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Picture: Figure 5. |
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Expr4837
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Fluorescence started to be visible in two cells of young embryos at around the 64 AB cell stage. Towards the end of gastrulation expression was visible in about 40 cells throughout the embryo including neuronal precursors, ventral hypodermal cells, and pharyngeal precursor cells. At the 1 to 2 fold stages fluorescence was observed in IL1 neurons (the identity was determined post-embryonically), the nine buccal epidermal cells, and additional cells in the head, most likely arcade cells. Transient expression was also observed in embryonic motoneurons (no longer visible in 3 fold stage embryos) and in a few apoptotic cells in the head. Based on their position they could be the sister cells of some of the IL1 neurons, which are known to undergo programmed cell death at this developmental stage. At the 3 fold stage expression was restricted to the buccal epidermal cells, most of the arcade cells (3 anterior and the DL and DR posterior arcade cells), and the six IL1 neurons. The two lateral IL1 neurons expressed the marker only weakly also in the L1 larval stage (but not later during development), whereas the dorsal and ventral IL1 neurons expressed GFP strongly throughout all larval stages and in the adults. Starting from the L1 larval stage expression could also be observed in the posterior cells of the gut. Starting from the L2 stage, when gonad development and migration begins, fluorescence became also visible in the distal tip cells of the gonad. |
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Picture: Fig. 1, A and C; Table 1. |
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Expr8268
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Expression of SHL-1 was observed in posterior intestine, body wall muscle, vulval muscle, male-specific diagonal muscles, and a variety of motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons. |
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Expr12260
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GLB-33 is exclusively expressed in the nervous system. The GLB-33 protein was present in a large number of neurons in the head and tail region, the nerve ring, the ventral and dorsal nerve cord, and several lateral nerve cords. However, despite its wide expression in the nervous system, GLB-33 did not seem to be expressed in any of the amphid, cephalic, labial, or phasmid sensory neurons; the typical expression pattern for these neurons was not observed, nor was any overlap seen between GFP-expression and DiI-staining, a compound that selectively stained several amphid and phasmid neurons. This indicates that GLB- 33 is expressed in motor- or interneurons, which are involved in locomotory behaviour or information processing, and not in neurons that sense environmental cues. |
The expression pattern of the reporter was in line with the membrane bound localization of the receptor. The membrane localization of GLB- 33 was confirmed by the transfection of glb-33-gfp in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. |
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Expr9190
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cpx-1 expression was observed in a large number of neurons in the head, ventral cord, and tail, including all cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons in the ventral cord. |
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Expr13443
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In transgenic worms, hrpu-2::GFP signal was observed in a variety of cell types, including motor neurons and many other neurons (such as nerve ring neurons and ventral nerve cord neurons), body-wall muscle cells, pharyngeal muscle cells, and intestinal cells. In determining the colocalization of HRPU-2 and SLO-2, we observed that both transgenes are expressed in body-wall muscle cells and many neurons, including the VA5 and VD5 motor neurons used for electrophysiological recordings, although their expression patterns differ in some tissues such as pharyngeal muscles. |
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Expr13357
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Peel-1::GFP was observed in non-neuronal tissue (pharynx, intestine, and vulva) and was strongly expressed in neurons, including numerous neurons in the head, motor neurons, mechanosensory neurons, HSN neurons, and tail neurons. GFP was detected in cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. No expression was observed in muscle. |
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Expr14945
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We examined functional transgenes of full-length DCAP-1 or CGH-1 expressed under their respective promoters and observed expression in many neurons including TRNs and motor neurons, localizing to cytoplasmic puncta in neuronal cell bodies. |
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Expr15530
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6 reporter lines (nep-21, D2007.2, dmsr-2, ncs-2, npr-29, drn-1) show strong expression in ventral nerve cord motorneurons. |
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Picture: Fig. 3c, Fig S4a, to S4c. |
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Expr9156
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grld-1 was expressed in many cell types, including, muscles, epithelial cells and neurons. Coexpressing mCherry under the opt-3 promoter, grld-1 was found expressed in AVE. grld-1 was also expressed in many of the neurons that are important for the nose-touch behavior, including the A-type motor neurons, the sensory neuron, ASH, and the glr-1expressing interneurons AVA and AVD. |
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Expr9183
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UEV-1 is broadly expressed in the pharynx, neurons, muscle cells, vulva, embryos, intestine, and in the anus/tail. We found strong expression in the distal tip cell. We also found expression in the motoneurons that line the ventral cord. |
