|
GO:0009987
|
cellular process
|
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
|
GO:0008150
|
biological_process
|
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. |
|
GO:0003674
|
molecular_function
|
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. |
|
GO:0003824
|
catalytic activity
|
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. |
|
GO:0051716
|
cellular response to stimulus
|
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. |
|
GO:0050896
|
response to stimulus
|
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. |
|
GO:0065007
|
biological regulation
|
Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. |
|
GO:0050794
|
regulation of cellular process
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
|
GO:0050789
|
regulation of biological process
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. |
|
GO:0035556
|
intracellular signal transduction
|
The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
|
GO:0023052
|
signaling
|
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. |
|
GO:0007165
|
signal transduction
|
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
|
GO:0007154
|
cell communication
|
Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
|
GO:0050790
|
regulation of catalytic activity
|
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. |
|
GO:0065009
|
regulation of molecular function
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. |
|
GO:0060089
|
molecular transducer activity
|
A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. |
|
GO:0141124
|
intracellular signaling cassette
|
An intracellular signaling module that is part of larger signaling pathways that can be initiated either intracellularly or by cell surface receptors. Intracellular signaling cassettes are discrete signaling units that are often shared by multiple signaling pathways. |
|
GO:0048583
|
regulation of response to stimulus
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. |
|
GO:0010646
|
regulation of cell communication
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
|
GO:0009966
|
regulation of signal transduction
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
|
GO:0023051
|
regulation of signaling
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. |
|
GO:0038023
|
signaling receptor activity
|
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. |
|
GO:0004888
|
transmembrane signaling receptor activity
|
Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. |
|
GO:0007186
|
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
|
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. |
|
GO:0004930
|
G protein-coupled receptor activity
|
Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. |
|
GO:0007188
|
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
|
A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
|
GO:0016829
|
lyase activity
|
Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. |
|
GO:1902531
|
regulation of intracellular signal transduction
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. |
|
GO:0009975
|
cyclase activity
|
Catalysis of a ring closure reaction. |
|
GO:0004016
|
adenylate cyclase activity
|
Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. |
