WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0005822

• Definition: specialized muscle in the male.
• Name: anterior oblique muscle
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0005822

2 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Anterior oblique male muscle	anterior oblique muscle right	aobR	WBbt:0004914
Anterior oblique male muscle	anterior oblique muscle left	aobL	WBbt:0004916

0 Expression Clusters

21 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2733
• Pattern: UNC-45 function. In this transgenic line, GFP expression is detected in all muscle cells examined, including body wall muscle cells, pharyngeal muscle cells, anal-intestinal muscle cells, gonad sheath muscle cells, and sex-specific muscle cells in both males and hermaphrodites. This supports a general role of UNC-45 in development and function of all muscles.
• Subcellular Localization: The GFP expression pattern resembles the pattern of A-bands of thick filaments. To confirm this, the same field was examined under polarized light microscopy and an identical pattern was seen. This indicates that functional UNC-45::GFP is associated with thick filaments in body wall muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr668
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: Postembryonic expression is observed in the rectum epithelium. A major site of EGL-5 expression is in the rectal epithelium. At hatching, the rectal expression is in K, F, B, U and Y. In addition expression is seen in (Y differentiates into) PDA motor neuron, (K divides to rise to) part of dorsal rectal epithelium and a cell that becomes DVB motor neuron. In males male-specific neurons show expression. In males Ab staining is observed in B.a and B.p as well as Y.p and Y.p in L1 and early L2. It appears that most/all B, Y, U, F, K descendants express EGL-5. Ventral neuroblast P12, staining is first seen in P12.a and P12.p in 12-h worms. Staining is maintained in P12 descendants in 15-h until adulthood. Both sexes' mechanosensory neurons, expression is seen in PLM neurons throughout larval development. In addition two cells express EGL-5, one in anterior region of each lumbar ganglion, likely to be PVC interneurons. Both sexes' muscles cells, expression is detected in 4-6 left/right pairs of posterior body-wall muscle cells in L1 larvae at earliest examined time 10-12 h. At L2 staining is detected in 12 left/right pairs of nuclei. Staining is strongest in the most posterior nuclei and tapers of towards the anterior. Staining in posterior body wall muscle cells remains throughout larval development and into adulthood in both sexes. In L3 males, sex-specific muscle lineages and sex-specific muscles stain strongly. These muscles include the diagonal muscles, muscles of spicule, gubernaculum and other sex muscles. Staining in these muscles persist until adulthood. HSN neurons, expression from L1 onwards through to adulthood. Male gonad, first detected in the male gonad in late L1 in a group of 6 cells at the anterior end. It appears that expression is clustered in a region that consists of both somatic cells and germ cells. Later at the beginning of the late mitotic period, staining nuclei lose their clustered arrangement. By 34 h, staining is seen in several dividing cells that form the primordium of the seminal vesicles as well as in two large nuclei in the valve region. In the nuclei of diving cells staining surrounds a condensed chromatin. This pattern persists until the end of the late mitotic period (35-37 h posthatching) when staining is also detected in sperm cells. No staining was observed in cells of the vas deferens. Lateral hypodermis, expression is seen in male seam from mid-L2. Staining first appears in V6.ppp at 20-22 h postembryonic development. Staining persists in V6.pppa and V6.pppp but at a lower level. Intensity of staining increases in R5 and R6 and to lesser degree in R4. Identification of staining cells in ray sublineages was not possible due to intense fluorescence of B-lineage cells lying in the same region. However it was possible to observe expression of a reporter gene in R4, R5, and R6 and also in cells of the R5 and R6 sublineages.
• Subcellular Localization: Expressed in the nuclei.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3815
• Pattern: From this construct, unc-103 also expresses in the pharyngeal neurons (I2 and NSM), head neurons [IL1, IL2, OLL, URAD, ASH, AVD, AUA, and SIAV and OLQ, RIV, URYV, AIN, and AIA, PCA in the post-cloacal sensilla, and one of two ray neurons in rays 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9. An unc-103::YFP translational fusion expressed from the 8.7 kb upstream region was also injected and it was observed that the anal depressor, spicule protractor, retractor, and other male sex muscles also expressed UNC-103; in the hermaphrodite, the vulva muscles also express the transgene.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1885
• Pattern: In animals transgenic for the smp-1::lacZ reporter constructs, beta-galactosidase is first detected in epidermal cells at the beginning of morphogenesis 200 minutes after fertilization. GFP fluorescence from smp-1::gfp expression is initially observed at approximately the 50 cell stage in the E lineage. Later, in larvae and adults, GFP can be seen in all body wall, vulval, uterine and enteric muscles, as well as male-specific muscles of the tail and copulatory system. In adults, smp-1::gfp is expressed in the tail tip (hyp 10), in ray 6 and in the spicules of the adult male. Approximately 10 sensory neuron support cells in the head with dendrites extending to the tip of the head, also express the smp-1 GFP and beta-galactosidase transcriptional reporters. GFP fluorescence is observed in several individual cells, including an interneuron (tentatively identified as AVL), the excretory channel, the distal tip cells (DTCs) throughout their migration, somatic cells of the gonad, and epidermal cells hyp 4 (and possibly hyp 3) and hyp 10. In the adult, expression was observed in the fused seam cell syncytium comprising the lateral epidermis. Although ray 6 expresses in the adult male tail, it is difficult to determine whether the ray 6 precursors or any other ray or SET precursors or progeny express smp-1::gfp during the L3 and L4 stages of development when the male tail is forming. This is because GFP fluorescence in the male sex-specific muscles is so bright at this stage as to obscure what may be faint expression of other cells in the male tail.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2200
• Pattern: In males, MAB-23::GFP is observed in several sex-specific cell types during larval development and in the adult, including the A-type ray sensory neurons, ventral male-specific muscles, and unidentified neurons of the male posterior ventral nerve cord. MAB-23::GFP is also detected in a limited number of non-sex-specific tissues in the adult male, including 6-8 unidentified neurons of the head, ventral body wall muscle, and the PHCL/R neurons. It is transiently expressed during larval development in the hindgut and in the tail spike. Many of these MAB-23::GFP-positive tissues have identifiable defects in mab-23 males (ray neurons, tail hypodermis, sex muscles, and hindgut). In adult hermaphrodites, the same set of non-sex-specific tissues are MAB-23::GFP positive as in the male. In addition, MAB-23::GFP is expressed in several hermaphrodite-specific tissues that contribute to the egg-laying apparatus, namely the ventral uterus and spermatheca of the oviduct and the Hermaphrodite Specific Neurons(HSN).

