WormMine

WS294

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00003220 Gene Name  mes-2
Sequence Name  ? R06A4.7 Brief Description  mes-2 encodes a SET domain-containing protein that is orthologous to the Drosophila Polycomb group protein Enhancer of zeste [E(Z)]; as a member of a Polycomb-like chromatin repressive complex with MES-3 and MES-6, MES-2 is required maternally for normal germline development and during larval development, for anteroposterior patterning; during germline development, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is believed to be essential for maintaining repression of the X chromosome, and in transgenic animals, the complex is necessary for germline repression of repetitive transgenes; in axial patterning, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is required in somatic tissues for maintaining homeotic gene repression, acting upstream of the Hox genes lin-39, mab-5, and egl-5, as well as the egl-5 target gene lin-32; in addition, MES-2 activity is required for normal levels and localization of MES-3 in >24-cell-stage embryos; MES-2 expression is detected in the primordial germ cells and germline nuclei throughout development, in all nuclei in early embryos, and in somatic nuclei, including those of the male tail, in L2 and L3 larvae; in the nucleus, MES-2 appears to localize to chromatin.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables histone H3K27 methyltransferase activity. Involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression; germ-line stem cell division; and tissue development. Part of PcG protein complex and nucleosome. Expressed in Z2; Z3; germ line; hypodermis; and intestine. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including gastrointestinal system cancer (multiple); hematologic cancer (multiple); and respiratory system cancer (multiple). Is an ortholog of human EZH1 (enhancer of zeste 1 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) and EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  II :22.9598 ±0.005825
Length (nt)  ? 4482
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00003220

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:R06A4.7.1 R06A4.7.1 2480   II: 14383973-14388454
 

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:R06A4.7 R06A4.7 2322   II: 14383976-14384642

18 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00051364
WBRNAi00091453
WBRNAi00112372
WBRNAi00081802
WBRNAi00027774
WBRNAi00089652
WBRNAi00062533
WBRNAi00089625
WBRNAi00089595
WBRNAi00087836
WBRNAi00091535
WBRNAi00085942
WBRNAi00085944
WBRNAi00085943
WBRNAi00085946
WBRNAi00085945
WBRNAi00091540
WBRNAi00091513

84 Allele

Public Name
gk963801
gk963053
WBVar01320034
WBVar01320035
WBVar01320037
gk962684
WBVar02068479
WBVar02068478
ss186
WBVar01696421
WBVar01696422
WBVar01696423
gk859086
gk328221
gk738966
gk499874
gk556177
gk879650
gk726312
gk708154
gk535536
gk437264
gk533269
gk412658
gk467544
gk611613
gk659757
gk462693
gk737694
gk331658

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
II Caenorhabditis elegans 15279421  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003220 14383973 14388454 1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrII_14388455..14388512   58 II: 14388455-14388512 Caenorhabditis elegans

122 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants. Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)). WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
  Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle. DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed. WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:AVE-neuron_L1-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite. DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05 WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite. DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05 WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_upregulated
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
Bacteria diet: Escherichia coli HB101. Fed for 30 generations. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria E. coli HB101 for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50. DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061007:HB101_downregulated
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50. DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure. Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2). DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05. WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage. DESeq WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
  Genes down regulated by mir-243(n4759). RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p > 0.05 in three biological replicates were considered differentially regulated between wild-type and mir-243. WBPaper00036130:mir-243_down_regulated
25C vs. 20C Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals grown at 20C. CuffDiff, fold change > 2. WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C. CuffDiff, fold change > 2. WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the quasi-likeli-hood framework in edgeR package v. 3.20.1 in R v. 3.4.1. WBPaper00053810:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:dopaminergic-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:PVD-OLL-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
  Proteins interacting with HA-PPM-1.D. N.A. WBPaper00062498:PPM-1.D_interacting
  Genes that were not enriched in either spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) nor oogenic fog-2(q71) gonads, according to RNAseq analysis. To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq. WBPaper00045521:Gender_Neutral
  Transcripts that showed altered expression from P0 to F2 generation animals after N2 parental generation were treated with antimycin, but not in damt-1(gk961032) P0 to F2 animals after the parenal generaton were treated with antimycin. N.A. WBPaper00055862:antimycin_damt-1(gk961032)_regulated

9 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1031520 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
    Expr1415 MES-2 is highly enriched in the germline and is located in the nuclei. All germ nuclei in the mitotic and meiotic regions are stained, with the exception of sperm. A maternal load of protein is seen in the nucleoplasm of oocytes; mature sperm lack detectable protein. Adult males also display staining in germ nuclei, which declines during spermatogenesis and is undetectable in sperm. The only adult somatic nuclei that contain detectable levels of MES-2 are those in the intestine. Staining in intestinal nuclei is extremely faint in some samples and undetectable in other samples. In early embryos, MES-2 is observed in the nuclei of all blastomeres. In blastomeres that lack an intact nuclear envelope because they are undergoing mitosis, MES-2 is predominantly cytoplasmic, but some MES-2 is clearly associated with the chromosomes. At progressively later stages of embryogenesis, the intensity of MES-2 staining in the nuclei of somatic cells decreases. Upon hatching, staining of MES-2 is significantly higher in the nuclei of the two primordial germ cells, Z2 and Z3, than in somatic nuclei. At later stages of larval development, MES-2 is oberved exclusively in the germline and localized in the nuclei. nuclei, nucleoplasm, cytoplasmic, associated with the chromosomes
    Expr1414 Transcript levels are highest in adult worms and in embryos. Some accumulation also occurs in the L4 larval stage, but mes-2 transcript is greatly reduced in earlier larval stages. mes-2 transcript is severely reduced (4% of wild type) in worms that essentially lack a germline, but is present in worms that have a germline, regardless of the sex of the germline (66% to 85% of wild type).  
    Expr14366    
    Expr1021565 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr2013530 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1155052 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr1200358 Data from the TransgeneOme project  
    Expr2031764 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  

25 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
occurs_in(WBbt:0005784) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  part_of
  part_of
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in

8 Homologues

Type
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003220 14383973 14388454 1

25 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
occurs_in(WBbt:0005784) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  part_of
  part_of
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in

4 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in the dissected gonads of mes-2(bn11) unc-4(e120)(II), comparing to in the dissected gonads of unc-4(e120)(II) Fold change > 2. WBPaper00050094:mes-2(bn11)_downregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in the dissected gonads of mes-2(bn11) unc-4(e120)(II), comparing to in the dissected gonads of unc-4(e120)(II) Fold change > 2. WBPaper00050094:mes-2(bn11)_upregulated
  Genes that showed decreased expression in mes-2; mes-4 comparing with in wild type background. Statistical analysis for mis-expression was performed using a moderated t-test from the package limma. All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) were selected for further analysis. WBPaper00041688:mes-2_mes-4_downregulated
  Genes that showed increased expression in mes-2; mes-4 comparing with in wild type background. Statistical analysis for mis-expression was performed using a moderated t-test from the package limma. All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) were selected for further analysis. WBPaper00041688:mes-2_mes-4_upregulated

1 Sequence

Length
4482

1 Sequence Ontology Term