream sequences showed little activity.
• Pattern: Body wall muscle at embryo. Presumptive GLRDL, GLRDR, GLRL, GLRR, GLRVL, GLRVR, coelomocytes, and anal muscles show expression in addition to body muscle cells at L1, L2, L3 L4 and adult. Distal tip cells of developing gonad in L2, L3, and L4. Spermathecal cells and distal ends of gonad show expression at L4 and adult. Vulval and uterine muscles in adult.

8 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The whole period of embryogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, from the formation of an egg until hatching.		embryo Ce	WBls:0000003
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo.		fully-elongated embryo Ce	WBls:0000021
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over.		elongating embryo Ce	WBls:0000015
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage.		3-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000020
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo.		1.5-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000018
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo.		comma embryo Ce	WBls:0000017
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo.		2-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000019
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage.		bean embryo Ce	WBls:0000016

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
set of six cells that form a thin cylindrical sheet between pharynx and ring neuropile; no chemical synapses, but gap junctions with muscle arms and RME motor neurons, might be glial cells	GLR	anomalous_pharynx_cells (TreeNode)	WBbt:0005176
embryonic cell	MSppaaaa		WBbt:0006124