WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0006816

• Definition: neuron type, neurons that have ciliated nerve endings.
• Name: ciliated neuron
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0006816

19 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Neuron class of one sensory neuron, basal body, not part of a sensillum, projects into preanal gangion.	PQR	lineage name: QL.ap	WBbt:0004096
neuron of phasmid sensillum	phasmid neuron		WBbt:0006753
neuron of the amphid sensillum	amphid neuron	amphid sensory neuron	WBbt:0005394
Neuron class of one asymmetric interneuron, projects along ventral cord to ring, sends process into tail spike.	PVR	lineage name: Caappv	WBbt:0004072
neuron type, member of a set of 12 neurons of the inner labial sensilla.	inner labial neuron	IL neuron	WBbt:0005117
neuron in the male ray.	ray neuron		WBbt:0006971
Neuron class of one sensory neuron, basal body; not part of a sensillum, projects into ring.	AQR	lineage name: QR.ap	WBbt:0003927
neuron type, set of six neurons in the outer labial sensillum.	outer labial neuron	OL neuron	WBbt:0006801
Hook sensory neurons.	HO neuron		WBbt:0005177
Neuron class of four male-specific neurons associated with cephalic sensilla.	CEM		WBbt:0005246
Neuron class of two neurons, which have ciliated endings situated immediately dorsal to the lateral inner labial sensilla in the head but have no associated sheath or socket cells; they have flattened processes in this region of the cilium.	FLP		WBbt:0006828
Neuron class of two neurons with cell bodies that are situated sub-dorsally in the pseudocoelomic cavity just posterior to the ring neuropile.	URX		WBbt:0006846
A neuron belonging to a class of 2 bilateral, cholinergic, peptidergic, male-specific, ciliated neurons generated by transdifferentiation from a male PHso1 glial cell in the late L4 larval stage of a male C. elegans animal.	PHD	Phasmid D neuron	WBbt:0008630
Neuron class of four neurons associated with cephalic sensilla.	CEP		WBbt:0005244
neuron of anterior and post- deirid sensillum.	deirid neuron		WBbt:0006928
Neuron class of two neurons with ciliated endings, in the head, with elliptical, closed, sheet-like processes near the cilium, which envelop a piece of hypodermis.	BAG		WBbt:0006825
Neuron class of two male-specific sensory neuron of postcloacal sensilla.	PCA		WBbt:0007806
Neuron class of two male-specific neurons that innervate male spicule.	SPV		WBbt:0006862
Neuron class of two male-specific sensory neuron associated with copulatory spicules, cilliated, open to outside at tip of spicule.	SPD		WBbt:0007805

