WormMine: Gene WBGene00000857

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000857
• Gene Name: cwn-1
• Sequence Name: K10B4.6
• Brief Description: cwn-1 encodes one of five C. elegans Wnt signaling ligands; during embryogenesis cwn-1 likely functions as a downstream target of the PAL-1 homeodomain protein in the regulatory network that specifies cell fates in the C lineage that gives rise to ectodermal and muscle tissue; consistent with this role, loss of cwn-1 activity via RNAi results in rare larval tail defects that may result, in part, from abnormal morphogenesis of C lineage descendants; a cwn-1 reporter is expressed in C and D muscle cells, as well as in two posterior C ectodermal cells; cwn-1 mRNA is detectable at all developmental stages, with highest levels of expression seen in embryonic stages.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables receptor tyrosine kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including neuroblast migration; neuron migration; and positive regulation of axon guidance. Predicted to be located in extracellular space. Expressed in several structures, including CAN; hypodermal cell; intestine; muscle cell; and somatic nervous system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Mullerian aplasia and hyperandrogenism and endometrial carcinoma. Is an ortholog of human WNT4 (Wnt family member 4).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: II :-15.9676 ±0.013997
• Length (nt): 2616

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000857

Genomics

2 Transcripts

Class	WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
MRNA	Transcript:K10B4.6a.1	K10B4.6a.1	1322	II: 130983-133598
NcPrimaryTranscript	Transcript:K10B4.6b	K10B4.6b	1523	II: 131165-133577

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:K10B4.6a	K10B4.6a	1119	II: 131165-131296

30 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00101346
• WBRNAi00050490
• WBRNAi00091573
• WBRNAi00030250
• WBRNAi00069518
• WBRNAi00069520
• WBRNAi00069519
• WBRNAi00069522
• WBRNAi00069521
• WBRNAi00069523
• WBRNAi00069526
• WBRNAi00069525
• WBRNAi00069528
• WBRNAi00069527
• WBRNAi00069530
• WBRNAi00069529
• WBRNAi00069516
• WBRNAi00069515
• WBRNAi00069517
• WBRNAi00069524
• WBRNAi00101703
• WBRNAi00098908
• WBRNAi00101484
• WBRNAi00101682
• WBRNAi00101684
• WBRNAi00101687
• WBRNAi00101692
• WBRNAi00101697
• WBRNAi00101447
• WBRNAi00101779

39 Allele

• gk964317
• gk963800
• WBVar02122081
• gk130933
• gk130932
• gk130935
• gk130934
• WBVar01715444
• WBVar01532482
• WBVar01532481
• WBVar01988568
• gk528060
• gk423155
• mu109
• gk492520
• mu110
• gk814597
• gk625072
• gk575542
• WBVar01291056
• WBVar01291055
• gk659647
• WBVar01291054
• WBVar00162853
• WBVar00162852
• WBVar01291057
• gk695232
• gk871834
• gk411542
• gk926907

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: II
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15279421

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000857
• Start: 130983
• End: 133598
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_129030..130982
• Length (nt): 1953
• Chromosome Location: II: 129030-130982
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

167 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
	Genes significantly enriched (> 2x, FDR < 5%) in a particular cell-type versus a reference sample of all cells at the same stage.	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_larva_enriched
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Genes that are significantly up regulated in tdp-1(ok803) poly(A) RNA-seq verses in N2.	DESeq v1.14, with cut-off p-value < 0.05 and FDR < 0.1.	WBPaper00046012:tdp-1(ok803)_upregulated
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in atfs-1(cmh15) (null allele) animals comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00060909:atfs-1(cmh15)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO.	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
	Transcripts detected in body muscle nuclei according to a nuclear FACS-based strategy.	Cufflinks	WBPaper00065120:body-muscle-transcriptome
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
Reduced humidity (98% relative humidity).	Genes that were down-regulated after one day exposure to reduced humidity (98% relative humidity) according to microarray analysis.	Multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied on calculated p-values. A change in the expression level was considered to be significant if the adjusted p-value was less than 0.001.	WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression at URX, AQR, and PQR neurons in camt-1(ok515) animals comparing to in wild type AX1888-1 strain.	RNA-seq data were mapped using PRAGUI - a Python 3-based pipeline for RNA-seq data analysis.	WBPaper00061902:camt-1(ok515)_regulated_URX-AQR-PQR
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:PVD-OLL-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in srbc-48(ac23);kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts) comparing to in kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts), 24h after infection with P.aeruginosa.	DESeq2, FDR <0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00059664:srbc-48(ac23)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed altered expression in cat-1(RNAi) animals comparing to control animals injected with empty vector.	p-value <= 0.05	WBPaper00066902:cat-1(RNAi)_regulated
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
	Genes that were not enriched in either spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) nor oogenic fog-2(q71) gonads, according to RNAseq analysis.	To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq.	WBPaper00045521:Gender_Neutral
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals lacking P granules by RNAi experiments targeting pgl-1, pgl-3, glh-1 and glh-4, and unc-119-GFP(+), comparing to in control animals, at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(+)_vs_control_day2-adult
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals lacking P granules by RNAi experiments targeting pgl-1, pgl-3, glh-1 and glh-4, and unc-119-GFP(-), comparing to in control animals, at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(-)_vs_control_day2-adult
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly increased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_enriched_coding-RNA

