|
|
|
Expr14682
|
We first show the localization of UNC-59 at the cleavage furrow (previously shown with antibody staining, (Nguyen et al. 2000)) during a time lapse of cell divisions in early 2- to 4-cell stages of embryogenesis and throughout embryogenesis (cleavage rings in older embryos. Septins are also important for gonad morphogenesis and distal tip cell (DTC) migration (Nguyen et al. 2000) where UNC-59 protein is detected throughout gonad development in the rachis (previously shown with endogenously tagged unc-59::mKate, (Priti et al. 2018)) and DTCs. We highlight UNC-59/Septin localization in the DTC (previously shown with a transgene, (Finger et al. 2003)) at the L2 and L3 stages where it is organized into bundles (DeMay et al. 2011) and ring structures. The two bilateral sex myoblast cells express UNC-59 during their posterior to anterior migration in the L2 and early L3 stage and continue to express UNC-59 in these cells as they differentiate into vulval muscles in the late L3 to early L4 stages. Lastly, we show UNC-59/Septin expression and localization in tissue not previously reported: in the pharynx (cells of the buccal cavity, anterior procorpus, and terminal bulb); in the seam cells, both in bundles and at the cleavage furrows, beginning in the L1 stage and continuing throughout development and into the adult; and in sperm surrounding an embryo that has exited the spermatheca. |
|
|
|
|
Expr12265
|
The localization of tetraThymosin-beta is shown in oocytes (in dissected gonads of adult worms), in embryos and in whole adult organisms. TetraThymosin-beta was maternally expressed and in the adult gonad diffusely present in the cytoplasm of the oocytes, with strong staining at the cell cortex where also actin is present. In the distal arm of the gonad, tetraThymosin-beta localized to the inside edges of the membrane cubicles surrounding germ cell nuclei. Here, tetraThymosin-beta did not localize to the lateral side of the membrane cubicles where actin is arranged in a 'honeycomb' structure (Strome, 1986). In two-cell stage embryos, tetraThymosin-beta was enriched in the cell-cell contact where actin was also concentrated. The tetraThymosin-beta signal was clearly apparent until the four-cell stage and became weaker later on. At the comma stage (290 min after the first cell division), tetraThymosin-beta staining was observed at the developing nerve ring that is the largest axonal bundle in the nematode body and that positions around the isthmus of the pharynx. TetraThymosin-beta was evident in this region even before a clear actin signal was apparent. In larvae and adults, immunofluorescence yielded a diffuse but specific staining of the entire worm body with enrichment at the intestinal tract and spermatheca. At these stages, in contrast to what is observed in developing embryo, no prominent signal was observed in the head region where the nerve ring is located. In young adults is expressed in theposterior bulb of the pharynx. These immunostaining patterns were reproducible in three or more experiments and in 20 or more worms or embryos. |
|
|
Feature : "ges-1.WGATAR" |
|
Expr11335
|
Multiple copies of either the individual or the paired Cb-ges-1 WGATAR sites, in either orientation and with either C. elegans or C. briggsae as transformation hosts, produce intense reporter gene expression specifically in the embryonic gut. In both host species, reporter expression was first observed at the 4E cell stage of development,the stage at which endogenous ges-1 expression normally can first be detected. Although these reporter constructs initiate expression atthe correct stage, expression is not maintained much laterthan the L2 larval stage in either species;in contrast, endogenous Ce-ges-1 expression continues toincrease throughout the life of the worm. When only a single copy of either the upstreamWGATAR site, the downstream WGATAR site, or thetandem pair of sites was inserted into the test vector andintroduced into C. elegans, no expression in transformedembryos could be detected, either within the gut or elsewhereand even with prolonged staining for b-galactosidaseactivity |
|
|
|
|
Expr12428
|
