WormMine: LifeStage WBls:0000039

• Definition: The stage during L4-adult molt when an animal becomes lethargic, ceases pharyngeal pumping and synthesizes new cuticle under the old.
• Primary Identifier: WBls:0000039
• Public Name: L4-adult lethargus Ce

0 Anatomy Terms

2 Contained In

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The stage when an animal shifts from L4 larva to adult. It includes the synthesis of new cuticle, cease of phrayngeal pumping during a lethargus stage, and the shed off of old cuticle.		L4-adult molt Ce	WBls:0000040
	C. elegans life stage that occurs during a larval molt		C. elegans life stage occurring during larval molt	WBls:0000824

8 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in nas-38(ok3407) comparing to in N2.	A feature was classified upregulated if its FDR-corrected p-value was <= 0.05 and fold change was >= 2. Analogously, a gene was classified downregulated if its FDR-corrected p-value was <= 0.05 and fold change was <= -2.	WBPaper00060703:nas-38(ok3407)_upregulated
	Gene transcripts in this set are up-regulated at 5% FDR between L4 lethargus and L4 AND between L4 lethargus and 4-hour old adults.	Analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to determine differential gene expression using the R/maanova package.	WBPaper00045960:L4-lethargus_upregulated
	Gene transcripts in this set are in the L4-lethargus_upregulated gene set AND are also up-regulated at 30% FDR between 2-hour old embryos and 3-hour old L1 animals.	Analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to determine differential gene expression using the R/maanova package.	WBPaper00045960:L1-L4-lethargus_upregulated
	Genes that were upregulated during lethargus (sleep-like) stage with oscillating expression, according to microarray analysis comparing L3 lethargus to L4 large, and L4 lethargus to young adult.	Genes were counted as significantly up or down regulated for L3 sleep-like if the calculated false discovery rate (FDR) was equal or smaller then 5.0% and the fold change was > 2. p-values were obtained from the moderated t-statistic and corrected with the Benjamini-Hochberg method.Only genes consistently up or down regulated in both the L3 and L4 molt were selected to eliminate the effect of developmental progression. Authors reasoned that gene expression changes that would be biologically relevant would oscillate with substantial amplitude in phase with the molting cycle. They applied an arbitrary threshold and selected only those genes that oscillated with an amplitude of at least 50%.	WBPaper00046024:sleep_upregulated_oscillating
	Gene transcripts in this set are down-regulated at 5% FDR between L4 lethargus and L4 AND between L4 lethargus and 4-hour old adults.	Analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to determine differential gene expression using the R/maanova package.	WBPaper00045960:L4-lethargus_downregulated
	Gene transcripts in this set are in the L4-lethargus_downregulated gene set AND are also down-regulated at 30% FDR between 2 -hour old embryos and 3-hour old L1 animals.	Analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to determine differential gene expression using the R/maanova package.	WBPaper00045960:L1-L4-lethargus_downregulated
	Genes that were downregulated during lethargus (sleep-like) stage with oscillating expression, according to microarray analysis comparing L3 lethargus to L4 large, and L4 lethargus to young adult.	Genes were counted as significantly up or down regulated for L3 sleep-like if the calculated false discovery rate (FDR) was equal or smaller then 5.0% and the fold change was > 2. p-values were obtained from the moderated t-statistic and corrected with the Benjamini-Hochberg method.Only genes consistently up or down regulated in both the L3 and L4 molt were selected to eliminate the effect of developmental progression. Authors reasoned that gene expression changes that would be biologically relevant would oscillate with substantial amplitude in phase with the molting cycle. They applied an arbitrary threshold and selected only those genes that oscillated with an amplitude of at least 50%.	WBPaper00046024:sleep_downregulated_oscillating
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nas-38(ok3407) comparing to in N2.	A feature was classified upregulated if its FDR-corrected p-value was <= 0.05 and fold change was >= 2. Analogously, a gene was classified downregulated if its FDR-corrected p-value was <= 0.05 and fold change was <= -2.	WBPaper00060703:nas-38(ok3407)_downregulated

8 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1148
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: A 6.7-kb fusion (LOV-1::GFP1) and a 15.4-kb fusion lacking only 58 amino acids (LOV-1::GFP5) direct expression in male-specific sensory neurons. Shorter versions of lov-1::gfp1 are not expressed in the same set of male-specific neurons, nor do they act as dominant negatives. lov-1::gfp1 and lov-1::gfp5 are expressed in male-sensory neurons, specifically the CEM neurons, the hook neuron HOB, and the sensory ray neurons. Expression begins during late L4 lethargus and peaks in the adult male.
• Subcellular Localization: LOV-1::GFP1 is localized at high levels in the cell body (punctate cytoplasmic expression) and ciliated endings, whereas LOV-1::GFP5 is found exclusively in cell bodies.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12490
• Pattern: pqn-57 was expressed in pharyngeal muscle and near the rectum. Expression of the pqn-57 reporter persisted in adult pharynxes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12292
• Remark: To cite this work: Ghosh, Srimoyee; Inoue, Takao; Sternberg, Paul (2015): ina-1::gfp expression. WormBase. Dataset. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17912/W2159J . Reviewed by Bhagwati Gupta. Funding: National Institutes of Health USPHS training grant GM07616.
• Pattern: ina-1 is expressed throughout uterine toroids. At mid L4, expression is seen in uterine toroid 1 and 4 (ut1, ut4) and in the anterior uterine toroids 2 and 3 (ut2, ut3). In addition, ina-1::GFP is detected in the spermathecal-uterine junction and spermatheca. At the L4 lethargus stage, bright expression is observed in uterine toroids 1 and 4, the spermathecal-uterine junction, and spermatheca. Dimmer expression is present in uterine toroid 2 and posterior toroid 3. Fluorescence is also detected in vulE.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12491
• Pattern: abu-5 was expressed in pharyngeal muscle. Expression is much weaker in three-day old adults than in L4 lethargus animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12492
• Pattern: abu-6 was expressed in pharyngeal muscle. Expression is much weaker in three-day old adults than in L4 lethargus animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12493
• Pattern: abu-11 was expressed in pharyngeal muscle. Expression is much weaker in three-day old adults than in L4 lethargus animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12494
• Pattern: abu-15 was expressed in pharyngeal muscle. Expression is much weaker in three-day old adults than in L4 lethargus animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11946
• Pattern: A lov-1:gfp fusion vector directed expression in the male-specific CEM neurons, the hook neuron HOB, and sensory ray neurons. During development, expression was first detected during L4 in the male lethargus and peaked in the adult male.

1 Followed By

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The stage during L4-adult molt, after the brief lethargus period, when an animal shed off old cuticle.		L4-adult ecdysis Ce	WBls:0000050

0 Preceded By

0 Sub Stages