WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0004690

• Definition: Cylindrical hypodermal syncytium in head
• Name: hyp3
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0004690
• Synonym: lineage name: ABplaapaaaa

2 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree ABplaapaaaa	ABplaapaaaa nucleus		WBbt:0001336
nucleus of pedigree ABpraapaaaa	ABpraapaaaa nucleus		WBbt:0001494

2 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in hyp3 according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:hyp3
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 82_1 with unidentified tissue expression pattern.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:82_1

65 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr8361
• Remark: Picture: Figure 1.
• Pattern: GFP expression initiated in the early gastrula. Robust expression of Prncs-1::GFP was observed in the midgut (E cell lineage) starting at the 28-cell stage and continuing into adulthood. By the comma stage, fluorescence was also visible in the embryo periphery in cells that give rise to hypodermis. In L1 larva and subsequent stages, strong expression of GFP was seen in hypodermal cells, including Hyp 7 syncytium and head and tail hypodermis. The expression pattern was identical in hermaphrodites and males, but adult hermaphrodites displayed fluorescence in vulval epithelium. Expression was absent in seam cells, nervous system, and pharynx. The Prncs-1::GFP reporter showed increased expression during starvation. Although fluorescence intensity was enhanced under starved conditions, the spatial expression pattern was unchanged. Expression of the Prncs-1::GFP transgene was also enhanced in males. An ~2.5-fold increase in rncs-1 expression in total RNA prepared from wild-type, well fed males, compared with hermaphrodites.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4691
• Pattern: GFP was detected in epidermal cells including the head epidermal cells hyp1 to hyp5, the hyp7 syncytium, the tail epidermal cells hyp8 to hyp11, and the ventral Pn.p cells. GFP expression was also detected in the excretory duct cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4344
• Pattern: qua-1pro::GFP was found to be expressed in the hypodermal cells covering the whole body from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail spike, but not in the lateral hypodermal cells, i.e., the seam cells. Furthermore, expression was seen in the excretory duct and pore cells from threefold stage embryos to adults. However, in adults the GFP intensity appears weaker than in larvae. In L1 larvae, qua-1 is expressed in two, sometimes four, cells of the anterior as well as the posterior of the intestine and a rectal epithelial cell. In addition, transient expression was observed in the P cells in L1 in the ventral side of the animal and in a few sensilla support cells in the head. In adults, qua-1pro::GFP is transiently expressed in a few cells in the head that remain to be identified.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4651
• Pattern: GFP driven by the lon-2 promoter (3 kb of its upstream sequence) was expressed strongly in the intestine, most prominently in the most anterior and posterior cells. Expression in these regions was observed throughout development, beginning in the embryo and continuing into adulthood. Very weak fluorescence was also seen in hypodermal cells in the head and tail.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4646
• Pattern: Expression of TRPA-1:: GFP fusion proteins was observed in several cell types. In lines carrying the short fusion construct (for example, ljEx107), TRPA-1:: GFP fusion protein was localized to many tissues, including pharyngeal muscle and body wall muscle, the excretory system, the rectal gland cell, vulval epithelium, epithelial cells in the head, and the spermatheca. Sporadic expression was also observed in some head neurons with this construct.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4647
• Pattern: Transgenic lines generated with the partial protein fusion construct (for example, ljEx109) expressed TRPA-1:: GFP in the same cells as ljEx107 (see Expr4646), but with some additional cells, including the majority of amphid sensory neurons (for example, ASH, AWA, AWB, ASI and ASK) and the phasmid neurons PHA and PHB.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4648
• Pattern: Transgenic lines generated with the full-length protein fusion construct (for example, ljEx114) expressed TRPA-1:: GFP in the same cells as ljEx107 (see Expr4646), but with some additional cells, including the majority of amphid sensory neurons (for example, ASH, AWA, AWB, ASI and ASK) and the phasmid neurons PHA and PHB. The full-length TRPA-1:: GFP fusion was also expressed in the PVD and PDE in the postdeirid sensilla and the sensory neurons OLQ and IL1. Other neurons in the head and ventral nerve cord also expressed TRPA-1:: GFP.
• Subcellular Localization: The fusion protein was observed at the cilia of sensory neurons, as well as at the cell body.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4492
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in anterior neurons (not individually identified in this study) from L2 to adult, intestine at adult stage, pharynx from L2 to adult, head hypodermal cells/muscle from L2 to adult stage, specific pair of head neurons from L2 to adult.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4491
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in anterior neurons (not individually identified in this study) from L2 to adult, posterior neurons from L2 to adult, pharynx in some L2/L3 animals, head hypodermal cells/muscle at adult stage, specific pair of head neurons from L2 to adult.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4485
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in anterior neurons (not individually identified in this study) from L2 to adult, posterior neurons from L2 to adult, intestine from L2 to adult, pharynx from L2 to adult, mid body cell bodies in some L4 animals, head hypodermal cells/muscle from L2 to adult.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4486
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in posterior neurons from L2 to adult, intestine from L2 to adult, pharynx from L2 to adult, head hypodermal cells/muscle in some L2/L3 animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4487
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in anterior neurons (not individually identified in this study) from L2 to adult, pharynx from L2 to adult, mid body cell bodies at L4, head hypodermal cells/muscle at adult stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4488
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in anterior neurons (not individually identified in this study) in L2/L3 and adult, intestine from L2 to adult, pharynx from L2 to adult, head hypodermal cells/muscle at L4 stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4480
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in pharynx from L2 to adult, in some animals also expressed in pharyngeal neurons (not individually identified in this study) at L2/L3 and adult, head hypodermal cells/muscle from L4 to adult, posterior neurons from L4 to adult, body wall muscle from L4 to adult. Expressed in anterior neurons (not individually identified in this study) from L2 to adult.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4479
• Remark: No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stage.
• Pattern: Expressed in pharynx from L2 to adult, in some animals also expressed in pharyngeal neurons (not individually identified in this study) from L2 to L4 and head hypodermal cells/muscle at L4.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8984
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3A, 3B.
• Pattern: Staining was observed in all larval and adult stages, localizing to the nuclei of the hypodermal cells, specifically the head (hyp3, hyp4, hyp6, and hyp7) and seam/body (hyp7, H, V, and P) hypodermal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3695
• Pattern: Fluorescence was observed in epithelial cells that synthesize cuticle. Expressed in the hypodermis, including the major body syncytium, hyp7, and hypodermal cells in the head and tail. A pulse of fluorescence was observed in the hypodermis prior to molting. Fluorescence from mlt-8p::gfp-pest was first detected approximately 3 h before the L1/L2 molt, or 13 h after hatchlings synchronized by starvation were fed and incubated at 25 centigrades. The intensity of fluorescence increased until lethargus and then decreased rapidly, such that GFP was barely detectable just 2 h after molting. When monitoring individual transgenic larvae over the course of development, fluorescence from mlt-8p::gfp-pest was observed from 65 +/- 2% to 90 +/- 2% of the duration of each larval stage. The mlt-8 reporter was expressed, in larvae, in a single posterior neuron that remains to be identified. Expression of the gfp fusion genes was never detected in the hypodermis of gravid adults that no longer molt.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11753
• Remark: genomic

