WormMine

WS294

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00004212 Gene Name  ptl-1
Sequence Name  ? F42G9.9 Brief Description  ptl-1 encodes a microtubule-binding protein that is homologous to members of the tau/MAP2/MAP4 subfamily of microtubule-associated proteins; PTL-1 promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and functions in maintaining neuronal integrity and axonal transport by regulation of retrograde movements of kinesins UNC-104, UNC-116, and anterograde movements of dynein light chain, DLC-1; in vitro, bacterially expressed PTL-1 can bind microtubules, and in vivo, PTL-1 physically interacts with UNC-104; ptl-1 mRNA is expressed at highest levels in the embryo and early larval stages, while PTL-1 is detected in embryonic hypodermis and head neurons and then in the mechanosensory neurons, ALML, ALMR, AVM, PLML, and PLMR, in larvae and adults.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables kinesin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. Involved in microtubule polymerization and positive regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis. Located in axon. Expressed in intestinal muscle; neurons; and tail. Used to study amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and tauopathy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease; brain disease (multiple); breast cancer; and late onset Parkinson's disease. Is an ortholog of human MAP4 (microtubule associated protein 4).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  III :-26.231 ±0.012747
Length (nt)  ? 6208
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00004212

Genomics

6 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:F42G9.9c.1 F42G9.9c.1 1604   III: 765184-771389
Transcript:F42G9.9b.1 F42G9.9b.1 1612   III: 765189-771391
Transcript:F42G9.9a.1 F42G9.9a.1 1477   III: 765195-770919
Transcript:F42G9.9d.3 F42G9.9d.3 2068   III: 765202-771386
Transcript:F42G9.9d.2 F42G9.9d.2 1465   III: 768558-770894
Transcript:F42G9.9d.1 F42G9.9d.1 2004   III: 768558-771386
 

Other

4 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:F42G9.9a F42G9.9a 1362   III: 765200-765265
CDS:F42G9.9b F42G9.9b 1377   III: 765200-765265
CDS:F42G9.9d F42G9.9d 759   III: 768984-769219
CDS:F42G9.9c F42G9.9c 1242   III: 765200-765265

10 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00002289
WBRNAi00047140
WBRNAi00047141
WBRNAi00014850
WBRNAi00014855
WBRNAi00076417
WBRNAi00006535
WBRNAi00007019
WBRNAi00032162
WBRNAi00086503

121 Allele

Public Name
gk963623
gk962532
gk964281
otn9665
otn13024
WBVar01322367
WBVar01322366
WBVar01322368
WBVar01322371
WBVar01322374
WBVar01322376
WBVar01322356
WBVar01322355
WBVar01322358
WBVar01322357
WBVar01322359
WBVar01322364
WBVar01951201
WBVar02069524
tm543
WBVar00031688
h8107
ok621
WBVar01983504
WBVar01989685
WBVar00006446
WBVar02048045
WBVar00006451
WBVar01917738
WBVar00006456

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
III Caenorhabditis elegans 13783801  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00004212 765184 771391 1

3 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

219 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells. DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction. WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:AVE-neuron_L1-larva_expressed
Osmotic stress Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
  Neuronally enriched transcripts according to a comparison of neuronal nuclei IP samples to total nuclei using isolation of nuclei from tagged specific cell types (INTACT) technology. DESEQ2, fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.01. WBPaper00062103:neuron_enriched
Bacteria: E.faecalis strain OG1RF Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after infection by E. faecalis OG1RF. Ballgown was used to calculate differential expression of genes using FPKM data and to generate tables with fold change and P values. Genes were shortlisted with a cutoff of 2-fold change and P values of less than 0.05. WBPaper00059754:E.faecalis_OG1RF_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by E.faecalis Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50. For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated. WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
  Genome-wide analysis of developmental and sex-regulated gene expression profile. self-organizing map cgc4489_group_18
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
  Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to RNAseq analysis towards total RNA. Gene expression quantification and differential expression was analyzed using cufflinks v2.2.1. Enriched contains only genes significantly enriched (differentially expressed >= 2.4 fold in total RNA or >= 3.2 fold in DSN treated total RNA) in the NSM neurons versus the reference. WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_RNAseq
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_developing
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO. Fold change > 2. WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2. DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
Dietary restriction Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after N2 animals were under dietary restriction (DR, OP50 OD = 0.1) from 3-day post L4 till 6-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to under ad libtum (AL, OP50 OD = 3) condition. Bioconductor package edgeR, p < 0.05. WBPaper00056443:DietaryRestriction_downregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage. DESeq WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult. DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01 WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
Gamma irradiation 100 mGY per hour for 72 hours since L1 larva. Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after exposure to 100mGy per hour gamma irradiation from L1 to day 1 adult hermaphrodite stage. DESeq2, FDR <= 0.05, log2 fold change >= 0.3 or <= -0.3. WBPaper00058958:100mGy-irradiation-72h_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the quasi-likeli-hood framework in edgeR package v. 3.20.1 in R v. 3.4.1. WBPaper00053810:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated

