WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0003850

• Definition: Neuron class of one ventral cord interneuron, few synapses.
• Name: AVG
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0003850
• Synonym: lineage name: ABprpapppap

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree ABprpapppap	ABprpapppap nucleus		WBbt:0001699

5 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts uniquely expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_enriched
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in AVG according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:AVG
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 131_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:131_0
	Transcripts enriched in AVG according to single cell RNAseq.	Genes that pass the Bonferroni threshold for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05) are significantly enriched.	WBPaper00061651:AVG_enriched

87 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr15619

• Primary Identifier: Expr15558

• Primary Identifier: Expr15567

• Primary Identifier: Expr15571

• Primary Identifier: Expr15572

• Primary Identifier: Expr15573

• Primary Identifier: Expr15579

• Primary Identifier: Expr15586

• Primary Identifier: Expr15651

• Primary Identifier: Expr15652

• Primary Identifier: Expr15589

• Primary Identifier: Expr13158

• Primary Identifier: Expr15591

• Primary Identifier: Expr12196
• Pattern: To determine where lite-1 is expressed and identify likely sites of lite-1 function, the authors generated and examined worms carrying one of four transgenes derived from the wild-type lite-1 locus: a genomic fragment (lite-1 genomic), a transcriptional fusion (lite-1prom::gfp), a C-terminal translational fusion (lite-1prom::lite-1::gfp), and an N-terminal translational fusion (lite-1prom::gfp::lite-1). GFP expression was observed in a total of 29 cells: pharyngeal neurons M1, M4, M5, and MI; non-pharyngeal neurons ASK, ADL, ASI, ASH, AVG, AVB, RIM, ADF, PHA, PHB, and PVT; and non-neuronal cells Hyp3 (hypoderm), AMso (amphid socket cells), and PHso (phasmid socket cells). AVB was observed only with the C-terminal fusion transgene, and RIM and ADF were observed only with the transcriptional fusion transgene. lite-1 expression in AVG and PVT was previously reported.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15598

• Primary Identifier: Expr8850
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Neuronal Expression: AVA, AVB, AVE, PVC, AIB, AUA, AVG, RIB, RIC, SAA, SIA, SIB, RIF, RIM, RMD, RME, SMD, DA, DB, VA, VB, M5, NSM, MC, I3, MI?. Non-neuronal Expression: rectal epithelium, body wall muscle, spermethecae, vulva muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15604

• Primary Identifier: Expr15608

• Primary Identifier: Expr15611

• Primary Identifier: Expr249
• Pattern: AVG AVJ DVC PVC PVQ RIG RIS RMD RMEL/R SMD URY [Nature 378:82]

• Primary Identifier: Expr14671
• Pattern: The lin-11-int3p::GFP (pGLC59) transgenic lines that contain the entire intron 3 sequence showed GFP reporter expression in seven neurons at the larval stage L4. These include two sensory neurons (ADL and ADF), four interneurons (AVJ, RIC, AIZ, and RIF) and one pioneer interneuron (AVG). Expression was also detected in embryos. Because some of the lin-11 neurons are specified in the embryo, lin-11::GFP was expected to be expressed in these neurons during their specification. Consistent with this, GFP fluorescence was observed as early as in the pre-gastrula stage in the presumptive head and tail regions. By the 3-fold embryonic stage, fluorescence could be seen in neuronal cells in the anterior region. GFP fluorescence in ADL, ADF and AVJ was very strong and observed in almost all animals. Fluorescence was less frequently observed in RIC and AIZ and was rarely seen in RIF and AVG.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14672
• Pattern: Intron 7-driven GFP reporter fluorescence was first detected in two head neurons in post-gastrulating embryos; based on reporter gene expression, one of those neurons is likely to be AVG. The identification of this neuron as AVG in larval stages was confirmed by co-localization with two reporters, glr-1::DsRed and odr-2::DsRed (Chou et al., 2001; Maricq et al., 1995). The other unidentified cell had variable fluorescence. Fluorescence in lin-11-int-7p::GFP animals persisted in both neurons throughout the larval stages, but the intensity decreased with time. Adults showed faint expression mostly in AVG.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12087
• Pattern: GFP expression is detectable in comma stage embryos with strongest expression in the tail region. The distinct subcellular localization makes it difficult to confirm cell identities, but overall expression is comparable to the plr-1::GFP promoter construct. Postembryonical GFP expression in the head region seems restricted to some neurons and the posterior region of the pharynx. Expression was not readily detectable in hypodermal or body wall muscle cells with this construct postembryonically. Expression of the PLR-1::GFP fusion protein, however, is detectable in the AVG neuron and also in the excretory cell. This suggests that the promoter construct lacks some control elements. Since the GFP expression of the fusion protein is significantly lower than the expression of the promoter construct, it is possible that low levels of expression in tissues and cells expressing the plr-1::GFP transcriptional reporter remain undetectable.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14117
• Pattern: Several head sensory neurons (ASI, ASH, ASJ), one neuron pair in ventral ganglion, AVG, ALN, PLN, pharynx

