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Expr10739
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glp-1(2in_493) is expressed in several neuronal precursor including the P blast cells in embryos at the comma stage. After hatching, glp-1(2in_493) expression was detectable in various neurons throughout all larval stages. At the L1-L2 stages, GFP fluorescence was evident in the ventral nerve cord. During the L3-L4 stages, glp-1(2in_493) expression was present in most, if not all, ventral nerve cord neurons. In addition, several neurons in the head and tail regions expressed glp-1(2in_493). For example, most cells of the pharyngeal nerve ring, including certain amphid neurons such as ASK, ADL, ASI and ASH, displayed glp-1(2in_493) expression. Some neuronal cells from the tail, including the phasmid neuron PHB, were also glowing. |
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Expr13568
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ztf-6::gfp expression is first observed in late embryogenesis (threefold stage). In early larval stages, the ztf-6::gfp-expressing cells include head hypodermal cells, head muscle cells, neurons, and ectodermal blast cells along the body (all P and all V cells) and in the tail. Starting in the L2 stage, additional neurons in P cell-derived ventral cord motor neurons express ztf-6::gfp. Because of the postdeirid loss phenotype of ztf-6 mutants, we examined the postdeirid lineage in more detail. We observe ztf-6 expression in the V5 cell of freshly hatched L1 animals. Upon division of the V5 cell into a posterior and anterior daughter, we observe expression in both the anterior and posterior daughters of the V5 cell. The descendent of the posterior V5.p daughter, V5.pa (the founder of the postdeirid lineage), and V5.pp also continue to express ztf-6::gfp. Within the V5.pa lineage, expression of ztf-6::gfp is retained in the blast cells that generate the glial cells and the PDE and PVD neurons (v5.paaa, V5.papa, V5.paap, V5.papp). No expression is detected at later stages in this lineage. |
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Expr12390
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ttr-3::YFP is expressed in the P cell descendants, seam cells and hypodermal cells. |
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Expr12120
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Transgenic animals showed expression of GFP::FZR-1 in many somatic cells during larval development, at levels that varied in a cell type- and developmental stage-dependent manner. Initiation of cell cycle entry during larval development coincided with a substantial increase in nuclear GFP::FZR-1 (observed in ventral cord precursor cells, vulval precursor cells, intestinal cells and seam cells). |
Initiation of cell cycle entry during larval development coincided with a substantial increase in nuclear GFP::FZR-1 (observed in ventral cord precursor cells, vulval precursor cells, intestinal cells and seam cells). GFP::FZR-1 levels are high in actively cycling cells and decrease in cells arrested in G0/G1. |
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Expr14864
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We also used smFISH to examine the expression of cdh-4 and cdh-3. Consistent with transgenic reporter studies (Sundararajan et al., 2014), we observed cdh-4 mRNA spots in the Q neuroblasts, as well as a wide range of other cells, including the neighboring seam and P cells, ventral nerve cord neurons and cells in the head region. In contrast, we found that during the initial polarization and migration phase, cdh-3 was specifically expressed in the Q neuroblasts, with additional expression only in a few unidentified cells in the head. Similar to unc-40, there was no significant difference in expression between QL and QR. Moreover, for both cdh-3 and cdh-4, the expression level correlated with migration distance (cdh-3 QL, Spearman r = 0.5765, p < 0.0001, QR, Spearman r = -0.4838, p < 0.0004; cdh-4 QL, Spearman r = 0.3176, p < 0.03, QR, Spearman r = -0.5070, p < 0.0004), indicating that expression increases during polarization and migration. |
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Expr14865
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We also used smFISH to examine the expression of cdh-4 and cdh-3. Consistent with transgenic reporter studies (Sundararajan et al., 2014), we observed cdh-4 mRNA spots in the Q neuroblasts, as well as a wide range of other cells, including the neighboring seam and P cells, ventral nerve cord neurons and cells in the head region. In contrast, we found that during the initial polarization and migration phase, cdh-3 was specifically expressed in the Q neuroblasts, with additional expression only in a few unidentified cells in the head. Similar to unc-40, there was no significant difference in expression between QL and QR. Moreover, for both cdh-3 and cdh-4, the expression level correlated with migration distance (cdh-3 QL, Spearman r = 0.5765, p < 0.0001, QR, Spearman r = -0.4838, p < 0.0004; cdh-4 QL, Spearman r = 0.3176, p < 0.03, QR, Spearman r = -0.5070, p < 0.0004), indicating that expression increases during polarization and migration. |
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Expr16249
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PTR-18 and GRL-7 are temporally localized along the periphery of the apical membranes of hypodermal and P neuronal progenitor cells during late embryogenesis and are subsequently targeted to lysosomal degradation before hatching. PTR-18::GFP was first detected along the apical side of surface cells that cover the whole body, which consists of hypodermal, seam, and P cells at the 3-fold stage during embryogenesis. During the early time point, the majority of the 3-fold embryos initially showed apical localization of PTR-18::GFP. As development continued, the percentage of the apical localization decreased, the fraction that exhibited localization of PTR-18::GFP in the vesicular punctate structures increased, and eventually, most of the embryos did not show its expression. These observations indicate that PTR-18::GFP first localizes at the apical side of the hypodermal, seam, and P cells, subsequently accumulates in the vesicular structures, and eventually disappears before hatching. PTR-18::GFP was alsoexpressed in the descendants of P cells, rectal epithelial F, K, and U cells, and some seam cells in late L1 larvae. |
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Expr16250
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PTR-18 and GRL-7 are temporally localized along the periphery of the apical membranes of hypodermal and P neuronal progenitor cells during late embryogenesis and are subsequently targeted to lysosomal degradation before hatching. Similar to PTR-18::GFP, GRL-7::mCherry::3xFLAG was first detected in the 3-fold embryos GRL-7::mCherry::3xFLAG localized along the apical side of the surface cells that cover the whole body as well as in the intracellular structures of these cells. As observed for PTR-18::GFP, the majority of the GRL-7::mCherry::3xFLAG embryos initially showed an apical distribution. However, as the embryos neared hatching, internal, vesicular localization became predominant. GRL-7::mCherry exhibits striped patterns of localization, which likely shows annular furrows. |