NEG-1::GFP is asymmetrically localized in the early embryo. NEG-1::GFP was detected in the zygotic nucleus and at equal levels in both nuclei of the two-cell embryo (23 of 23). However, at the four-cell stage, NEG-1::GFP expression was markedly higher in nuclei of the anterior AB blastomeres than in the nuclei of EMS and P2 (31 of 34). Following the four-cell stage, NEG-1::GFP remained high in the granddaughters of the AB blastomere and diminished progressively in subsequent divisions (data not shown). In the adult germline, NEG- 1::GFP was observed in the nuclei of distal germ cells and the nuclei of growing oocytes except for the most proximal oocyte. Moreover, intense sub-nuclear localization of NEG-1:GFP was observed on condensed chromatin. |
|
|
Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
|
Expr847
|
Expression in the embryos starts at around 4 cell stage. Not expressed in the germline. Expression was seen in neurons and body-wall muscle. Strong beta-gal staining and green fluorescence were observed in the central nervous system. Dorsal and ventral nerve cord also gave a strong signal. Staining was also found in the intestinal lining and the body wall muscle. Transgenic chromosomal arrays are not usually expressed in the germline. However, they are observed to express in early embryos. micro-array data shows that atx-2 present in the germline of L3 and L4 larvae. |
|
|
Subcellular localization: GLP-1 was found in the cytoplasm at the 2-cell stage, then in cytoplasm and membranes at 4-cell and 8-cell stages. Cytoplasmic GLP-1 fades after the 8-cell stage, and disappears by the 28-cell stage. Membrane-associated GLP-1 is faint by the 28-cell stage. The glp-1 mRNA was distributed uniformly through the 8-cell stage. Levels of glp-1 mRNA decline after the 8-cell stage and largely disappear by the 28-cell stage, though signal consistently persisted later in posterior parts of embryos. mRNA reappears after 100-cell stage, paralleling immunostaining results. early embryo(author) = blastula + gastrulating embryo(curator). |
|
Expr541
|
Faint expression in AB at 2-cell stage, becoming stronger in AB descendants after 4-cell stage. Signal weakens, between the 8- and 28-cell stages. GLP-1 not detected again until after the 100-cell stage in unidentified cells. |
GLP-1 was found in the cytoplasm at the 2-cell stage, then in cytoplasm and membranes at 4-cell and 8-cell stages. Cytoplasmic GLP-1 fades after the 8-cell stage, and disappears by the 28-cell stage. Membrane-associated GLP-1 is faint by the 28-cell stage. The glp-1 mRNA was distributed uniformly through the 8-cell stage. Levels of glp-1 mRNA decline after the 8-cell stage and largely disappear by the 28-cell stage, though signal consistently persisted later in posterior parts of embryos. mRNA reappears after 100-cell stage, paralleling immunostaining results. |
|
See Expr746 for in situ data. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
|
Expr698
|
High levels in P2 and EMS (posterior nuclei) at the 4-cell stage. From 4-cell to the 24-cell stage, PAL-1 is detected in all descendants of both P2 and EMS. The PAL-1 antibody stained the nuclei throughout the cell cycle and was localized to the condensed chromosomes during mitosis. At the 24-cell stage, the level of staining intensity increased in the two C descendants, Ca and Cp. In 28-cell embryos strong staining was observed in the four C descendants and lower levels of staining was also observed in D and P4. At the 28-cell stage expression was stronger in P2 than in EMS descendants. |
|
|
|
|
Expr2582
|
|
The OMA-1::GFP fluorescence in the developing oocytes and one-cell embryos recapitulated the wild-type spatial and temporal patterns of OMA-1 antibody staining. The punctate staining appeared more pronounced and resembled the characteristic pattern of germline P granules. Starting with the onset of the first mitotic division, the intensity of OMA-1-GFP fluorescence rapidly decreased, and by the time the division was complete, only approximately 10% remained. Interestingly, that remaining 10% of the GFP signal in the two-cell embryo was predominantly found in the germline precursor, P1, associated with what appeared to be P granules. The GFP signal continued to decrease in two-cell embryos and again was asymmetric after the next division, with most of the remaining fluorescence segregated to P2, where it was also predominantly associated with granules. The OMA-1-GFP signal became too weak to detect in the embryo after the four-cell stage. |
