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GO:0009987
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cellular process
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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
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GO:0051179
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localization
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Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. |
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GO:0008150
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biological_process
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A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. |
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GO:0022857
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transmembrane transporter activity
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Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. |
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GO:0005215
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transporter activity
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Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells. |
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GO:0003674
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molecular_function
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A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. |
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GO:0051234
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establishment of localization
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Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. |
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GO:0006810
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transport
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The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein. |
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GO:0006811
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monoatomic ion transport
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The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. |
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GO:0034220
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monoatomic ion transmembrane transport
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A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. |
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GO:0055085
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transmembrane transport
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The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. |
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GO:0015075
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monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity
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Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other. |
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GO:0005575
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cellular_component
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A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). |
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GO:0110165
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cellular anatomical structure
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A part of a cellular organism consisting of a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Note that cellular organisms exclude viruses. |
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GO:0065007
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biological regulation
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Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. |
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GO:0071944
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cell periphery
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The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. |
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GO:0016020
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membrane
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A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. |
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GO:0005886
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plasma membrane
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The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
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GO:0015267
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channel activity
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Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules. |
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GO:0022803
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passive transmembrane transporter activity
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Enables the transfer of a single solute from one side of a membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged. |
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GO:0065008
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regulation of biological quality
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Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. |
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GO:0042391
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regulation of membrane potential
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Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
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GO:0098590
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plasma membrane region
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A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0097060
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synaptic membrane
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A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. |
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GO:0045202
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synapse
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The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
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GO:0030054
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cell junction
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A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. |
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GO:0015276
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ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
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Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. |
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GO:0005216
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monoatomic ion channel activity
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Enables the facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size). |
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GO:0022836
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gated channel activity
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Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus. |
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GO:0022834
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ligand-gated channel activity
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Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. |
