WormMine: ExpressionPattern Expr15103

• Pattern: The epidermis was the first epithelium to express dlg-1 mRNA. It was initially detected at the late 4E stage but with no detectableDLG-1 protein. The level of dlg-1 mRNA increased during the 8E stage and was maintained throughout the 16E and elongation stages (comma, 1.5-fold). DLG-1 protein was first observed during the late 8E stage, with puncta of protein visible on the membrane of nascent epidermal cells. These puncta began to coalesce at the early 16E stage and formed a continuous, circumferential junction by the mid-16E stage. The level of DLG-1 increased during the elongation stages (comma, 1.5-fold), as the cells changed shape to convert the embryo from a ball into a vermiform.The digestive tract began to express dlg-1 mRNA at the 8E stage, and, similar to the epidermis, the levels of RNA increased throughout the 8E and 16E stages. DLG-1 protein was first observed in midgut precursors at the early 16E stage, where puncta of protein appeared at the lateral surface and rapidly coalesced at the apical surface, in agreement with previous studies (Leung et al., 1999; Totong et al., 2007; Achilleos et al., 2010). By the mid-16E stage (20-40 min later), the puncta of DLG-1 had banded together to form cell junctions, which continued to expand and mature as the embryo elongated (comma, 1.5-fold stages). The RNA remained expressed in the intestine throughout all of these stages. In the foregut, DLG-1 protein was first detectable by the mid-16E stage, suggesting that translation of dlg-1 mRNA was delayed in this tissue by 20-40 min. We observed membrane-associated DLG-1 puncta on cell surfaces throughout the foregut at the 16E stage. These spots accumulated at the nascent apical surface by the bean stage, where they joined together to form connected junctions by the comma stage. The RNA remained expressed throughout these stages. The arcade cells are born during the mid-16E stage, starting 290 min after the first division (Sulston et al., 1983). The majority of these cells are anterior to the foregut primordium and express dlg-1 mRNA from birth. DLG-1 protein accumulated 100 min later in the arcades, after the epidermis and foregut had both formed epithelia and soon before the arcade cells became an epithelium (i.e., between the comma and 1.25-fold stage, 390-400 min after the first division; Portereiko and Mango, 2001; Portereiko et al., 2004). The presence of RNA but lack of protein was detectable by the 16E stage but was clearest at the comma stage, when the arcade cells clustered together as a group anterior to the foregut epithelium. Thus there was a delay in protein accumulation, suggesting that either the RNA was translationally repressed or protein was made but degraded immediately.
• Primary Identifier: Expr15103

3 Anatomy Terms

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
A chain of very large cuboidal cells forming a wide central lumen in which food arrives from the posterior pharynx, is digested, and from which waste products proceed to the rectum. Intestinal rings form in groups of two and four cells surrounding the common lumen; thus the epithelium is only one cell deep at any point, with neighboring cells firmly secured to their neighbors by apical adherens junctions. These cells have very large nuclei and many large vacuoles, yolk granules, and other inclusions; the latter increase in number and electron density as the animal ages.	intestine	gut	WBbt:0005772
Epidermal layer.	hypodermis	epidermis	WBbt:0005733
Interfacial (hypodermal) cells which connect the hypodermal epithelium of the lips to the pharyngeal epithelium, firmly binding the inner tissue (the pharynx) to the outer bodywall (the hypodermis).	arcade cell		WBbt:0005793

1 Genes

WormBase Gene ID	Gene Name	Sequence Name	Organism
WBGene00001006	dlg-1	C25F6.2	Caenorhabditis elegans

5 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing.		enclosing embryo Ce	WBls:0000013
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 100-290min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 28 cells to 421 cells. Referring to the whole period of gastrulation.		gastrulating embryo Ce	WBls:0000010
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo.		comma embryo Ce	WBls:0000017
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo.		1.5-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000018
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage.		bean embryo Ce	WBls:0000016