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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8851
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Neuronal Expression: labial sensory, CAN, phasmid sheath, a few head neurons. Non-neuronal Expression: seam cells, pharyngeal marginal and muscle cells, arcade cells. |
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All of the reporter constructs produced the same cell-specific expression pattern as transgenes. |
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Expr1438
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The reporter transgenes express ubiquitously in the early embryo starting at about the 100 cell stage during gastrulation. In late embryogenesis and posthatching, expression is more limited. Strongest expression is observed in migrating cells and growing neurons as these cells undergo movements on the epidermis. At hatching, the reporters express in many neurons throughout the animal, in several cells of the pharynx including some pharyngeal neurons, in the elongated processes of the excretory cells, in the amphid and phasmid sheath and socket cells, in the tail hypodermis, and at later stages in intestine, muscles, vulva, and somatic gonad including the gonad sheath and hermaphrodite distal tip cells. The neurons expressing unc-73 include the PLM, ALM, PDE, HSN, CAN, PHC, and PVN neurons and the ventral cord motorneurons. Expression in the HSNs is absent in early larval stages, but begins late in the second larval stage (L2), precisely when axon outgrowth is initiated from the HSN cell bodies. The Q neuroblasts, Pn neuroectoblasts, sex myoblasts (SMs), and canal associated neurons (CANs) express unc-73 reporters. The left and right Q cells begin to express the GFP reporter as they initiate their migrations along the longitudinal axis of the epidermis during the early first larval (L1) stage, and expression in these cells continues beyond the completion of their first division. The unc-73 reporters express in the Pn cells just before this second phase of movemen. The distal tip cells also express the unc-73/reporters during their migration. |
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Picture: Figure 3. |
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Expr8171
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Cells with neuronal-like processes were visible immediately after the embryonic stage and remained through the life of the worm. GFP-positive cells were visible in the head anterior and posterior ganglia, which contain most of the C. elegans neurons as well as other associated cells. GFP-positive neuronal-like processes were also found in the nerve ring encircling the isthmus of the pharynx. Whether the GFP-positive cells were indeed neurons could not be determined solely on their localization. However, the finding of GFP-positive processes in the nerve ring suggested that at least some neurons were expressing T27A3.1. When a shorter promoter region, only 2 kb of genomic DNA upstream from the start codon of T27A3.1a, was used to drive the expression of GFP, a similar expression pattern was seen; however, fewer GFP-expressing neurons were visible. This data suggest that the larger 4-kb promoter region contains regulatory elements necessary for specific neuronal expression that are not contained within the smaller 2-kb promoter segment. Each transgenic line displayed similar expression patterns. GFP expression was visible late in embryogenesis but before morphogenesis and continued through the larval stages into adulthood. In adults, expression was found in a variety of cell types: GFP was found in the cells of the pharynx, in the epithelial cells of the intestine, in the seam cells that line the sides of the worm, in cells of the vulval region, in the somatic gonads, and in cells of the tail region. In males, GFP expression was found in the bilateral sensory rays and in the spicules. In the pharyngeal bulbs, the morphology and striated appearance of GFP-positive cells is consistent with muscle cell characteristics. In the vulval region, the GFP-positive cells did not appear to be neurons or muscle cells, and their identity remains unclear. In the gonads, GFP expression was visible in the distal tip cell (DTC), as well as in the distal sheath cell pair 1 that can be identified by its fish-net-like appearance. In the tail, GFP-positive cells most likely include the rectal gland cells, the rectum epithelial cells, and phasmid sheath cells (Phsh) and socket cells (Phso1 and 2). |
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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8677