• Primary Identifier: Expr12196
• Pattern: To determine where lite-1 is expressed and identify likely sites of lite-1 function, the authors generated and examined worms carrying one of four transgenes derived from the wild-type lite-1 locus: a genomic fragment (lite-1 genomic), a transcriptional fusion (lite-1prom::gfp), a C-terminal translational fusion (lite-1prom::lite-1::gfp), and an N-terminal translational fusion (lite-1prom::gfp::lite-1). GFP expression was observed in a total of 29 cells: pharyngeal neurons M1, M4, M5, and MI; non-pharyngeal neurons ASK, ADL, ASI, ASH, AVG, AVB, RIM, ADF, PHA, PHB, and PVT; and non-neuronal cells Hyp3 (hypoderm), AMso (amphid socket cells), and PHso (phasmid socket cells). AVB was observed only with the C-terminal fusion transgene, and RIM and ADF were observed only with the transcriptional fusion transgene. lite-1 expression in AVG and PVT was previously reported.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8910
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expressed in phyaryngeal muscle, marginal cells, all intestinal cells, seam (strong), other hypodermis (weak), arcade cells, spermatheca, vulva and rectal epithelial cells,

• Primary Identifier: Expr8021
• Remark: Picture: Figure 2d.
• Pattern: The 3.6 kb region upstream of the olrn-1b start site was expressed in the marginal cells of the pharynx, anterior hypodermal cells and the rectal gland cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1144
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: LacZ expressed in neurons, the hypodermis, and the spermatheca. The expression is seen in nuclei of the hypodermal syncytia hyp3-hyp10, but not in the seam cells. The lacZ expressing hypodermal cells are both embryonically derived and postembryonically derived, from the P and V blast cells. At the L1 stage the expression is uniform in the hypodermis, however in later stages, especially L4 to young adult, the expression takes the form of a gradient centered on the vulval region of the hermaphrodites.
• Subcellular Localization: nuclei