• Primary Identifier: Expr8295
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 3A,B.
• Pattern: UNC-38(nAChR) expresses in body wall and sex muscles (male), including the protractor muscles, but not in any of the neurons that are associated with spicule function.

• Primary Identifier: Expr722
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: Staining is observed in along the entire length of the pharyngeal masculature, vulval muscle cells and neighbouring body wall muscle cells, anal depressor, anal sphincter and intestinal muscles and in the contractile sheath in proximal region of the somatic gonad. In addition, staining is observed in the adult male sex muscles along the lateral and ventral surfaces.

• Primary Identifier: Expr723
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: PTMIZ2328: this fusion gene was specifically expressed in the body wall muscles, the anal muscles, the vulva muscles and the male sex muscles except the pharyngeal muscles. pTMIIIZ3256: this fusion gene expressed only in the pharyngeal muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1204
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Transgenic animals expressed this reporter specifically in muscle. Strong expression was observed in muscle cells in embryos. Adult expression was seen in striated body-wall muscle along the length of the animal, especially in the head. Strong expression was also seen in the vulval muscles. Additional expression was observed in intestinal muscle, anal sphincter muscle and the sex-specific muscles of the male tail. No expression was observed in pharyngeal muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr702
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: Antibody staining is detected in the anal depressor, anal sphincter and intestinal muscles and in the contractile sheath in proximal region of the somatic gonad. Staining is also observed in the vulval muscle cells and neighbouring body wall muscle cells. In addition, staining is observed in the adult male sex muscles along the lateral and ventral surfaces.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1489
• Pattern: Expression patterns of a translational lacZ fusion including most of the gene (PGSAL) was similar to those of the promoter fusion (LF-1). In adult and larval hermaphrodites, many neurons and muscle cells show expression of the reporter. These include neurons in the nerve ring, the ventral nerve cord, and the tail ganglia. Muscles expressing reporters include body wall muscles, the specialized muscles of the pharynx, and the vulva. In the male, male-specific neurons and muscle cells in the tail show the expression. Many epithelial cells in the pharynx and some vulva cells also express the reporter. No expression was observed in hypodermal cells or intestinal cells. Transgenes show similar expression pattern throughout larval development and in adult. The reporter is expressed in embryos at the comma stage and later stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9999
• Pattern: A 2.8 kb promoter of cysl-1 drove GFP expression mainly in the nervous system of adult hermaphrodites. The cysl-1::GFP expression pattern was similar for the transcriptional and translational reporters. GFP was observed in subsets of pharyngeal neurons, amphid sensory neurons and tail neurons, starting from late embryonic stages and persisting into adults. We identified GFP-positive cells as the AVM sensory neuron, the BDU interneurons, and the pharyngeal I1 interneurons and M2 motor neurons, based on their characteristic processes and nuclear positions. GFP in body wall muscles, hypoderm, and intestine was present in larvae but only weakly detectable in adult animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2917
• Remark: Lineage expression: Rn descandents.