20 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030529
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr9884
• Reporter Gene: [cwn-1p::CWN-1::Venus] translational fusion. cwn-1p::CWN-1::Venus was constructed from PCR fragments containing its promoter region (1.8 kb), and the entire coding region was amplified by PCR from the fosmid WRM0620cE04 inserted into a pPD95.75::wVenus derived from pPD95.75 (a gift from A. Fire) and containing the Venus gene optimized for C. elegans codon usage in place of the GFP gene. --precise ends.
• Pattern: cwn-1p::CWN-1::Venus was localized to the cytoplasm and around the cell membrane in posterior muscle cells, both dorsal and ventral. The signals clearly tended to be stronger in posterior cells than in the middle of the animal, suggesting that CWN-1 expression may form a gradient.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3847
• Remark: No detailed description on expression patterns in adult stage.
• Pattern: The GFP expression was more dynamic than that of EGL-20::GFP. GFP expression was first detected in the embryonic tail beginning at the comma stage. In the newly hatched larvae, CWN-1 was often expressed in four stripes of cells lining the dorsal and ventral posterior quadrants of the body, suggesting that most of the CWN-1-expressing cells were muscle cells. The expression spread anteriorly and became more restricted to the ventral side of the animal as development proceeded.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7986
• Remark: Picture: Figure 2, Figure S3.
• Pattern: cwn-1 was first observed in early embryos, at approximately 0-2 hours after egg laying. cwn-1 expression persisted throughout embryonic development. Baugh et al. previously showed that cwn-1 was expressed in embryonic body wall muscles derived from the C and D blastomeres. Throughout larval development cwn-1 is expressed in body wall muscles (BWMs) and ventral cord neurons (VCNs), predominately in the posterior half of the animal. In the L1 and L2 stages, cwn-1::GFP is expressed predominantly posterior to P6.p, although some animals show expression in the area of the VPCs. During the L3 and L4 stages, the domain of cwn-1 expression expands to more anterior BWMs and VCNs. Expression of cwn-1 was also observed in intestinal nuclei, and in nuclei of hypodermal cells that had joined the hyp7 syncytium, such as the VPC descendants and progeny from seam cell lineages. In late L4 and young adult animals, expression of cwn-1 was observed in the vulval muscles and in fused seam cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7311
• Pattern: Click the movie links below for interactive 4D movies of a fluorescence reporter. http://glowormnotes.blogspot.com/2009/11/cwn-1yfp-transcriptional-fusion.html