|
The strain, a pes-10::lacZ integrant, contained multiple copies of the transgene. |
|
Expr586
|
Expressed in somatic blastomeres. First seen in AB.a and AB.p at the 3-cell stage. Shortly after P1 divides, the mRNA appears in EMS. See Expression pattern 565 for expression at later embryonic stages. |
|
|
|
|
Expr16342
|
CDC-25.3::GFP signal detected at 4-cell stage in ABa/ABp. Using our AF correction method, we were able to observe clear nuclear localization already at the start of the four-cell stage and accurately track its accumulation and release at NEBD at a time at which AF almost completely masked its expression in uncorrected images. |
|
|
|
|
Expr10817
|
GFP:MEX-6 signal was enriched in the anterior blastomere of the two-cell embryo and in this blastomere's daughters at the early four-cell stage. |
|
|
This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
|
Expr746
|
pal-1 RNA evenly distributed in 1- and 2-cell embryos. In 4-cell embryos, pal-1 RNA was either uniformly distributed (approximately 50%) or preferentially localized to the posterior blastomere. Nuclear localized transcripts were not detected before the 24-cell stage. In 6 cell and older embryo, pal-1 RNA was more abundant in cells that express PAL-1 protein. |
|
|
|
|
Expr3781
|
|
These antibodies detect a strong and uniform signal at the cell cortex of early embryos. This distribution corresponds to bona fide GPA-16 because it is significantly diminished in gpa-16(RNAi) embryos. These antibodies also label the cytoplasm, with a slight enrichment in the vicinity of microtubule asters, but this aspect of the signal is barely diminished in gpa-16(RNAi) embryos, suggesting that it is not specific or corresponds to a particularly stable pool of GPA-16. In summary, GPA-16 is present predominantly at the cortex of one-cell stage embryos. |
|
early embryo(author) = 1-cell + 2-cell + 4-cell embryo(curator). |
|
Expr573
|
mex-3 mRNA is detected in the syncytial core of gonad arm and distribute uniformly in oocyte and early 1-cell embryo. mex-3 mRNA is more abundant in AB and its daughter cells than P1 and its daughter cells. After 4-cell stage, mex-3 mRNA disappears. MEX-3 protein is present in oocytes and uniformly distributed until the first division, when they become more abundant in the anterior AB cell. At the 4-cell stage, AB daughters have more MEX-3. Both the mRNA and protein disappear after the 4-cell stage. |
MEX-3 is cytoplasmic, and in the P cells, MEX-3 is associated with P granules. |
|
|
|
Expr14312
|
|
GFP tagged Myosin and Anillin, expressed under endogenous promoters, are visible in the cortex and contractile ring in 1 to 4 cell stage embryos. |
|
|
|
Expr13177
|
Early embryos were fixed and stained with Mab F2F4 (green), shown to recognize CYB-3 (Michael, 2016), and DAPI, to illuminate the DNA (blue). Either wild type or par-4 mutant embryos were examined, after 24-hour incubation at 25C (the non-permissive temperature for the it47 allele of par-4). Anterior is to the left in all images. The data presented here reveals previously not shown data that depicts CYB-3 as asymmetrically distributed at the 4-cell stage. These data further support reported findings in Michael, 2016. There is more CYB-3 in the AB cell relative to its sister P1. In 4-cell embryos there is more CYB-3 in the EMS cell relative to its sister, P2. Thus, during P-lineage divisions, CYB-3 is asymmetrically distributed such that the somatic precursor receives more than its germline precursor sister cell. This asymmetry is abolished in par-4 mutant embryos, where all blastomeres contain equivalent amounts of CYB-3. |
|
|
Endogenously tagged RFP::SAS-7, allele name not specified |
|
Expr16266
|
|
PCMD-1 and SAS-7 signals largely overlapped on both centrioles at spindle poles of mitotic blastomeres in early embryos (4-cell stage). |
|
|
|
Expr13693
