WormMine: ExpressionPattern Expr2646

• Pattern: In larvae and young adults, SKN-1 GFP was usually present at very low levels in intestinal nuclei. SKN-1 GFP was readily detectable in the ASI neurons, but not in other cells in the head. In late-stage embryos, SKN-1 GFP was also present in intestinal nuclei but not in the hypodermis. Nuclear SKN-1 GFP was uniformly detected in intestinal precursors beginning at the 50100-cell stage, then in both the intestine and hypodermis.
• Primary Identifier: Expr2646
• Remark: Gene_regulation: A promoter fusion transgene in which only the SKN-1 N terminus was linked to GFP (SknPro GFP) was constitutively expressed at high levels in all intestinal cells, suggesting that SKN-1 expression or localization might also be regulated posttranscriptionally by oxidative stress. Gene_regulation: After exposure to either paraquat or heat, neither the location nor intensity of SKN-1 GFP was detectably altered in the ASI neurons, but in a high percentage of animals, elevated levels of SKN-1 GFP appeared in intestinal cell nuclei, particularly anteriorly and posteriorly, where GCS-1 GFP is most robustly expressed. SKN-1 GFP accumulated in intestinal nuclei within 5 min after treatment with 50 mM sodium azide, which induces oxidative stress by blocking mitochondrial electron transport.
• Reporter Gene: [skn-1::gfp] translational fusion. skn-1 gfp promoter fusion construct (SknPro GFP) was created by ligating GFP vector pPD95.67 and a PCR-amplified 2.1-kb clone containing the promoter region and 38 amino acids from the first ATG codon of the skn-1 gene from cosmid T19E7. To generate the SKN-1 GFP translational fusion construct, the 5.7-kb EcoRI DNA fragment that rescues the maternal skn-1 phenotype and encodes the 533-amino-acid SKN-1 protein was amplified from cosmid B0547. A ClaI site was created immediately 3' to the SKN-1 C terminus by the QuikChange method (Stratagene), which was used for all site-directed mutagenesis. This EcoRI fragment was subcloned into pUC18, which contained the upstream 1.3-kb SphIEcoRI fragment from SknPro GFP. A 0.8-kb ClaI fragment that contained the GFP open reading frame (amplified from plasmid pPD114.35) was then cloned into the ClaI site to generate an in-frame exon fusion of GFP to the SKN-1 C terminus.
• Subcellular Localization: nuclei

4 Anatomy Terms

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
A chain of very large cuboidal cells forming a wide central lumen in which food arrives from the posterior pharynx, is digested, and from which waste products proceed to the rectum. Intestinal rings form in groups of two and four cells surrounding the common lumen; thus the epithelium is only one cell deep at any point, with neighboring cells firmly secured to their neighbors by apical adherens junctions. These cells have very large nuclei and many large vacuoles, yolk granules, and other inclusions; the latter increase in number and electron density as the animal ages.	intestine	gut	WBbt:0005772
Epidermal layer.	hypodermis	epidermis	WBbt:0005733
one member of amphid neurons, single ciliated ending, probably chemo-sensory; project into ring via commissure from ventral ganglion, make diverse synaptic connections in ring neuropil	ASIL	lineage name: ABplaapapppa	WBbt:0003888
one member of Amphid neurons, single ciliated endings, probably chemo-sensory; project into ring via commissure from ventral ganglion, make diverse synaptic connections in ring neuropil	ASIR	lineage name: ABpraapapppa	WBbt:0003887

1 Genes

WormBase Gene ID	Gene Name	Sequence Name	Organism
WBGene00004804	skn-1	T19E7.2	Caenorhabditis elegans

9 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The stage that begins when a C.elegans individual is fully-developed and has reached maturity.		adult Ce	WBls:0000041
	The third stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 32.5-40 hours after fertilization, 18.5-26 hours after hatch.		L3 larva Ce	WBls:0000035
	The second stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 25.5-32.5 hours after fertilization, 11.5-18.5 hours after hatch.		L2 larva Ce	WBls:0000027
	The fourth stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 40-49.5 hours after fertilization, 26-35.5 hours after hatch.		L4 larva Ce	WBls:0000038
	The first stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 14-25.5 hours after fertilization, 0-11.5 hours after hatch.		L1 larva Ce	WBls:0000024
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo.		fully-elongated embryo Ce	WBls:0000021
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over.		elongating embryo Ce	WBls:0000015
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing.		enclosing embryo Ce	WBls:0000013
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 100-290min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 28 cells to 421 cells. Referring to the whole period of gastrulation.		gastrulating embryo Ce	WBls:0000010