• Primary Identifier: Expr11178
• Pattern: Expression of cwn-1 Wnt ligand decreases during aging. In very young adult worms, day 1 of adulthood, cwn-1/Wnt is expressed in body-wall muscles and ventral cord motor neurons in the posterior part of the worm. However, cwn-1/Wnt expression in body-wall muscles almost entirely disappears in the following 24 hours. By day 2 of adulthood we were able to observe only cwn-1 expression in ventral cord motor neurons. This expression is low in middle-age (day 5) worms, and barely detectable in old (day 12) animals. Overall the cwn-1/Wnt expression pattern is similar to that previously observed during development. In addition to body-wall muscles and ventral cord motor neurons, cwn- 1/Wnt was detected in intestinal cells, vulval muscle, and fused seam cells during larvae development (Gleason et al. 2006), although this expression pattern is absent in adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12970
• Pattern: cwn-1 showed pan-germline expression. Reporter expression was observed in the distal region of the germline, in mitotic progenitor cells, as well as in the syncytial region, in the germline bend, in oocytes, and in embryos. No expression was observed in sperm, consistent with the findings of Seydoux and co-workers that suggests sperm expression is governed via transcriptional regulation at the promoter, rather than post-transcriptionally through 3'UTR level.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11632
• Pattern: Pcwn- 1::mCherry is robustly expressed in the tail and weakly expressed in the vulva and body wall muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11254
• Pattern: cwn-1 is predominantly expressed in the posterior body wall muscle (BWM) and in the M cell/SM lineage. On average, the wild-type SMs each express 50 transcripts of cwn-1 prior to the polarity choice of P7.p.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9344
• Pattern: cwn-1 was mostly localized to the posterior half of L1 larvae, in a pattern that was already present at the comma stage of embryonic development. cwn-1 was mainly expressed in posterior body wall muscle cells and in the M cell descendants that give rise to body wall muscle cells and the vulva and uterine muscle cells. In addition, several cells were found to co-express cwn-1 including the anal depressor muscle, the body wall muscle quadrants VL23 and VR24 and P11/12. Interestingly, it was observed that the two lateral canal associated neurons (CANs) simultaneously induce cwn-1 expression during late L1, an expression that persists throughout larval development.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12034
• Pattern: cwn-1 was expressed in two cells dorsal to P11.p (likely DP6 and DA8), the diagonal muscles, the anal depressor muscle and cells in the ventral cord.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10263
• Pattern: Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/

• Primary Identifier: Expr10264
• Pattern: Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/

• Primary Identifier: Expr2010637
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2028877
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr15694
• Pattern: Using transcriptional reporters of the five Wnt ligands [cis-regulatory elements of the Wnt ligands placed upstream of a nuclear GFP (Gleason et al., 2006)], we observed that three Wnt ligands (CWN-1, CWN-2 and MOM-2) are expressed in the embryo at the time of the terminal division of the SMDD/AIY mother cell. We could not detect expression of the two remaining Wnt ligands (LIN-44 and EGL-20) at that time but start seeing expression at later stages, during elongation, in the posterior end of the embryo. Interestingly, at the time of the terminal division of the SMDD/AIY mother cell, cwn-1, cwn-2 and mom-2 are transcribed at a higher level in the posterior region of the embryo than in the anterior region. These observations are consistent with an analysis of the transcription pattern of Wnt ligands by fluorescent in situ hybridization (Harterink et al., 2011). cwn-1, cwn-2 and mom-2 are transcribed in several tissues: cwn-1 (posterior muscle), cwn-2 ( posterior neuronal progenitors, posterior epidermis, intestine and posterior muscle) and mom-2 (posterior epidermis and muscle). Their zygotic expression starts during gastrulation and remains during embryonic elongation.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154198
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1016529
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr15699
• Pattern: To determine the protein localization of these Wnt ligands, we tagged them with YFP using a fosmid reporter strategy. Interestingly, the CWN-1::YFP and CWN-2::YFP proteins are detectable in the region where the SMDD/AIY mother cell is present, anterior to their source. This suggests that CWN-1 and CWN-2 move away from their posterior source to the SMDD/AIY mother area. For MOM-2::YFP, the fluorescence levels are too low to conclude.

• Primary Identifier: Expr738
• Remark: Also called wnt-1 in the article. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: Most strongly expressed in embryos. Lower levels present in larval and adult stages. Lowest level in immature and gravid adults.

50 GO Annotation

5 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000857
• Start: 130983
• End: 133598
• Strand: -1

50 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2616

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

21 Strains

• WBStrain00023610
• WBStrain00031477
• WBStrain00035436
• WBStrain00035435
• WBStrain00035438
• WBStrain00035444
• WBStrain00035443
• WBStrain00035442
• WBStrain00035448
• WBStrain00035447
• WBStrain00035446
• WBStrain00035445
• WBStrain00035449
• WBStrain00035450
• WBStrain00008497
• WBStrain00008503
• WBStrain00007456
• WBStrain00007457
• WBStrain00007444
• WBStrain00007452
• WBStrain00007453

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_133599..134018
• Length (nt): 420
• Chromosome Location: II: 133599-134018
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans