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Picture: Figure 1. |
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Expr8361
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GFP expression initiated in the early gastrula. Robust expression of Prncs-1::GFP was observed in the midgut (E cell lineage) starting at the 28-cell stage and continuing into adulthood. By the comma stage, fluorescence was also visible in the embryo periphery in cells that give rise to hypodermis. In L1 larva and subsequent stages, strong expression of GFP was seen in hypodermal cells, including Hyp 7 syncytium and head and tail hypodermis. The expression pattern was identical in hermaphrodites and males, but adult hermaphrodites displayed fluorescence in vulval epithelium. Expression was absent in seam cells, nervous system, and pharynx. The Prncs-1::GFP reporter showed increased expression during starvation. Although fluorescence intensity was enhanced under starved conditions, the spatial expression pattern was unchanged. Expression of the Prncs-1::GFP transgene was also enhanced in males. An ~2.5-fold increase in rncs-1 expression in total RNA prepared from wild-type, well fed males, compared with hermaphrodites. |
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Picture: Figs. 4A-D. |
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Expr4836
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In hermaphrodites, the expression of bro-1 was restricted to seam cells. Its expression was first detected at bean-stage embryos and persisted throughout the developmental stages. In the male tail, bro-1 was also expressed in the ray precursor cells. |
GFP::BRO-1 was localized to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. |
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Picture: Figure 5. |
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Expr4837
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Fluorescence started to be visible in two cells of young embryos at around the 64 AB cell stage. Towards the end of gastrulation expression was visible in about 40 cells throughout the embryo including neuronal precursors, ventral hypodermal cells, and pharyngeal precursor cells. At the 1 to 2 fold stages fluorescence was observed in IL1 neurons (the identity was determined post-embryonically), the nine buccal epidermal cells, and additional cells in the head, most likely arcade cells. Transient expression was also observed in embryonic motoneurons (no longer visible in 3 fold stage embryos) and in a few apoptotic cells in the head. Based on their position they could be the sister cells of some of the IL1 neurons, which are known to undergo programmed cell death at this developmental stage. At the 3 fold stage expression was restricted to the buccal epidermal cells, most of the arcade cells (3 anterior and the DL and DR posterior arcade cells), and the six IL1 neurons. The two lateral IL1 neurons expressed the marker only weakly also in the L1 larval stage (but not later during development), whereas the dorsal and ventral IL1 neurons expressed GFP strongly throughout all larval stages and in the adults. Starting from the L1 larval stage expression could also be observed in the posterior cells of the gut. Starting from the L2 stage, when gonad development and migration begins, fluorescence became also visible in the distal tip cells of the gonad. |
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Picture: Fig. 6A, 6B. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr4829
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Exclusively expressed throughout the nervous system in C. elegans. F25B3.3::gfp is a postmitotic pan-neuronal marker, i.e. its onset of expression is observed after the terminal division of neurons (around 450 minutes of embryonic development). |
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Picture: Figure 7, C and D. |
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Expr4813
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Expression was observed throughout development, starting at midembryogenesis. VHA-5 was also detected at the lumen of the vulva and rectum. In addition, authors found VHA-5 expressed in the sheath cells associated with head and tail sensory organs. Three-dimensional reconstructions showed that VHA-5 and RDY-2 formed a sixfold symmetrical pattern, which includes a larger spot that presumably corresponds to the amphid. |
In the amphid sheath cell, VHA-5 was found in the most distal part of the cell lining the sheath pocket, which can be equated to its apical side. |
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nsy-5 = T16H5.1. |
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Expr4693
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A GFP reporter transgene with 5.8 kb of the nsy-5 promoter was expressed exclusively in sensory neurons and interneurons in the head and tail. The neurons that expressed nsy-5::GFP included AWC, ASH, AFD, ASI, ADL, ASK, BAG, AWB, and ADF (head sensory neurons); ADA, AIZ, RIC, AIY, and AIM (head interneurons); PHA and PHB (tail sensory neurons); and PVC and PVQ (tail interneurons). Expression began about halfway through embryogenesis, was strongest in late embryogenesis and the L1 larval stage, and faded thereafter. Adults maintained weak expression in several neurons, including ASH but not AWC. |
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Expr4926
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strong pan neuronal; spermatheca; faint vulval mu; rare and faint bwm in adult; neuronal starts at bean with strong at 3-fold. |
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Expr4283
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TBX-2::GFP expression was present in the both MS- and ABa-derived pharynx cells. TBX-2::GFP expression initiated at the 8E stage (staging by the number of endodermal, or E, cells), in 11 - 12 anteriorly localized pharyngeal cells. Based on position, these cells are likely to be the ABa descendants that will give rise to pharyngeal muscle cells (i.e., ABalpaaa a/p, ABalpapp a/p, ABaraaaaa, ABaraapa a/p, ABarapaa a/p, ARarapapp and ABaraapp a/p). By the 1.5-fold stage, TBX-2::GFP was expressed in pm3, pm5 and variably pm4, with expression persisting throughout the larval and adult stages. Surprisingly, expression extended beyond the ABa lineage after the 1.5-fold stage. For example, only 2/6 pm5 nuclei derive from ABa but authors often observed all pm5 cells expressing TBX-2::GFP in larvae. By the 3-fold stage authors also observed expression in pharyngeal neurons, occasionally in the posterior muscle pm8 and in cells outside of the pharynx such as body wall muscles. Thus, TBX-2::GFP expression initiated within the ABa lineage but ultimately appeared in both ABa and MS-derived muscle cells. |
While TBX-2::GFP was initially localized to nuclei, it was detected in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus in pm4 and pm5 cells by the 1.5-fold stage. Cytoplasmic expression was not homogeneous. Rather, TBX-2::GFP appeared filamentous, as though it was associated with the cytoskeleton. Cytoplasmic expression was observed even in lines expressing very low levels of TBX-2::GFP, suggesting that cytoplasmic TBX-2::GFP did not reflect over-expression from transgenes. The same pattern was observed in tbx-2(ok529); tbx-2::GFP embryos. This localization pattern suggests that the timing of tbx-2 transcriptional function likely initiates before the 1.5-fold stage, when TBX-2 appears completely nuclear. |
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Curated by authors based on online in-situ hybridization database (Y. Kohara, personal communication; http: |
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Expr4284
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tbx-2 transcripts was detected starting at the 4E stage (~102 cell stage, 143 min after the 4-cell stage), and with mid-gastrula expression observed by in situ hybridization (Shin-i and Kohara, http://nematode.lab.nig.ac.jp/). |
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Embryos at the ~200 cell stage contain 24 clonally committed pharyngeal precursors located in the anterior of the embryo (13 ABa-derived and 11 MS-derived), and the location of the 12 tbx-2::gfp expressing cells at this stage suggests that they are included among these precursors. To determine if these early tbx-2::gfp expressing cells were indeed pharyngeal precursors and to characterize their lineal origin, athors examined expression of a tbx-2::gfp promoter fusion containing the same tbx-2 5'-flanking sequences characterized above fused to gfp just downstream of the tbx-2 translation initiation codon (pOK206.30). Previous studies demonstrated that such promoter fusions can produce a longer lived GFP signal than full-length protein fusions. This tbx-2::gfp promoter fusion produced cytoplasmic GFP first detected in premorphogenetic embryos in the same pattern as full-length fusion protein, but GFP perdured in the pharynx until near hatching. GFP expression was observed in 3-fold embryos and early larvae in a reproducible subset of pharyngeal muscles, with occasional expression in body wall muscles and head neurons. GFP was observed predominantly in pharyngeal muscle types derived solely from ABa or from mixed lineages, and the number of these GFP-positive cells was generally consistent with those containing ABa-derived cells. However, exceptions to this generalization were found. Most notably, GFP was reproducibly observed in one MS-derived m7 muscle and all three m4 muscles (of which 2 contain only MS-derived cells). Taken together, these results strongly suggest that tbx-2::gfp expression in premorphogenetic embryos is limited to pharyngeal precursors, and most of these are ABa-derived, although expression is also likely in a small number of MS-derived pharyngeal precursors. |
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Expr4285
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In transgenic embryos, this larger tbx-2::gfp reporter was expressed in a dynamic pattern, including in a subset of pharyngeal precursors in the premorphogenetic embryo, as well as body wall muscle and pharyngeal neurons. tbx-2::gfp expression initiated in 2 anterior cells in approximately 100 cell embryos and increased to 12 cells by approximately the 200 cell stage. The increasing number of GFP expressing cells was not due to cell divisions; rather tbx-2::gfp expression appeared to initiate asynchronously in individual cells. Expression in these cells was transient and was undetectable by the bean stage. Prior to the bean stage, tbx-2::gfp expression was also observed in body wall muscles, and later, in 2- to 3-fold embryos, expression was observed in a number of pharyngeal neurons. Expression in both of these tissues continued in larvae. |
This full-length fusion protein is nuclear localized. |
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Expr4228
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GFP was detected in the nuclei of most, if not all, somatic cells in transgenic tra-4(bc45) hermaphrodites. GFP was detected as early as the 28-cell stage of embryogenesis and persisted throughout development and adult life. Ptra-4gfp-tra-4 was also expressed in most, if not all, somatic cells, including the CEMs, in transgenic tra-4(bc45) males. tra-4 gene is expressed throughout the soma of both hermaphrodites and males. |
TRA-4 protein is predominantly nuclear. |
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Moreover, neither the dgn-1::GFP promoter reporter nor the rescuing DGN-1::GFP fusion show expression in muscle. Plasmid pJJ516 was made by inserting GFP from pPD114.38 into the HindIII site near the end of the dgn-1 coding sequence. The product contains GFP inserted after residue 575 of DGN-1, with the final seven DGN-1 residues at the C terminus. Expression of DGN-1::GFP is identical to that of the dgn-1::GFP promoter reporter, and DGN-1::GFP rescues the sterility of dgn-1(cg121). |
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Expr4218
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In early (pre-morphological) embryos, dgn-1::GFP expression is evident in many epithelial and neural precursors comprising the outer layer of cells. As elongation begins at comma stage, expression becomes most prominent in several specialized epithelial cells, including pharyngeal e2 and marginal cells, excretory cells, the somatic gonad precursors (SGPs) Z1 and Z4, and rectal epithelial cells. Weaker expression is apparent in hypodermal precursors and neuroblasts along the ventral midline. Pharyngeal expression persists through the L3 larval stage, whereas excretory and rectal cell expression persists throughout development. SGP expression persists in SGP descendants, such as the distal tip cells (DTCs), and increases throughout the gonad during the L4 stage. Variable, generally weak expression is seen throughout larval development in several neurons, although PVP neurons show strong expression throughout development. Transient increased expression occurs in new P cell-derived neurons in the ventral nerve cord in late L1/early L2 stage animals. Variable weak expression is seen in hypodermal cells, principally hyp5 in the head. Preceding the L4/adult molt, expression increases in the vulval epithelium. |
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Expr4563
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Examination of transgenic embryos at different developmental stages revealed that GFP was expressed in all or nearly all cells, except intestinal cells and their precursors, starting at around 100 to 150 minutes post-fertilization and continuing throughout the comma stage of embryogenesis. Reporter expression disappeared after the 3-fold embryonic stage, and only 2 to 3 cells expressed GFP faintly in larva and adults. These cells, one of which was probably the head mesodermal cell, were present in the head and did not reliably express GFP. Reporter expression was similar between males and hermaphrodites, except that, in males, intense staining was observed in the tails of L4 animals. |
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Expr4493
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The embryos near the vulva assumed stronger fluorescence of the CED-10::GFP::CED-10 marker than their younger, more distant siblings. The signal was not detectable until the 50-cell stage of the gastrulating embryo, when the marker started to accumulate beneath the cell boundaries. The signal gradually strengthened until the 3-fold stage, and remained unchanged thereafter until adulthood. The marker was expressed ubiquitously in all cells except the germ line Z2 and Z3 cells. |
At the subcellular level, the signal was absent in the nucleus, easily identified as a circular void within the cell. The distribution of the marker in cytosol sometimes assumed a vesicular structure. The intracellular vesicles in the scanned images overlapped with most, if not all, the granules observed by differential interference contrast microscopy. The marker accumulated at the boundaries between neighboring cells, appearing much more sparsely at cell surfaces facing the egg shell where no neighboring cell was present, and little accumulation was seen at the boundary facing the germ line cells Z2 and Z3. Large round vesicular structures exhibiting the strongest signals correspond to the cells undergoing apoptosis, indicating the cell boundaries between cells undergoing programmed cell death and the cells engulfing the dying cells. |
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For dre-1::gfp, a 4 kb promoter was amplified with primers 5' -GGTACCCGAGGGGACATCGAGATAG-3' and 5' -GGTACCTTCCTGGCCAACCAGAGAC-3' and was cloned into Fire vector L3781 (BA 279). The dre-1 ORF and the dre-1 3' UTR region were amplified with primers 5' -GCTAGCATGTCGTCCTCTTCGTCAC-3' and 5' -ACTAGTTACTTACTCCACTCCACACAG-3' and were cloned into BA279 (BA280). Lines containing this construct included dhEx346 and dhIs442. To obtain the full-length promoter construct, authors substituted the promoter from BA279 with a 12.3 kb promoter by using primers 5' -GCGGCCGCGTTGCACACAAAACATTATTATTTTCTTTCTCTT-3' and 5' -TACGTATCTCGTCCCTGAGATCTCTCATTT-3' (BA508). Resulting lines containing this array included dhEx443 and dhEx452. --precise ends. |
Expr4547
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First detected by midembryogenesis, expression was most prominent in epidermal and intestinal cells. By the 1.5-fold stage of embryogenesis, expression was additionally detected in neurons and other cells. During larval and adult stages, DRE-1::GFP was most visible in epidermal seam cells and hypodermis. Expression was high in larvae and low in adults. In addition, DRE-1 was strongly expressed in the P epidermal blast cells and descendents that give rise to the vulva. Weak expression was seen in the somatic gonad, including the gonadoblasts, the anchor cell, dtcs, and occasionally adult spermatheca and uterus. Notably, with another construct (dhEx346, 4 kb promoter, 4 kb coding region), dtc expression was stronger and commenced by mid-L3. In the musculature, DRE-1 was seen in the pharynx, anal depressor, sex muscles, and body wall muscles. Finally, DRE-1 was detected in neurons of the head, tail, ventral cord, and periphery. |
Generally, DRE-1::GFP was localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, and it was broadly expressed, including in phenotypically affected tissues. |
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Expr9985
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GFP expression was first observed in the intestinal cells of gastrula-stage embryos and continued throughout all larval and adult stages. In transgenic male worms expressing the Pdaao-1::GFP construct, no significant difference in expression or localization patterns was apparent compared to hermaphrodites. |
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Picture: Fig. S1B. |
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Expr8740
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TBC-2::GFP was found to be ubiquitously expressed in the embryo, starting from the ~200-cell stage, and throughout the larval and adult stages. The strong TBC-2::GFP expression was observed in several known engulfing cell types, such as pharyngeal muscle cells, hypodermal cells and intestinal cells. In addition, a weak GFP signal was also seen in the gonadal sheath cells that engulf germ cell corpses. |
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Clone: pUL#JRH7H10 |
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Expr7749
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A complex expression pattern. Expression is seen in the somatic gonad, from L1 to adult. Expression in the spermathecae is strong in the adult. Expression in the excretory cell, the coelomocytes, and some nerve cells is prominent. There is also strong, unrestricted expression in mid-stage embryos. |
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Clone: pUL#JS7C9 |
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Expr7716
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Strong expression is seen in the procorpus and more faintly in the metacorpus, isthmus and terminal bulb of the pharynx. There is also expression in the nerve ring, ventral nerve cord and nerves in the tail. Expression is seen from mid stage embryo onwards. |
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pud-1.2 is a perfect duplicate of pud-1.1 (Fig. S4). |
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Expr11080
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pud-1 is expressed strongly and uniformly in the intestine, and less strongly in the hypodermis. Expression starts before the comma stage in many cells, although the gut cells have the strongest signal. |
At the subcellular level, pud-1 was found distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm, and largely excluded from the nucleolus except for one or more nucleolar puncta. The GFP fusion protein was seen in fibrous organelles, the hypodermal hemidesmosome structures that fasten muscles to the cuticle. |
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Picture: Fig 2, Fig 3G, 3H. |
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Expr8962
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This transcriptional gap-3 reporter was expressed throughout C. elegans development and first detected in ball stage embryos. At the 1.5-fold stage, the GFP signal was observed mainly in hypodermal cells, and expression persisted throughout larval development until adulthood. Furthermore, the gap-3 reporter was expressed in some head neurons, in the spermatheca, in the seam cells, in the body wall muscles, and in the sex muscles of the adult hermaphrodite. Expression was also observed in some uterine cells but authors did not detect a GFP signal in the vulval cells, the excretory duct cell or the P12.p cell at any developmental stage. |
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Expr12706
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lyst-1p::gfp expression was first detected at the bean stage where it was restricted to the intestinal primordium. Expression in intestinal cells continued through embryogenesis and persisted into adulthood. The lyst-1 promoter was active in neurons and pharyngeal cells, suggesting that LYST-1 acts outside the intestine as well. |
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Clone: pUL#JRH10E6 |
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Expr7641
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Expression observed from mid embryo to adult. Strongest in L1/L2 in two head nerves lateral and anterior to posterior pharyngeal bulb, weaker in dorsal nerve cord and also several nerves in the tail. Intestine expression in anterior and posterior regions (possibly artifactual). |
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Expr12822
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By in situ hybridization, glo-1 transcripts were detected in the E lineage in 86% (n=49) of wild-type embryos at gastrulation stage or later. |
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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8673
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades, M1, B cell. Weak or rare expression in intestine. Expression in the nervous system: Amsh, CEPsh, CEPso, ILso, OLso, Phso, DVC, MI. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in gonad sheath, uterus, vulva(low), spermatheca, Sp-ut valve. In developing larva stage, expressed in uterus, vulva, spermatheca, Sp-ut valve. inx-5 first appears in the developing hypodermis at bean stage and then in the excretory cell at three-fold stage. |
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Expr2937
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Both ahr-1:GFP reporters are expressed during embryonic and larval development. Expression is first detected in two cells 260 min after the first cleavage. By midembryogenesis (pre-comma stage), 14 cells express the pJ360 ahr-1:GFP fusion gene. At the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis, two cells express ahr-1:GFP in the tail, and the remaining fluorescing cells are in the forming head. During the first larval stage. ahr-1:GFP is expressed in 28 neurons, several blast cells, and two phasmid socket cells. The neurons that express ahr-1:GFP include ALNR/ALNL, AQR/PQR, AVM/PVM, BDUR/BDUL, PLMR/PLML, PLNR/PLNL, PHCL/PHCR, PVWL/PVWR, RMEL/RMER, SDQR/SDQL, and URXR/URXL. The T.pa, T.ppa, and T.ppp blast cells in the tail express ahr-1:GFP, as do all of their descendents, including the PHso1 and PHso2 phasmid socket cells. ahr-1:GFP is also expressed in the MI and I3 neurons in the pharynx and the G2 and W blast cells. Four additional cells in the head express ahr-1:GFP, tentatively identified as the ASK and RIP neurons. |
The pJ360 construct includes the entire ahr-1 genomic sequence, and transgenic animals express this fusion protein in a subset of neuronal nuclei. The pHT102 transgene lacks most of the ahr-1 coding sequence and labels axons as well as nuclei. |
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Expr963
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Transgenic animals bearing pFX1G1 had high levels of GFP fluorescence or immunoreactivity in embryonic and postembryonic neurons. fax-1::gfp expression was first detected in embryos prior to elongation (approximately 350 minutes of development). By approximately 400 minutes, there is strong fax-1::gfp expression in as many as 20 neurons in the embryonic head and 1-2 neurons in the embryonic tail. fax-1::gfp is expressed in 20 neurons postembryonically, through the adult stage. The position of these neurons indicates that most or all of them are among the 22 neurons that express fax-1::gfp embryonically. These cells include both AVKR and AVKL. fax-1::gfp was not observed in either of the HSN or PVQ neurons, or in the PVPR neuron at any stage of development. fax-1::gfp expression was observed in several other neurons and two non-neuronal cell types in transgenic animals carrying pFX1G1. These include the pairs of CEPD and URX sensory neurons, three pharyngeal neurons (M1, MI and probably M5), two pairs of ring interneurons (including the RIC pair), five neurons in the retrovesicular ganglion (including SABD and the pair of SABV neurons), a single neuron in the preanal ganglion (either PVPL or PVT) and a single neuron in the dorsorectal ganglion of the tail (probably DVA). There is incompletely penetrant fax-1::gfp expression in a few additional neurons that were not identified, and in the non neuronal dorsal rectal cell and distal tip cells of the somatic gonad. |
GFP immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm, axons and nuclei of cells. Axons of neurons that express fax-1::gfp embryonically were observed in the process of outgrowth. |
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Transgenes containing the VAB-19 cDNA under the control of the ajm-1 promoter, which is expressed in the epidermis and other epithelial tissues but not in muscles, also fully rescued vab-19 phenotypes, consistent with VAB-19 functioning in epidermal cells. |
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Expr2823
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VAB-19::GFP was first detected in embryos at the onset of elongation. At this stage, VAB-19::GFP localization was diffuse in dorsal and ventral, but not in lateral, epidermal cells. During early elongation, VAB-19::GFP started to accumulate in muscle-adjacent regions of dorsal and ventral epidermal cells. During intermediate stages of elongation, VAB-19::GFP became localized to the parts of the epidermis adjacent to body wall muscles. Finally, during the late elongation, larval and adult stages, VAB-19::GFP localized to circumferential bands in epidermis adjacent to muscles and to mechanosensory neuron processes. Within these regions, the pattern of circumferential bands is interrupted by gaps where other neuronal processes intervene between muscles and the epidermis. This pattern of localization of VAB-19::GFP resembles that of epidermal attachment structures. VAB-19::GFP was also expressed in pharyngeal marginal cells. In contrast to Myotactin, which is localized to the outer basal surface of marginal cells, VAB-19::GFP was localized throughout the apical-basal axis, although it was concentrated at the apical and basal surfaces. |