|
At the four-cell stage, HMR-1 accumulation was asymmetric as there was less HMR-1::GFP intensity at the EMS-P2 contact in HMR-1::GFP-expressing embryos. |
|
|
|
|
Expr13458
|
|
Epifluorescence microscopy revealed that mCherry::DHC-1 and eGFP::DHC-1 are expressed in all somatic tissues and in the germline. After imaging early embryos by spinning-disk confocal fluorescence microscopy (SDCM), DHC-1 was detected in the cytoplasm during all stages of the cell cycle and localized specifically to the nuclear envelope, centrosomes, kinetochores, kinetochore MTs, central spindle, astral MTs, and the cell cortex during mitosis. This localization pattern is in accordance with previous immunohistochemistry and overexpression studies (Schmidt et al., 2005; Nguyen-Ngoc et al., 2007; Gassmann et al., 2008; Kimura and Kimura, 2011). In addition, we noticed comet like accumulations of dynein radiating from the centrosomes to the cell periphery in a pattern that appeared to follow the mitotic astral MT network.Endogenous dynein complex tracks MT plus ends. This was observed in one cell embryos and in later stages of C. elegans embryos (4-cell embryos). |
|
Data source: S. Robertson and R. Lin, personal communication. |
|
Expr884
|
med-1 transcripts are reproducibly detected in 4-cell (EMS stage) embryos by RTPCR and become largely undetectable by the 12-cell stage, after E and MS are born. |
|
|
No maternal RNA. early embryo(author) = blastula + gastrulating embryo(curator). |
|
Expr565
|
Staining seen in newly arisen somatic blastomeres at 4 to 60-cell stage. |
|
|
|
|
Expr14311
|
|
GFP tagged Myosin and Anillin, expressed under endogenous promoters, are visible in the cortex and contractile ring in 1 to 4 cell stage embryos. |
|
No detailed description on cellular localization at later stages. |
|
Expr1287
|
Blastula embryo. |
The antibodies stained the cell periphery of early blastomeres as well as the nuclear envelope. Nuclear envelope staining however, appears to be non-specific. The staining in 1-cell embryos is weak and uniform just after the completion of meiosis, but increases in intensity and becomes concentrated at the anterior periphery during pronuclear migration. The peripheral PKC-3 staining becomes restricted to about 50% embryo length during the pronuclear meeting and pronuclear fusion stage (n=23). By early anaphase, the staining extends posteriorly beyond the midline of the zygote and covers about 60% of the total length of embryos (n=29). In 2- and 4-cell stages, staining is uniform at the periphery of the AB cell, its daughters and the EMS cell, but peripheral staining in P1 and P2 is restricted to the boundaries with other blastomeres. |
|
To confirm that the localization patterns described are specific to POD-1, pod-1(ye11) mutant embryos were stained with both POD-1 antibodies. All cortical and cytoplasmic POD-1 staining was eliminated in the mutant embryos. |
|
Expr1162
|
POD-1 localization in P cells is cell cycle dependent. In the earliest one-cell embryos before pronuclear meeting (P0), cortical POD-1 is either anteriorly enriched (12/24 embryos), posteriorly enriched (5/24 embryos), or uniformly localized (7/24 embryos). From pronuclear meeting to metaphase, cortical POD-1 is almost always anteriorly enriched (30/39 embryos). At anaphase, POD-1 begins to transition from asymmetric to symmetric localization, such that by telophase cortical POD-1 can be found at equivalent levels in the anterior and posterior cortices (10/11 embryos). In addition to cell cortices, POD-1 antibodies stain punctate cytoplasmic structures. POD-1 can be found in the posterior-most cortex, albeit at lower levels than the anterior. The localization of POD-1 in the germ-line precursors of the two-cell and four-cell embryo is also cell cycle dependent such that early in the cell cycle, POD-1 is not asymmetric along the a-p axis, but becomes anteriorly enriched leading up to metaphase. |
punctate cytoplasmic structures |
|
Endogenously tagged GFP::PCMD-1, allele name not specified |
|
Expr16265
|
|
PCMD-1 and SAS-7 signals largely overlapped on both centrioles at spindle poles of mitotic blastomeres in early embryos (4-cell stage). |