We noted that the UEV-1::GFP chimeric protein is localized diffusely throughout the cytosol of most cells, but with some enrichment in the nucleus. |
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Expr11790
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The ppm-2 promoter is active in many neurons including those of the nerve ring, the motor neurons, and the mechanosensory neurons. ppm-2 promoter activity was also detected in gut, muscle, and pharynx. |
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Expr13546
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Few motor neurons in addition to many other muscle and hypodermal cells. |
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Picture: Figure 2B and 2C. |
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Expr7995
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Motor neurons in the ventral nerve cord, and sensory- and interneurons in the nerve ring and in the tail, were labelled. Expression was also observed in muscles and hypodermal cells. |
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Expr12145
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Fluorescence in the transcriptional dpy-18prom::GFP reporter strain was first detected at the bean stage of embryogenesis in hypodermis and muscle, and gfp continued to be expressed in these tissues, as well as in motor neurons and in other unidentified neurons, during embryonic development. Postembryonically, dpy-18prom::GFP is expressed in a similar pattern and is more expansive than observed previously (Hill et al., 2000). In young larvae, dpy-18prom::gfp is expressed in the hypodermis, in muscle, in a few unidentified neurons in the head and tail, and in motor neurons. |
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Expr14946
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We examined functional transgenes of full-length DCAP-1 or CGH-1 expressed under their respective promoters and observed expression in many neurons including TRNs and motor neurons, localizing to cytoplasmic puncta in neuronal cell bodies. |
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Expr13561
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hpk-1 is expressed broadly during embryogenesis, but becomes more restricted in expression during larval development. L3-stage larvae display robust expression of the GFP fusion in many head and motor neurons, and lower levels of expression in the intestine and the seam cells of the hypodermis. By late L4 stage, GFP expression is largely restricted to neurons, and is maintained in nerve cells of the head and nerve cord during adulthood, congruent with a previous study. |
Localization of HPK-1:: GFP protein is most concentrated in the nucleus often within distinct sub-nuclear sites. HPK-1 co-localizes with HSF-1 at the subcellular level. |
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Operon: CEOP5440 |
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Expr9442
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A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (2.9); not expressed in larva. Neuronal expression include: Weak in head and tail neurons, ventral cord. Also expressed in other cells: Pharynx, sheath cells, distal tip cell. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (1.9); expressed in larva. |
Sub-cellular localization within the body wall muscle: Muscle cell membrane +/- Muscle arms |
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Expr16053
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A functional transcriptional reporter for CKR-1 revealed strong expression in many neurons and weak expression in the intestine. In the nervous system, ckr-1 expresses in the head and ventral cord neurons. CKR-1-expressing neurons include head motor neurons SMD and RME , interneurons AIB and RIM, peptidergic neurons RIS, and body motor neurons A, B, and D. |
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Supplemental Table S4. |
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Expr10838
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Supplemental Table S4. |
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Expr10849
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Supplemental Table S4. |
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Expr10854
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Expr10864
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Expr10874
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INX-3 detected during very early stages of development is likely to be maternally derived, since INX-3::GFP expressed zygotically is first detected by anti-GFP antibodies at approximately the 28-cell stage. |
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Expr2546
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At the late first larval (L1) stage, INX-3 is present transiently in some newly generated cells. The postembryonic motor neurons, descendants of the Pn.a cells, express INX-3 briefly. INX-3 is also detected briefly in cells of the first two divisions of the M blast cell, coelomocytes, and sex muscles. By the comma stage, corresponding to early embryonic morphogenesis, INX-3 is still broadly expressed, but the pattern of expression becomes more restricted as morphogenesis proceeds. Because INX-3 is localized principally in puncta at plasma membranes, it is hard to assign expression unambiguously to individual cells; however, expression in major cell types or organs is clear. Double-labeling embryos with anti-INX-3 and MH27, a mAb that binds AJM-1 in apical epithelial intercellular junctions, indicated that, at the comma stage, INX-3 is localized to the developing intestine, pharynx, and hypodermis (epidermis), at minimum. During late morphogenesis, from the 3-fold stage until hatching, INX-3 is found principally in the posterior pharynx (isthmus and terminal bulb), at the anteriormost tip of the pharynx, in the region of the posterior intestine (probably intestinal muscles or rectal cells) and in the hypodermis. Expression in these tissues continues throughout