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Expr16251
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GRL-5::mCherry::3xFLAG expressed from the fosmid-based reporter gene showed a spatiotemporal expression pattern similar to that of GRL-7::mCherry::3xFLAG [Expr16250]. |
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Expr15720
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Expression of both grl-5 and grl-7 gfp-pest reporter genes was readily detected in the hypodermis and P cells after hatching. In addition, these reporters sporadically show expression in seam cells. |
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Expr15721
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Expression of both grl-5 and grl-7 gfp-pest reporter genes was readily detected in the hypodermis and P cells after hatching. In addition, these reporters sporadically show expression in seam cells. |
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Expr11735
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pry-1(p)::YFP expression was seen in numerous cells in the embryo, and in the seam cells, P cells, VPC, and ventral cord neurons during all larval stages. |
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Feature : "ceh-13/lin-39_temp_I0" |
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Expr11422
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Region I0 drove expression in the ventral posterior coelomocytes and the two anterior inner longitudinal muscles of the male tail. |
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Expr12389
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B0454.5 is expressed in hypodermal cells and P cell descendants throughout larval life and in adults. |
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Expr12391
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Y43C5A.3::YFP is expressed in hypodermal cells and P cells. |
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Feature : "ceh-13/lin-39_temp_N3" |
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Expr11417
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Region N3 was expressed in the hypodermal hyp7 cells in the late embryo and early L1 larvae as well as in the V cells, P cells, and ventral nerve cord of the early L1 through L3 larvae. |
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Expr10737
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lin-12(1in_1408) displayed a highly differentiated, characteristic expression pattern in the VPC lineages. The expression was already evident in comma-stage embryos. Several glowing cells of different types were seen along the anteroposterior body axis at the twofold embryonic stage. At the L1 stage, lin-12(1in_1408) was expressed in all Pn.p cells. Some unidentified cells in the head and tail regions were also gfp-positive at this stage. By the early L2 stage, lin-12(1in_1408) expression remained strong only in the P(3-8).p cells. Unlike the other Pn.p cells, they remain unfused with the hypodermal syncytium, thereby retaining their competence to differentiate into a vulval cell type. After vulval induction at the early L3 stage, lin-12(1in_1408) was strongly expressed in P5.p and P7.p, the two VPCs that adopt 2nd vulval fates, but weakly detectable in the other VPCs, P(3-4,6,8).p. As shown earlier (Wilkinson and Greenwald, 1995; 276 Levitan and Greenwald, 1998), lin-12 expression remained on in the P5.p and P7.p granddaughters by the late L3 stage. In addition to the P5.p and P7.p descendants, we found obvious fluorescence in the daughters of other VPCs, and even in the P6.p granddaughters [the daughters of P(3,4,8).p fuse with the hypodermis]. Nevertheless, expression of lin-12(1in_1408) was constantly intense in the P5.p and P7.p lineages, as compared with other VPC lineages. At the L2 and early L3 stages, lin-12(1in_1408) is also expressed in the two AC/VU precursors. Later, when lin-12(1in_1408) expression became increased in P5.p and P7.p relative to the other VPCs, transgene activity was seen in the presumptive VU cell, but not in the AC. During the L4 stage, expression of lin-12(1in_1408) was gradually lost from the P6.p lineage; only the P(5,7).p descendants retained GFP fluorescence in the developing vulval tissue. It is worth to note that lin-12(1in_1408) was also active in certain hypodermal and intestinal cells throughout larval development, presumably due to background expression of the vector. In adult hermaphrodites, lin-12(1in_1408) expression could not be detected. The only exception was presented by a few unidentified cells in the posterior body part, probably due to background expression. |
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Expr10738
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At the comma stage embryo, faint lin-12(2in_490) fluorescence is detected in cells that are located ventrally along the anteroposterior body axis. These cells represent P blast precursors. At the L1-L2 stages, lin-12(2in_490) was abundantly expressed in the ventral nerve cord. Most, if not all, ventral nerve cord neurons expressed lin-12(2in_490), and both neurons and axonal bundles were glowing. These cells maintained a robust lin-12(2in_490) expression throughout larval development. |
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Feature : "ceh-13/lin-39_temp_N2" |
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Expr11416
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Region N2 was expressed in the ventral nerve cord during the L1 larval stage. Expression of region N2 was also seen in some P cells and in the neural precursor Q cells. |
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Expr11560
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Expressed in ventral cord neurons, sex myoblasts, P cells, vulval precursor cells; 2 head neurons. |
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Expr16518
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The cgef-1d reporter expressed GFP in larval P cells. However, the cgef-1a,c reporter did not express detectable GFP above background in larval P cells. Thus, cgef-1d appears to be the main isoform expressed in P-cells and it functions during nuclear migration in these cells. |
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Expr13171
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Both LMN-1 GFP fusion proteins localized to the periphery of nearly all nuclei in a pattern similar to anti-LMN-1 antibodies (Liu et al., 2000). However, LMN-1::GFP was significantly fainter than GFP::LMN-1. GFP::LMN-1 localized around the nuclear volume of P cells prior to and during nuclear migration. During nuclear migration, GFP::LMN-1 was visible around both the lateral and ventral volumes of the nucleus and in the constricted space. |