0 Expression Clusters

96 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr10103
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). ift-20 was detected in all 5 regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13190
• Pattern: ccdc-104 is exclusively expressed in ciliated neurons. CCDC-104 localized in the ciliary axoneme.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12473
• Subcellular Localization: In wild-type animals TMEM-17 (ZK418.3) is tightly associated with the ciliary transition zone.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13367
• Pattern: ZK328.7a::GFP is specifically expressed in the ciliated neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10114
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). ift-139 was detected in all 5 regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8174
• Pattern: Utilizing transgenic lines coexpressing transcriptional fusions xbx-7::YFP and tza-1::CFP or xbx-7::YFP and tza-2::CFP, authors observed expression of these genes specifically in ciliated sensory neurons and additionally found that their expression was overlapping.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10104
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). tza-1 was detected in all 5 regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8531
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 2C.
• Pattern: The three mks/mksr transgenes were expressed specifically in most, if not all ciliated cells, including the amphid and phasmid sensory neurons.
• Subcellular Localization: The three GFP-tagged proteins (MKS-1, MKSR-1 and MKSR-2) localized specifically to transition zones at the base of cilia, which are akin to the basal bodies of other species. For each amphid bundle, authors were able to observe up to ~12 transition zones as fluorescent spots near the head of the animal; for the phasmid sensory neurons situated near the tail, two pairs of transition zones could be seen. This localization pattern is equivalent to that observed for the mammalian orthologues except that the latter proteins could also associate with the ciliary axonemes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9983
• Pattern: Pnphp-2::GFP was expressed in the ciliated sensory nervous system throughout development. In the adult, expression was evident in both hermaphrodite and male ciliated sensory neurons, including amphid, phasmid, and IL2 neurons. nphp-2 was also expressed in male specific ciliated sensory nervous system, including the CEM, RnB, and HOB neurons. Expression in the internal oxygen sensor neuron PQR was visible in the hermaphrodite, but could not be distinguished from the tail sensilla in the male.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8950
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 1 A.
• Subcellular Localization: Unlike GFP-tagged IFT proteins, which extended 68 m from the ciliary base, ARL-13::GFP signals in amphid/phasmid cilia extended only 34 m. A similar restricted proximal ciliary localization was also observed in male tail ray neuronal cilia. In contrast, although enriched in the proximal region of AWB cilia, ARL-13::GFP localized to the entire AWB cilium, including distal fan membranes, indicating that ARL-13 is not excluded from the distal regions of all nematode cilia.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10124
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). nph-4 was detected in all 5 regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10832
• Pattern: osta-1 gfp expression was observed exclusively in all ciliated sensory neurons in the head amphid and tail phasmid organs, with occasional expression in other neurons. Expression was observed at late embryonic stages and was maintained throughout postembryonic development.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10834
• Pattern: osta-2 was expressed neuronally, with expression in a subset of ciliated neurons, although expression was not restricted to these neuron types.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11187
• Pattern: osta-3 was expressed neuronally, with expression in a subset of ciliated neurons, although expression was not restricted to these neuron types.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16363
• Pattern: DAF-2::mNeonGreen was detected in neurons, XXX cells, vulval cells, germ cells, and oocytes. In the last three types of cells, DAF-2::mNeonGreen had clear plasma membrane (PM) localization as expected for a cell surface receptor. In the neurons and XXX cells, a pair of specialized hypodermal cells of neural endocrine function, strong DAF-2::mNeonGreen signals were seen in the cell bodies and along processes. The DAF-2::mNeonGreen-expressing neurons included all of the ciliated sensory neurons marked by the osm-6 promoter-driven mCherry protein.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10105
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). bbs-5 was detected in all 5 regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11120
• Pattern: Expressed in all ciliated neurons, including AWB.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11121
• Pattern: Expressed in all ciliated neurons, including AWB.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9595
• Reporter Gene: [NPHP-8::SL2-GFP], [NPHP-8::mCherry], translational fusion. Two nphp-8 gene fragments were obtained using PCR. A 5.9 kb fragment containing the 3.9 kb promoter and the genomic sequence (exons and introns) up to exon 6 and an- other 3.0 kb fragment containing all of the exons downstream of exon 6 were amplified from the total cDNA library. These two sequences were inserted into vector pXTL115 in the proper order to generate the translational fusion pXTL123 (NPHP-8::mCherry). To create the SL2 expression vector pXTL162 (NPHP-8::SL2-GFP), the two fragments (the 3.0 kb nphp-8 fragment with a stop codon) were cloned into the pJG7 vector.
• Pattern: Strong NPHP-8 expression was found in a subset of ciliated sensory neurons in hermaphrodites. The expression of nphp-8 overlapped with but was not limited to, DiI loaded neurons, including six neurons in the head (ASI, ASH, AWB, ASJ, ASK, and ADL) and two neurons in the tail (PHA and PHB).To determine the subcellular localization of NPHP-8 in C. elegans, an expression construct containing NPHP-8 fused to red fluorescent protein mCherry, driven by its own promoter, was created. The mCherry-tagged NPHP-8 was only observed at the distal end of dendrites of amphid and phasmid neurons in hermaphrodites. The NPHP-8 protein specifically co-localized with NPHP-4 at the transition zones at the bases of the cilia. Little or no fluorescence was found in the ciliary axonemes.
• Subcellular Localization: The mCherry-tagged NPHP-8 was only observed at the distal end of dendrites of amphid and phasmid neurons in hermaphrodites. The NPHP-8 protein specifically co-localized with NPHP-4 at the transition zones at the bases of the cilia. Little or no fluorescence was found in the ciliary axonemes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9675
• Pattern: Observation of mCherry signals indicates that F25B4.2 is expressed in ciliated neurons. Detailed analysis of F25B4.2 expression using dye-filling shows that F25B4.2 drives gene expression in ciliated neurons, including ASK, ADL, ASI, ASH, ASJ, PHA and PHB neurons. Expression in AWB was not found. Additional expression was also observed in muscle cells during larval stages but not in adults.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14298
• Pattern: pcdr-1p::GFP expression was observed in ciliated neurons in the head and neurons in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). In the VNC pcdr-1p::GFP expression co-localised with acr-2p::mCherry, which marks the cholinergic motor neurons, however we also observed GFP positive cell bodies which were not colocalised with this marker suggesting that PCDR-1 is expressed in both cholinergic andnon-cholinergic neurons in the VNC. we also observed expression of pcdr-1p::GFP in the vulval muscles and in non-neuronal cells in the tail. To determine the identity of these non-neuronal cells we co-expressed mCherry from a 1.3Kb fragment of the egl-5 promoter that drives expression in rectal epithelial cells. pcdr-1p::GFP expression co-localised with egl-5p::mCherry indicating that PCDR-1 was expressed in the rectal epithelium.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14465
• Pattern: 3 ciliated sensory neurons, ADF