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades. Weak or rare expression in pm2, pm3, pm4, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, mc1, g1, g2, rectal gland cells, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, AVK, DVC (early larva), PVR, SIB (early larva), URB, I3. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in gonad sheath, uterus, vulval muscle. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulva. Neuronal expression of inx-9 appears around three-fold stage. The rectal gland expresses inx-9 during early larval stages. inx-9 is expressed in adult hermaphrodite sex muscles. inx-9 was expressed at high levels in arcade cells starting around two-fold stage continuing throughout development and adulthood. |
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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8694
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in M5, I1, I3, I6, NSM. Weak or rare expression in posterior arcades. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, ADA, ADE, ADL, AIN, AIY, ALM, AUA, AVA, AVD, AVH, AVJ, AVK, AVM, AWB, BDU, CAN, CEP, DAn, DBn, DDn, DVB, DVC, FLP, HSN, IL1, IL2, LUA, OLL, PDA, PDB, PDE, PHA, PHB, PHC, PLM, PLN, PVC, PVD, PVM, PVN, PVP, PVQ, PVR, PVT, PVW, RIB, RIC, RIF, RIP, RIS, RME, SDQ, SIA (early larva), SIB (early larva), SMB (early larva), SMD (early larva), URA, URB, VAn, VBn, VCn, VDn, M5, I1, I6, NSM. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle, HSN, VCn. In developing larva stage, expressed in HSN, VCn, and anchor cell. |
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Expr2276
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Neuronal expression. In the L1 stage cog-1::gfp is expressed in amphid neurons ADL(L/R), ASE(L/R), and ASJ(L/R). One additional pair of head neurons expresses cog-1::gfp in the L1. This pair is located between the excretory cell and the excretory pore, and is probably either AIA(L/R), SMBD(L/R), SIAD(L/R), or SIAV(L/R). In the tail, phasmid neurons PHB(L/R) express cog-1::gfp. The expression in amphid and phasmid neurons persists to the adult. Additional unidentified cells in the preanal ganglion express cog-1::gfp in late larvae and adults. Other cells in the tail region. The sphincter muscle (mu_sph) and phasmid sheath cells (PHshL, PHshR) express cog-1::gfp in all stages examined. Uterine expression. In the hermaphrodite gonad, cog-1::gfp is expressed exclusively in the dorsal uterine lineage. During the L3 stage, GFP is in the central four great-granddaughters of DU cells (DE4/DE5; DE, dorsal eight). The expression apparently persists in DE4/DE5 descendants, du, uv2, and uv3, until the adult stage, DE2 and DE7 lineages in the dorsal uterus also express cog-1::gfp starting from the early L4 stage. In the late L4, cog-1::gfp in this region is observed exclusively in sujc cells. Each core is surrounded by the spermathecaluterine valve and appears to form a plug which blocks the uterine lumen from the spermathecal lumen. None of the cog-1::gfp fusions, including the rescuing construct, was ever observed to express in any ventral uterine cells, including the anchor cell. Thus, the function of cog-1 in the connection is believed to be a consequence of abnormal gene regulation in the vulva, although a function in the dorsal uterine cells have not been ruled out. Vulval expression. In the vulva, cog-1::gfp is expressed from early L4 to the adult. Cells that express are vulC [P5.ppa(l/r), P7.pap(l/r)], vulD (P5.ppp, P7.paa), vulE(P6.pppl, P6.pppr, P6.paal, P6.paar), and vulF (P6.ppal, P6.ppar, P6.papl, P6.papr). The expression is considerably brighter in vulC and vulD than in vulE and vulF. Occasionally, expression in vulB and vulA was observed. Male expression. The expression of cog-1::gfp in the male was scored mostly in animals containing an extrachromosomal array containing the SmaI insertion. cog-1::gfp is expressed during proctodeal development. eL.aav and eR.aav express cog-1. In addition, proctodeal cells B.pap and B.pppa express cog-1::gfp. Additional expressing cells observed in occasional males include: rep, and P11.pp progeny. No gonadal cells in the male, including the linker cell, expressed cog-1::gfp in any stage of development. |
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An independently isolated integrant (saIs11) carrying a construct without the NLS expressed GFP in the intestine and small cells in the head and tail regions. The authors noted that these small cells could not be identified reliably. |
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Expr967
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GFP fluorescence was observed from the embryo to the adult in a complex and dynamic pattern. Cells that consistently expressed DAF-14::GFP included intestinal cells, lateral hypodermal cells, the anal sphincter muscle, phasmid sheath cells, neurons in the lateral ganglia, the excretory duct cell, and several small cells anterior of the nerve ring that were not identified. In the lateral ganglia, expression was prominent in only a subset of neurons. In particular, strongest expression was often seen in an unidentified interneuron pair in the vicinity of AVJ and RIV. |