Attachment structures contain several intermediate filament (IF) proteins, some of which are recognized by monoclonal antibody MH4. During early elongation, MH4 staining accumulated in a single patch in dorsal epidermal cells, whereas VAB-19::GFP remained diffuse. During the intermediate elongation stage, VAB-19::GFP and MH4 staining displayed more extensive colocalization. During later elongation and afterwards, VAB-19::GFP and MH4 staining fully co-localized to circumferential bands. The transmembrane protein Myotactin maintains localization of attachment structures to muscle-adjacent parts of the epidermis. Myotactin itself initially localizes to muscle-adjacent regions of the epidermis and later becomes organized into attachment structures. VAB-19::GFP colocalized with Myotactin before the twofold stage. Both Myotactin and VAB-19::GFP localized to circumferential bands. These bands are interrupted by gaps where neuronal processes intervene between muscle and epidermis. In contrast to Myotactin or VAB-19::GFP, MH4 staining is present or enhanced at such positions. These differences suggest that VAB-19 does not colocalize with all epidermal IFs but only those associated with muscle adjacent attachment structures. |
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Expr12085
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plr-1::GFP expression became visible in late gastrulation stage embryos. Strongest expression was detected in many cells in the tail region and by comma stage the most prominent expression was seen in body wall muscle cells. In early larval stages expression was detectable in a number of different tissues including the major hypodermal cells, muscle and marginal cells of the pharynx, the intestine (strongest in the anteriormost and posteriormost cells) as well as the anal depressor and stomatointestinal muscle. In the nervous system GFP expression was visible in a few neurons in head ganglia, many ventral cord motor neurons and several neurons in the tail ganglia including the PDA neuron. Based on the lack of commissures the motor neurons are likely of the VA, VB, VC and/or AS class. Based on the number of cells the majority (or even all) of these classes express GFP. In general expression was strongest in the tail region throughout development. This also held true for the motor neurons in the ventral cord, where GFP was strongest in the posterior-most cells and barely detectable in anterior motor neurons. Expression is maintained throughout larval development. In later larval stages expression is also seen occasionally in the distal tip cell of the developing gonad, the vulva and uterine muscle cells and the VC4 and VC5 neurons flanking the vulva. Expression in AVG, HSN or CAN neurons was not detectable with this reporter construct, but was detected in a previous study in HSN and CAN using a longer genomic construct (Moffat et al., 2014, Expr11480). |
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IFB-1BDGFP data were collected using the pCZ482 extrachromosomal array juEx595. |
Expr2857
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IFB-1ADGFP was first detected in epidermal cells at the enclosure stage of embryogenesis. By the 1.5-fold stage, IFB-1ADGFP began to accumulate in regions of epidermal cells adjacent to body wall muscles. In addition to epidermal and pharyngeal expression, both IFB-1 isoforms were expressed in other cell types. Both isoforms were localized to the processes of the excretory cell and the excretory duct. IFB-1B, but not IFB-1A, transgenes were highly expressed in the uterine epithelium. Prominent expression of IFB-1 isoforms was also observed in the pharynx. Both IFB-1A and IFB-1B are expressed in marginal cells of the pharynx. IFB-1BDGFP transgenes were expressed throughout the length of the pharynx, whereas IFB-1ADGFP transgenes were expressed in a subset of pharyngeal marginal cells. In pharyngeal marginal and muscle cells, Myotactin is localized basally, whereas IFB-1ADGFP and IFB-1BDGFP were distributed throughout the apicalbasal axis. These data confirm previous reports of anti-IFB-1 staining in pharyngeal marginal cells. |
In embryos after the 2-fold stage, larvae, and adults, IFB-1ADGFP localized to circumferential stripes in the parts of the epidermis that contact body wall muscles and in double tracks corresponding to epidermis overlying the processes of mechanosensory neurons; these patterns of subcellular localization correspond to epidermal attachment structures, also known as fibrous organelles. IFB-1BDGFP was also expressed in the epidermis in a pattern indistinguishable from that of IFB-1A. Thus, both isoforms of IFB-1 are expressed in the epidermis and localized to the same subcellular compartments. The monoclonal antibody MH4 recognizes an epitope common to IFA-1, IFA-2, and IFA-3, and does not recognize IFB-1. MH4 staining and IFB-1ADGFP expression co-localized in both embryonic and adult epidermal cells. In the adult epidermis, IFB-1ADGFP partly co-localized with Myotactin, a transmembrane protein that localizes to or close to the basal parts of epidermal attachments. |