development into adulthood with the exception of the hypodermis. Hypodermal expression is strong at the time of hatching, and INX-3 is present in plaques at the intercellular boundaries between most hypodermal cells except at the ventral midline between paired P cells; however, INX-3 becomes undetectable in the hypodermis shortly after hatching. INX-3 protein is first detected at the embryonic 2-cell stage. It is localized to small plaques at cellcell interfaces and can be detected throughout early embryogenesis in a pattern suggesting that most or all cells express inx-3. In adults, INX-3 is reduced such that only a few plaques are associated with vulval muscles. In the late L3 stage, INX-3 expression begins in the sex myoblasts (SMs). Expression continues in SM descendants so that all 16 sex muscles stain with anti-INX-3 in early L4 animals, confirming results obtained with an inx-3::gfp translational fusion gene. |
At embryonic 2-cell stage, localized to small plaques at cellcell interfaces. At the late first larval (L1) stage, INX-3 is present transiently in some newly generated cells, and in cells of the first two divisions of the M blast cell, coelomocytes, and sex muscles. INX-3 is readily detectable in the cytoplasm of these cells, as well as in cell-surface plaques. By the comma stage, INX-3 is localized principally in puncta at plasma membranes. At comma stage, within intestinal cells, whose large size allows easy visualization of subcellular location, INX-3 is localized to the basal portion of lateral membranes. |
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Expr11219
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As previously described, transgene expression was observed from embryo to adult in the pharynx and intestine. Clear expression was also observed in various neurons including sensory neurons, motor neurons, hermaphrodite specific neuron, and pharyngeal neurons (data not shown). |
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Picture: Figure 8. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr7970
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Expressed in all MNs, many head neurons, tail neurons. Also expressed in pharynx, head muscle, body wall muscle. |
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Picture: Figures 6A to 6D. |
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Expr8070
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nipi-3 is expressed in the epidermis, as well as in the pharynx and intestine, in a subset of head neurons and motoneurons, and in the PLM and CAN neurons. |
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Expr13901
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Prib-1::gfp is broadly expressed in ectodermal and mesodermal cells during embryogenesis. A salient feature of the rib-1 expression pattern is that it is very dynamic in hypodermal cells during development. In embryogenesis, Prib-1::gfp is detected along the entire layer of hypodermoblasts that surrounds the gastrulating embryo at about 200 minutes after fertilization. By the early comma stage of embryogenesis, Prib-1::gfp is expressed at high levels in hypodermal cells of the elongating embryo, including hypodermal cells extending ventrally during ventral closure and in the two rows of dorsal hypodermal cells undergoing dorsal intercalation. Following these embryonic morphogenetic events, expression of Prib-1::gfp in the hypodermal cells of the body wall is no longer visible during larval and adult stages, except for seam cells undergoing fusion during larval development. Also, hypodermal cells of the developing vulva express Prib-1::gfp, at a low expression level in L3 larvae and at a stronger level in L4 larvae and just molted young adults, and vanishing in vulval cells in the adult. The nervous and digestive systems express Prib-1::gfp stably and continuously from embryogenesis throughout adulthood. Strong and sustained expression is seen in motorneurons, interneurons, sensory neurons (including AVM), neurons in the head and tail ganglia, with the GFP signal filling axons running along the ventral and dorsal nerve cords, commissures, and sublaterals. Expression in neurons of the ventral nerve cord and of the head ganglia is visible in 1.5-, 2-, and 3-fold embryos, and persists into adulthood. Strong expression of Prib-1::gfp is also observed in the pharynx from the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis onwards and remained strong in adults (procorpus, metacorpus, terminal bulb, grinder, and pharyngeal-intestinal valve). The anal depressor, the anal sphincter, the two enteric muscles, the spermathecae and the uterine muscles maintain expression in adults. |
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Expr13915
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KGB-1::GFP demonstrated expression in the pharynx, intestine, body wall muscle, spermatheca, and sensory neurons, starting as early as the egg stage and continuing through adulthood (as previously reported, Gerke et al. 2014), and further revealed expression in the epidermis, vulva, and in what appear to be motor neurons. Localization of KGB-1 was prominent in intestinal and epidermal nuclei, in the apical membrane of intestinal cells, and along the muscle myofilaments. |
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Expr13962
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A previous study described kgb-1 expression from 1.77 Kb of its upstream sequence in the pharynx, intestine, body wall muscle, spermatheca, and sensory neurons, starting as early as the egg stage and continuing through adulthood (Gerke et al. 2014). A KGB-1::GFP fusion protein expressed from a 8.7 Kb of the kgb-1 genomic locus including 4.6 Kb of the kgb-1 upstream sequences and all introns demonstrated similar expression patterns and further revealed expression in the epidermis, vulva, and in what appear to be motor neurons. Localization of KGB-1 was prominent in intestinal and epidermal nuclei, in the apical membrane of intestinal cells, and along the muscle myofilaments. |
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