• Reporter Gene: [plx-1::gfp] transcriptional and translational fusion constructs. A plx-1 transcriptional gfp reporter was constructed by cloning the 2621 bp sequence immediately 5' to the initiation codon into the multiple cloning site of pPD95_77 to generate plasmid pPD95_77cplx. A plx-1(+) rescuing construct was assembled from multiple PCR fragments encompassing the entire coding sequence of Ce-PLX-1. The 3' portion of the construct comes from the cDNA yk535f1 and contains 739 bp of the 3'UTR. This plx-1(+) cDNA minigene was cloned downstream of the promoter sequence of the pPD95_77cplx transcriptional reporter to obtain the plasmid pZH127. The gfp coding sequence is out of frame in pZH127. The construct contains the full-length plx-1(+) minigene with 2621 bp of sequence immediately 5' to the initiation codon and 739 bp of the 3'UTR sequence. The GFP-encoding portion of pZH127 was put in frame with the PLX-1(+) sequence by fusing it after the PmlI site located four amino acids before the stop codon. For this, a SphI-KpnI fragment was deleted from pZH127, cut with PmlI and re-ligated in combination with a linker sequence into the SphI-KpnI cut pZH127 to obtain the new plx-1 translational reporter plasmid pZH157.
• Pattern: Expression of both reporters is observed in all body wall muscles, male sex specific muscles and in the lateral epidermis during post-embryonic development. At the third larval stage, male tail hypodermal expression begins in all dividing Rn.a and Rn.p cells although predominantly in R1.a and R1.p. The strongest expression of the transcriptional reporters is observed in the ray 1 cells. Expression of the transcriptional reporters in other rays is weak and eventually disappears. A similar effect is observed for the translational reporter, which expresses first and most highly on the ray 1 and ray 2 cells. Although the translational reporter is found on all rays at later stages of male tail development, this expression is weak relative to the earlier expression in precursors to rays 1 and 2.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10819
• Pattern: Pacr-16:YFP was observed to be expressed in the body wall muscles, the sexually dimorphic anal depressor muscle, and some male-specific muscles, such as the spicule protractor muscles, the gubernacular erector and retractor muscles and the anterior oblique muscles. However, it was not seen in any neuron in the spicule protraction circuit.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2839
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stages.
• Pattern: T20B3.2 transcripts were detected in the body-wall musculature, but expression in hermaphrodites appeared limited to the anteriormost body-wall muscle cells. Expression in the body-wall muscle of males was less restricted, typically including posterior body-wall muscle cells, in addition to those at the head. T20B3.2 transcripts were found also in the vulval muscles of hermaphrodites and the sex muscles of males.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2280
• Remark: The tissue-specific expression of unc-68 protein suggested by antibody staining was confirmed by a gfp-fusion construct. The results of unc-68::gfp expression and immunostaining experiments strongly suggest that CeRyR is present only in muscles. See Expr2281 for GFP result.
• Pattern: The R16 antibody stained muscle cells of wild-type from the comma stage to the 3-fold stage, but not those of x14 animals. The R16 antibody staining appeared at the later comma stage and became strong at the 1.5-fold stage, when the muscle starts twitching, and continued to the adult stage. Although background staining from the early embryo to pre-comma stages was also observed in the cytoplasm of whole cells, this staining was not different between wild-type and x14 animals. The R16 antibody stained the body wall, pharyngeal, vulval and the anal muscles of adult hermaphrodites and male tail muscles in wild-type, but not in unc-68(x14) animals. The identity of these muscle tissues was confirmed by double-staining with rhodaminephalloidin. Among the anal muscles, the R16 antibody stained the depressor muscle but did not stain the sphincter muscle. The R16 antibody also stained pharyngeal muscles, especially those in the terminal bulb and isthmus. The staining pattern in body wall muscle was observed to be of a series of small dots. Because the antiserum stained in the intestines of both wild-type and unc-68(x14) animals, the intestinal staining is likely to represent the cross-reaction of the R16 antibody with unknown proteins.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12312
• Pattern: UNC-7 expression was detected in sex muscles (anal depressor, gubernacular erector, gubernacular retractor, and anterior oblique).