• Primary Identifier: Expr10132
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). xbx-3 was detected in region 1 and 2.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10109
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). nph-1 was detected in all 5 regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8245
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 1. The transcriptional fusions, pGdyf11p(4.1) :: venus and pGdyf11p(2.0) :: venus that carry 4.1- and 2.0-kb promoter, respectively, showed essentially the same expression patterns.
• Pattern: In wild-type background, fluorescence was first detected at the 1.5-fold stage of embryogenesis and persisted throughout the lifespan. At larval and adult stages, most of the ciliated neurons, namely, all 12 classes of amphid sensory neurons, phasmid neurons PHA and PHB, the inner and outer labial neurons (IL1, IL2 and OLQ), AQR, URX, FLP, PDE, PQR and several other neurons (probably OLL, ADE and BAG) were found to express the reporter. In addition to CSNs, fluorescence was often seen in gut cells at larval stages; this intestinal expression decreased as development proceeded. It was difficult to determine precise cellular expression pattern of the translational fusion because of ciliary localization of the fusion protein VENUS :: DYF-11 expressed from this transgene.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8517
• Remark: Picture: Supplemental Figure 2F.
• Pattern: The expression was restricted to a small set of neurons in the head and the tail, a pattern reminiscent of ciliated sensory neurons. In summary, DAF-19C is expressed in 60 ciliated sensory neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15810
• Pattern: tps-2p::gfp is strongly expressed in body wall muscles and likely the ciliated sensory neurons, but in contrast to the larval transcriptomics data, expression in the intestine and hypodermis is very weak.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16364
• Pattern: This high-sensitivity daf-2 expression reporter was readily detectable in most C. elegans cells, including the ones that had been missed by the DAF-2::mNeonGreen fusion protein marker (Expr16363), that is, the intestine, hypodermis, gonadal sheath, and body wall muscles (BWM). With NuGFP, expression of daf-2 was observed starting in 2-cell embryos, and the expression continued throughout development and adulthood. Also expressed in head neurons, germ line, vulval cells, tail neurons, ciliated sensory neurons, XXX cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9206
• Pattern: cah-1 shows strong neuronal expression in adults. cah-1::gfp labels ciliated head sensory neurons, head ganglia, the ventral nerve cord and tail neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10106
• Remark: Promoter::GFP fusion constructs of variable lengths were generated using PCR amplification followed by subsequent cloning into expression vectors.
• Pattern: Expressed in both the amphid and tail ciliated sensory neurons. The 60 C. elegans CSNs present in an adult hermaphrodite worm were divided into 5 subgroups or anatomical regions including, neurons that reside in the amphids (region 1 = 24 CSNs: AWAL/R, AWBL/R, AWCL/R, AFDL/R, ASEL/R, ADFL/R, ASGL/R, ASHL/R, ASIL/R, ASJLR, ASKL/R, ADLL/R) or in the tail (region 2 = 5 CSNs: PHAL/R, PHBL/R, PQR), neurons surrounding the anterior bulb (region 3 = 24 CSNs: BAGL/ R, CEPVL/R, CEPDL/R, IL1L/R, IL2L/R, IL1VL/R, IL2VL/R, IL1DL/R, IL2DL/R, OLLL/R, OLQVL/R, OLQDL/R) or the posterior bulb (region 4 = 5 CSNs: ADEL/R, FLPL/R, AQR) of the pharynx, and neurons in the midbody region of the worm (region 5=2 CSNs: PDEL/R). mks-1 was detected in all 5 regions.

0 Life Stages

1 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Major cell type of nervous tissue, specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses.	neuron	neurone	WBbt:0003679