13 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
Strain: BC12648 [ptl-1::gfp] transcriptional fusion. PCR products were amplified using primer A: 5' [CTCAAAACGAGAAACTTCATTGG] 3' and primer B 5' [GAGGGGTTGAGATTTTTCCTG] 3'. Expr6054 Adult Expression: pharynx; Reproductive System; vulval muscle; Nervous System; head neurons; tail neurons; unidentified cells in body ;unidentified cells in tail ; Larval Expression: pharynx; intestine; Nervous System; head neurons; unidentified cells in body ;unidentified cells in tail ;  
Also expressed in (comments from author) : Embryo incomplete. To be updated. Strain: BC11686 [ptl-1::gfp] transcriptional fusion. PCR products were amplified using primer A: 5' [CTCAAAACGAGAAACTTCATTGG] 3' and primer B 5' [GAGGGGTTGAGATTTTTCCTG] 3'. Expr6055 Adult Expression: pharynx; intestine; Nervous System; head neurons; tail neurons; unidentified cells; Larval Expression: pharynx; intestine; Nervous System; head neurons; tail neurons; unidentified cells;  
    Expr10796   PTL-1::V5 localizes to axons and cell bodies in neurons, including those comprising the nerve ring in the head, as well as in the tail.
    Expr11065 PTL-1::GFP fusion protein is expressed in the PHC neurons prior to and during hypodermal morphogenesis. In adults, PTL-1::GFP is expressed in most neurons of the tail.  
    Expr9568 Adult Expression: pharynx; Reproductive System; vulval muscle; Nervous System; head neurons; tail neurons; unidentified cells in body ;unidentified cells in tail. Larval Expression: pharynx; intestine; Nervous System; head neurons; unidentified cells in body ;unidentified cells in tail ; Sub-cellular localization within the body wall muscle: Cytoplasm +/- Other
    Expr1151007 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
Picture: Figure 2.   Expr8946 GFP is expressed in mechanosensory neurons. Prominent expression occurs in ALMLR, PLML/R and AVM, while PVM does not express GFP under the control of the ptl-1 promoter in adult worms. GFP is also expressed in a number of head neurons, neurons along the ventral nerve cord (including DD2, DA3, DB3, DA9, VA3), cells near the vulva (including VC3, VB4) and stomatointestinal muscle.  
    Expr1603 Staining was observed in the epidermis of embryos undergoing elongation, but not after hatching. In addition, weak staining was observed in a number of neurons within the head region. During larval and adult stages, mechanosensory neurons and their processes express PTL-1. The number and position of immunoreactive neurons were examined in six late first or second stage larvae, when six mechanosensory cells are present. In six out of six animals, five of these neurons stained for PTL-1 (neurons ALML, ALMR, AVM, PLML and PLMR). Thus, with the exception of PVM, all mechanosensory neurons express PTL-1. Mechanosensory neurons stained for the remainder of development, but their number was not counted after the L2 stage. PTL-1 staining was specific, as it was completely abolished following pre-adsorption of the diluted antibody with recombinant PTL-1.  
    Expr1032069 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
    Expr2015147 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1027653 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr2033385 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
Original chronogram file: chronogram.32.xml [F42G9.9:gfp] transcriptional fusion. Chronogram1442    

13 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
part_of(WBbt:0006804) located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables

0 Homologues

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00004212 765184 771391 1

13 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
part_of(WBbt:0006804) located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables

2 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ptl-1(ok621) comparing to in N2 DESeq2 1.14.1, fold change > 1.5, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00056039:ptl-1(ok621)_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in ptl-1(ok621) comparing to in N2 DESeq2 1.14.1, fold change > 1.5, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00056039:ptl-1(ok621)_downregulated

1 Sequence

Length
6208

1 Sequence Ontology Term