• Primary Identifier: Expr12313
• Pattern: In these transgenic males, UNC-7 expression was found, in addition to the sex muscles (Expr12312), in several mating circuit neurons (SPC, PCA, PCB, HOA, and unidentified ray neurons). Similar to previous studies (Starich et al., 2009; Yeh et al., 2009; Kawano et al., 2011), this reporter also expresses in head ganglion neurons, several ventral chord neurons, and tail neurons of the hermaphrodite, in addition to few unreported pharyngeal neurons (I5, M2, I4, M3, and I1).

• Primary Identifier: Expr10584
• Pattern: The prig-6RIG-6::GFP construct drives expression of all RIG-6 isoforms in fusion with GFP, under their endogenous promoter. rig-6 expression is detected during embryogenesis and is maintained throughout adulthood. rig-6 is expressed in I1 and I3 pharyngeal interneurons, NSM motor neurons and other unidentified head neurons. RIG-6::GFP is also localized in the cell bodies and axons of different subtypes of VNC motorneurons, in the HSN and the CAN neurons. Neuronal expression of rig-6 also includes the ALM and PLM touch receptor neurons. Non-neuronal cells expressing rig-6 include somatic muscles and the hypodermis. We also detected rig-6 expression in the developing and adult EC. The prig-6RIG-6::GFP construct drives expression of all RIG-6 isoforms in fusion with GFP, under their endogenous promoter. rig-6 expression is detected during embryogenesis and is maintained throughout adulthood. rig-6 is expressed in I1 and I3 pharyngeal interneurons, NSM motor neurons and other unidentified head neurons. RIG-6::GFP is also localized in the cell bodies and axons of different subtypes of VNC motorneurons, in the HSN and the CAN neurons. Neuronal expression of rig-6 also includes the ALM and PLM touch receptor neurons. Non-neuronal cells expressing rig-6 include somatic muscles and the hypodermis. We also detected rig-6 expression in the developing and adult EC.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12407
• Pattern: Expression was detected in sex muscles (anal depressor, gubernacular erector, gubernacular retractor, and anterior oblique).

• Primary Identifier: Expr12408
• Pattern: With a construct including 8 kb upstream of the first exon and the entire unc-7 genomic region fused to YFP, UNC-7 expression was found, in addition to the sex muscles reported in Expr12407, in several mating circuit neurons (SPC, PCA, PCB, HOA, HOB, and unidentified ray neurons). Similar to previous studies (Starich et al., 2009; Yeh et al., 2009; Kawano et al., 2011), this reporter also expresses, in head ganglion neurons, several ventral chord neurons, and tail neurons of the hermaphrodite, in addition to few unreported pharyngeal neurons (I5, M2, I4, M3, and I1).

0 Life Stages

1 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
specialized muscle type in the male.	oblique male muscle	mu_male_obliq	WBbt:0006910