• Primary Identifier: Expr7632
• Remark: Clone: pUL#JRH/AH7
• Pattern: Expression is seen in 2 nerve cells in the head and 5 in the tail. The expression is very specific, late embryo to adult. Expressing nerve cells may be AVG, M5, PVT and 4 of PVCL/R, PVNL/R, PVQL/R.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9959
• Pattern: PDF-2::GFP signals could be observed throughout post-embryonic life. The PDF-2::GFP-expressing cells were identified as the interneurons BDUL/R, AVG, AIML/R, RIS, AVD and PVT, the chemosensory neuron pairs PHA and PHB, the motor neurons RID and RIML/R, the sensory neurons AQR and PQR, and less frequently in the PVPL/R interneurons. Outside the nervous system, strong expression was observed in rectal gland cells rectD and rectVL/R, the intestino-rectal valve cells virL/R and three posterior arcade cells in the head. Weak GFP fluorescence could also be observed in four additional head neurons that could not be unequivocally identified. GFP fluorescence was visible in neuronal cell bodies, axons and dendrites.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15648

• Primary Identifier: Expr8786
• Remark: Picture: Fig 6.
• Pattern: Apart from cells in the neuroblast lineage that generate ASE, nhr-67::mCherry was expressed in multiple other neuroblast lineages in the developing embryo. Expression was usually observed in the grandmother or mother of a neuron, but not earlier. Within the ASEL and ASER-generating lineage branches, nhr-67 was expressed in neuroblasts that generate closely or distantly related cousins of ASEL and ASER. For example, the sister neuroblast of the ASE-generating neuroblast creates the AUA and ASJ neurons and it expressed nhr-67. The cousin of the ASE-mother cell generates the AWB and ADF sensory neurons. nhr-67 was expressed in these cells. In late stage embryos, a few other, postmitotic neurons started to express nhr-67. Embryonic nhr-67 expression was not restricted to the nervous system, but was observed in a small subset of mesodermal and hypodermal cells. No expression was detected in endodermal cells or the germ line. nhr-67 was expressed in the excretory canal cell. Postembryonically, nhr-67 expression persisted only in a few neurons in the head ganglia until the first larval stage and faded shortly thereafter in most, but not all, of these neurons, with expression persisting through adulthood only in the CEPD/V, RMED/V, AVL and RIS neurons. During mid-larval development, nhr-67 was transiently and dynamically expressed in the AC cells of the vulva. Expression was also found in the VU cells and somatic gonad, but not in vulA, vulB or vulC. Within the ASEL/R generating lineages, nhr-67::mCherry was first observed in the grandmother cells of ASEL and ASER. Transgenic animals that co-express a functional nhr-67::mCherry reporter and a functional che-1::yfp reporter revealed that nhr-67 precedes che-1 expression. nhr-67 expression was maintained in the ASEL and ASER neurons until the first larval stage after which it became undetectable, whereas che-1 expression was maintained throughout the life of the animal. In spite of its genetically deduced role in asymmetric gene expression in ASEL and ASER, nhr-67 expression is bilaterally symmetric in ASEL and ASER.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12717

• Primary Identifier: Expr11224
• Remark: At 335 minutes post fertilization.
• Pattern: efn-2 expression showed widespread left-right asymmetry inembryos, both in amphid neurons and in other cells.

11 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The whole period of embryogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, from the formation of an egg until hatching.		embryo Ce	WBls:0000003
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo.		fully-elongated embryo Ce	WBls:0000021
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over.		elongating embryo Ce	WBls:0000015
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing.		enclosing embryo Ce	WBls:0000013
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 0-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 560 cells. From start of first cleavage until cleavage is over.		proliferating embryo Ce	WBls:0000004
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo.		comma embryo Ce	WBls:0000017
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo.		2-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000019
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage.		3-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000020
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo.		1.5-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000018
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage.		bean embryo Ce	WBls:0000016
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 210-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage before the fast cleavage of cells finishes.		late cleavage stage embryo Ce	WBls:0000014

3 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
	interneuron		WBbt:0005113
embryonic cell	ABprpapppa		WBbt:0005972
neuron whose cell body is in the retrovesicular ganglion.	retrovesicular ganglion neuron	retrovesicular ganglion	WBbt:0005403