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Expr3510
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Pdaf-6GFP was expressed in the amphid sheath glia. Expression was also seen in amphid socket cells, the phasmid sensory organ sheath and socket cells, cells of the excretory system (the excretory canal, duct, pore, and gland cells), the vulval E and F cells, the K, K', F, and U rectal epithelial cells, and less frequently in posterior intestinal cells. |
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Expr3511
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In the amphid, DAF-6::GFP fusion protein expression usually persisted only up to the L1 larval stage, and the protein localized to the region of the amphid channel formed by the sheath and socket cells. DAF-6::GFP also localized to the luminal surfaces of tubes generated by other cells expressing daf-6. As in the amphid, expression in the phasmid sheath and socket cells usually did not persist beyond the L1 larval stage. Expression in vulval cells was usually restricted to the L4 larval stage, after the cells were generated and during or shortly after the vulval lumen was generated. Expression in the rectum and excretory system was observed throughout embryogenesis and larval development, but usually not during adulthood. DAF-6::GFP protein was detected in punctate structures within the cytoplasm of expressing cells. This localization was best seen in the vulva and in the excretory canal cell. Thus, DAF-6 may localize to vesicles as well. |
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Expr9934
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The ztf-16 promoter::gfp construct including a region -4637 to -2536 of the ztf-16 promoter relative to the +1 translation start site gives strong, specific expression in AMsh and PHsh glia, AMso and PHso socket glia, and in an unidentified pair of neurons in the head. By contrast, a 2.5 kb region immediately adjacent to the ztf-16 start codon is expressed in hypodermal and other cell types, but not in glia (data not shown). |
Localization of a ZTF-16::GFP fusion protein to the nucleus of the AMsh glia when expressed under a glia-specific promoter (nsEx1347). |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8927
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Expressed in excretory cell, AMsh and PHsh. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8681
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Arcade cells are seen to express inx-13 at high levels starting around two-fold stage continuing throughout development and adulthood. inx-13 is expressed in the hypodermal cells of the animal in postembryonic stages. Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in M1, M2. Weak or rare expression in intestine, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: Amsh, CEPsh, CEPso, ILsh, ILso, OLsh, OLso, Phsh, CAN, DVA, DVB, DVC, LUA, PHA, PHB, PLN, PVC, PVQ, PVR, M1, M2. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in spermatheca, sp-ut valve. |
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Expr1426
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CED-7 was widely expressed in embryos and was localized to the plasma membrane. In larvae and adults, CED-7 expression appeared restricted to specific cells. Specifically, CED-7 was detected in the amphid sheath cells, the pharyngeal-intestinal valve, and the phasmid sheath cells. CED-7 expression was also detected in both germline precursors and germline, except sperm in larvae and adults, respectively. |
CED-7 was localized to the plasma membrane |
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See Expr593, and Expr594 for expression patterns for the same locus. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr595
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Earliest staining against antipeptide antibodies was in embryo 430 mins after first cleavage that had elongated about 1.5-fold. Staining persists throughout development in the sheath cells of amphids and phasmids. At L2, the 16 sheath cells of anterior sensilla localized at the tip of the head area are detected by antibody against extracellular domains of ADM-1. Antibody against peptides bp2 and bp3 show syncytial hypodermis, vulva and mature sperm. |
Staining in sperm, between embryonic cells, in the sheath cells and in the hypodermis appear to be associated with intracellular membranes and the plasma membrane. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8912
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Expressed in anterior intestine (most cells), major hypodermis, CEPsh, AMsh, PHsh. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8923
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Expressed in all intestinal cells (weak), major hypodermis, uterus, vulva epithelium, AMsh, arcade cells and PHsh. |
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