WormMine: Gene WBGene00004984

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00004984
• Gene Name: spn-4
• Sequence Name: ZC404.8
• Brief Description: spn-4 encodes a protein containing an RNP-type RNA-binding domain; SPN-4 is required for rotation, but not polarization, of the mitotic spindle in the P1 blastomere of the two-cell stage embryo; SPN-4 is also required for mesectoderm and mesendoderm formation in conjunction with proper localization of maternal cell-fate determinants such as SKN-1; in addition, SPN-4 binds the glp-1 3' UTR and is necessary for glp-1 mRNA translation in the anterior blastomeres of the early embryo; conversely, SPN-4 binds and suppresses translation of pal-1 and skn-1 mRNAs in anterior blastomeres; in vitro, SPN-4 interacts with POS-1, a CCCH-type zinc finger protein that negatively regulates glp-1 mRNA translation in posterior blastomeres; SPN-4 is a P granule component, but is also detected in oocytes, the AB and P1 blastomeres at the two-cell stage, and in all four blastomeres at the four-cell stage, with higher levels in EMS and P2.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable mRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in nervous system development and regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. Located in P granule. Expressed in several structures, including D; Psub4; Z2; Z3; and germ line.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: V :0.165431 ±0.017895
• Length (nt): 1717

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00004984

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:ZC404.8.1	ZC404.8.1	1523	V: 6783187-6784903

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:ZC404.8	ZC404.8	1056	V: 6783653-6783774

53 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00083282
• WBRNAi00083251
• WBRNAi00083252
• WBRNAi00066988
• WBRNAi00067334
• WBRNAi00067892
• WBRNAi00068102
• WBRNAi00082731
• WBRNAi00021679
• WBRNAi00083281
• WBRNAi00082728
• WBRNAi00082741
• WBRNAi00082740
• WBRNAi00082737
• WBRNAi00082738
• WBRNAi00083267
• WBRNAi00082729
• WBRNAi00083256
• WBRNAi00083260
• WBRNAi00111703
• WBRNAi00038040
• WBRNAi00024296
• WBRNAi00058890
• WBRNAi00061499
• WBRNAi00083238
• WBRNAi00083286
• WBRNAi00082727
• WBRNAi00082730
• WBRNAi00082733
• WBRNAi00082739

44 Allele

• gk963301
• gk963553
• gk963042
• gk963041
• gk964259
• gk964351
• gk963850
• gk964527
• gk962860
• gk964528
• gk963772
• WBVar02122030
• WBVar00248469
• WBVar00248470
• tm291
• gk238014
• gk238013
• gk238012
• gk238011
• WBVar02023871
• h3149
• h3148
• or25
• gk399852
• gk516977
• gk410633
• gk954424
• gk747100
• gk833018
• gk539670

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: V
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 20924180

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004984
• Start: 6783187
• End: 6784903
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

245 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:AVE-neuron_L1-larva_expressed
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
	Genes that were upregulated in lin-15B(n744).	For each gene in each microarray hybridization experiment, the ratio of RNA levels from the two samples was transformed into a log2 value and the mean log2 ratio was calculated. The log2 ratios were normalized by print-tip Loess normalization (Dudoit and Yang, 2002). All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003) and a mean fold-change ratio of >= 1.5 were selected for further analysis.	WBPaper00038168:lin-15B(n744)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hsp-6(mg585) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	EdgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.001.	WBPaper00056290:hsp-6(mg585)_downregulated

12 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2034298
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1162326
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2551
• Pattern: In situ hybridization analysis revealed that spn-4 mRNA was abundant in early embryos. The mRNA was present at the same level in all blastomeres up to the 4-cell stage. Afterwards, it persists in the P blastomere and its sister, and then just the germ lineage. The mRNA was also present in the adult gonads.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1032480
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr9703
• Reporter Gene: We employed a transgene-based assay that tests the post-transcriptional control activity of 3' UTRs in vivo. In this assay, the GFP::H2B reporter fusion is placed upstream of the selected 3' UTR such that the entire fusion-GFP::H2B-3' UTR-is produced as a single transcript. Expression in the germline is achieved by using pie-1 promoter, which has been shown earlier to drive transgene expression in the germline.
• Pattern: The transgene containing spn-4 3' UTR is expressed in the germline distal region and oocytes, but not in the middle meiotic zone.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16336
• Pattern: Nine promoters (klp-19p, his-68p, W05F2.3p, spn-4p, pos-1p, Y75B12B.1p, puf-5p, mei-2p, and mesp-1p) produced GFP expression that was specific to the germline.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4134
• Remark: Curated by authors based on online in-situ hybridization database (Y. Kohara, personal communication; http://nematode.lab.nig.ac.jp).
• Pattern: Expressed in medial germline.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2552
• Remark: A granular staining pattern was found for SPN-4 in the germline blastomeres. This pattern exactly matched the granular staining pattern for POS-1, suggesting that these structures corresponded to P granules. Indeed, the granular patterns matched exactly those observed with a P-granule-specific antibody, indicating that SPN-4 is a component of P granules. The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by the fact that SPN-4 was detected neither in the deletion mutant tm291 nor in spn-4(RNAi) embryos. The distribution of SPN-4 overlapped with that of POS-1 in the posterior blastomeres.
• Pattern: Immunostaining revealed that the SPN-4 protein was already present in oocytes. The protein was abundant in one-cell-stage embryos. At the two-cell stage, it was present with equal abundance in both blastomeres AB and P1. At the four-cell stage, the protein distribution became different among the blastomeres; strongly in the posterior blastomeres, EMS and P2, and weakly in the anterior blastomeres, ABa and ABp. After the four-cell stage, SPN-4 was localized to the posterior blastomeres, including the germline precursors, and became undetectable by mid-embryogenesis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13392
• Pattern: SPN-4::GFP::3xFLAG was detected in the two most proximal oocytes (-1 and -2), consistent with previous results obtained with anti-SPN-4 antibody (Ogura et al. 2003; Mootz et al. 2004).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2016062
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr16503
• Pattern: In both active and quiescent oogenesis, SPN-4:GFP protein accumulated only during late oogenesis, recapitulating the pattern of spn-4 translation activation.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1018262
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

15 GO Annotation

12 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004984
• Start: 6783187
• End: 6784903
• Strand: -1

15 Ontology Annotations

2 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in spn-4(tm291) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	RPKM fold change > 2.	WBPaper00058598:spn-4(tm291)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in spn-4(tm291) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	RPKM fold change > 2.	WBPaper00058598:spn-4(tm291)_downregulated

1 Sequence

• Length: 1717

1 Sequence Ontology Term