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Expr12895
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In most cells APTF-2 is found uniformly in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. However, in certain cells at specific times during development, APTF-2 was enriched within the nucleus. Based on the lineaging of two embryos for 210 minutes significant nuclear enrichment of the APTF-2::GFP signal was found in neuroblasts and epidermal cells in AB lineage during ventral cleft closure and in epidermal cells in C lineage preceding dorsal intercalation. |
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Expr14939
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All five tagged alleles showed expression in two areas: the distal germline and spermatheca. Signal in the spermatheca was strongest at the membrane but also sometimes visible at a lower level in spermathecal nuclei. Expression in the distal germline was present in both sexes and strongest in the distal-most ~20 rows of germ cells, becoming weaker more proximally. Germ cells in the distal-most gonad showed membrane staining similar to that seen with antibodies to the extracellular domain of GLP-1 (e.g. Crittenden et al., 1994); in addition, staining in the nucleus was detected, but at a low level compared to membrane staining. Expression in L4 and adult animals was not observed outside the gonad or in the male somatic gonad (although we cannot exclude the possibility of expression below our threshold of detection). We also examined pre-gastrulation embryos and observed both membrane and nuclear expression of tagged GLP-1, in a pattern consistent with GLP-1 expression in the AB cell lineage, as reported previously (Evans et al., 1994; Priess, 2005). |
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Expr14940
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All five tagged alleles showed expression in two areas: the distal germline and spermatheca. Signal in the spermatheca was strongest at the membrane but also sometimes visible at a lower level in spermathecal nuclei. Expression in the distal germline was present in both sexes and strongest in the distal-most ~20 rows of germ cells, becoming weaker more proximally. Germ cells in the distal-most gonad showed membrane staining similar to that seen with antibodies to the extracellular domain of GLP-1 (e.g. Crittenden et al., 1994); in addition, staining in the nucleus was detected, but at a low level compared to membrane staining. Expression in L4 and adult animals was not observed outside the gonad or in the male somatic gonad (although we cannot exclude the possibility of expression below our threshold of detection). We also examined pre-gastrulation embryos and observed both membrane and nuclear expression of tagged GLP-1, in a pattern consistent with GLP-1 expression in the AB cell lineage, as reported previously (Evans et al., 1994; Priess, 2005). |
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Expr12428
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NEG-1::GFP is asymmetrically localized in the early embryo. NEG-1::GFP was detected in the zygotic nucleus and at equal levels in both nuclei of the two-cell embryo (23 of 23). However, at the four-cell stage, NEG-1::GFP expression was markedly higher in nuclei of the anterior AB blastomeres than in the nuclei of EMS and P2 (31 of 34). Following the four-cell stage, NEG-1::GFP remained high in the granddaughters of the AB blastomere and diminished progressively in subsequent divisions (data not shown). In the adult germline, NEG- 1::GFP was observed in the nuclei of distal germ cells and the nuclei of growing oocytes except for the most proximal oocyte. Moreover, intense sub-nuclear localization of NEG-1:GFP was observed on condensed chromatin. |
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Expr1135
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Strong expression of GFP in neuronal cells. During embryonic stages, GFP expression was restricted to AB lineage cells, head neuron ganglia, and ventral cord neurons and this expression pattern persisted in embryonic and larval stages. During postembryonic development, GFP was highly expressed in ventral cord neurons and head neurons. GFP also detected in HSN and vulva, PVM, distal tip cells, and tail ganglia. Lateral hypodermal cells also expressed GFP through out the developmental stages. |
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Expr12884
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pax-3 reporter expression was first observed around 240 min post first cleavage in AB-derived cells. Specifically, on the left side of the embryo expression was seen in hyp4, hyp6, two hyp 7 cells, P1/2 L, P3/4 L, seam cell V3L, P5/6 L, P7/8 L, P9/10 L, and four cells clustered at the posterior end of the embryo (TL, hyp 7, PVQL, PHBL). pax-3 reporter expression continued in many of these cells to the end of embryogenesis. In agreement with Liu et al., in the newly hatched L1 larva pax-3 reporter expression was seen in eight of twelve P cells (P1/2, P5/6, P7/8, P9/10) (Liu et al., 2009). Interestingly pax-3 reporter expression in P cell pairs P3/4 begins to fade in the embryo and is absent in the L1 stage, and expression was never observed in P cell pair P11/12. pax-3 reporter expression continued in the Pn.a and Pn.p descendants of these P cells in the L2 stage, but disappeared in the P cell descendants by the beginning of the L3 stage. Using the rescuing pax-3p::pax-3::gfp reporter, evidence of pax-3 expression was also observed in the VulF cells of the L4 stage developing vulva, in the migrating sex myoblasts (SM) and their descendants, and in the developing male tail. In summary, pax-3 expression was seen throughout embryogenesis and early larval development predominantly in hypodermal cells, in particular the ventral P hypodermal cells. |
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Expr16132
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GFP::MLS-2 expression became detectable around the 50-cell stage of embryogenesis and was restricted to specific, reproducible sublineages of the AB blastomere, most of which gave rise to neuronal and/or glial descendants. GFP::MLS-2 was also expressed in the duct and pore lineages, but was never observed in the canal cell. In 3/3 movies, we saw that expression of GFP::MLS-2 initiated in the grandparents of the duct and pore cell. GFP::MLS- 2 expression persisted in the duct and pore cells through the ventral enclosure and 1.5-fold stages of embryonic development, during which time fates are specified via EGF-Ras- ERK signaling and the duct and pore cells stack and form tubes (Abdus-Saboor et al., 2011). By the first larval stage of development, when the duct and pore cells have achieved their mature morphologies, GFP::MLS-2 was no longer detected in the duct and pore cells. |
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Expr13297
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HLH-3::GFP was expressed in the I4 neuron shortly after its mother divided to generate I4; by contrast, the I4 sister, pm5, did not express this protein. Expression of HLH-3::GFP was also observed in multiple AB-derived neural precursors. The broad expression of HLH-3::GFP was mostly confined to embryos and was no longer detectable in the I4 neuron in newly hatched L1s, suggesting that hlh-3 functions primarily in early embryos to promote I4 specification. |
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Expr12268
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YFP-ERA- 1[3'era-1] protein can be detected starting from the 10 cell stage solely in descendants of the anterior blastomere AB. YFP-ERA- 1[3'era-1] is distributed uniformly in the zygote and becomes enriched in the AB cell, an anterior bias that becomes more pronounced in 4-cell stage embryos. Intriguingly, YFP-ERA-1[3'era-1] is slightly enriched on the cell cortex, something that is most apparent at the boundary between anterior blastomeres, raising the possibility that ERA-1 is a cortical protein. |
YFP-ERA-1[3'era-1] is slightly enriched on the cell cortex, something that is most apparent at the boundary between anterior blastomeres, raising the possibility that ERA-1 is a cortical protein. |