• Primary Identifier: Expr1396
• Pattern: The earliest detectable expression of UNC-115::GFP was in neurons and epidermis at about 300 min postfertilization, when the embryo begins to elongate, and axons begin to grow. UNC-115::GFP and the shorter fusion GFPS was expressed in most or all neurons throughout development. UNC-115::GFP expression was also observed in non neuronal cells, including the epidermal syncytium hyp7, the head and tail epidermal cells, the excretory canal cell, the pharynx, and the developing vulva, but not in the lateral epidermal seam cells or the ventral epidermal P cells. The earliest detectable expression of UNC-115::GFP was in neurons and epidermis at about 300 min postfertilization, when the embryo begins to elongate, and axons begin to grow. UNC-115::GFP and the shorter fusion GFPS was expressed in most or all neurons throughout development. UNC-115::GFP expression was also observed in nonneuronal cells, including the epidermal syncytium hyp7, the head and tail epidermal cells, the excretory canal cell, the pharynx, and the developing vulva, but not in the lateral epidermal seam cells or the ventral epidermal P cells.
• Subcellular Localization: UNC-115::GFP protein was present uniformly in neuronal cell bodies and processes and was excluded from nuclei. The protein was also present at high levels in the growth cones of developing axons as they extended to their targets and in cell-cortex-associated plaques along the excretory canals as well as plaques at the junctions of epidermal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8408
• Pattern: Expression detected from late embryos to adults. In late embryos to L1, expression is seen in dnc and intestine. From L2 to adults, expression is detected in almost all tissues except germline; specifically muscle, rectum, vulva, spermatheca, pharynx, intestine, vnc, dnc, nerve ring, hypodermis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8409
• Pattern: Expression seen from late L1 to adult stages. Weak expression detected ubiquitously (except germline). Stronger in pharynx, vulva, vulval muscle, body wall muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8458
• Pattern: Expression seen ubiquitously (except germline) from pre-comma stage to adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8466
• Pattern: Expression detected from L1 to adult. Expression becomes stronger in later stages and in adults is almost ubiquitous. Strongest expression seen in nerve ring, hypodermis, vulva and pharynx.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8479
• Pattern: Expression seen from L1 to adult stages. Strong expression seen is pharynx, vulva and rectal glands. Weak expression seen in hypodermis and seam cells. Also seen in canal nerves, spermatheca/uterine valve and head neuron. Posterior intestine expression also detected.

• Primary Identifier: Expr970
• Remark: Data observed from, atIs13, atEx32 and atEx35.
• Pattern: In comma to 1.5-fold stage embryos, the nhr-25::GFP are expressed in the V cells, P cells and hyp7. Expression also observed in the head and tail hypodermal cells of embryos. The earliest expression is at ~250-300 min post fertilization. atEx32 and atEx35 L1 animals exhibited consistent reporter expression in the hyp7 and P cell nuclei. The P cell expression was very strong at hatching. GFP expression in the P cell and hyp7 decreased during mid-L1, but frequently increased late L1. At hatching no expression in observed in the V cells. In mid L1 the V cells divided and the anterior daughters begin to express GFP as they join the syncytium. Strong expression is also seen in the head and tail hypodermal nuclei of L1 larva. Expression in the hypodermal nuclei of older larva stages is similar to that in the L1. GFP expression decreases markedly in adults. GFP is also observed in other ectodermal cells. In L1, expression is observed in the G2(excretory pore) cell and in a cell tentatively identified as the W neuroblast. In older larva, expression continues in G2 but disappears in the W lineage once the cells divides to generate neurons. Beginning in L2, GFP is expressed in the region around the rectum. Expression is also occasionally observed in the anterior pharynx, in the nuclei with positions consistent with those of the pharyngeal epithelial cells.
• Subcellular Localization: nuclei

• Primary Identifier: Expr1639
• Remark: Double staining with antisera against GFP and the epithelial junction protein JAM-1 (MH27) was performed to characterize embryonic expression in more detail.
• Pattern: Epidermal cells in C. elegans are born on the dorsal side of the embryo, and the epidermal sheet migrates ventrally to enclose other tissues and anteriorly to cover the head. slt-1::GFP was first detectable just as the migrating epidermal cells completely covered the head and was expressed in hyp4, hyp1, and other epidermal cells. At the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis, expression spread beyond the anterior cap of cells to other anteriorly located cells, including the most anterior head muscle cells and some anterior socket cells, a set of glia associated with head sensilla. During the second half of embryogenesis, when most cells and axons in the developing nervous system are migrating, slt-1::GFP expression was concentrated in anterior cells and excluded from the middle of the body. Expression in anterior cells, including the anterior hyp cells, continued throughout larval stages and in the adult. Around the two-fold stage of embryogenesis, slt-1::GFP expression became evident in pharyngeal cells, including the most posterior pharyngeal muscle. Expression in the pharynx persisted through the L1 stage and in the adult. Beginning at the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis, slt-1::GFP was expressed in dorsal body wall muscles in a striking asymmetric pattern. Dorsal muscle expression began in the posterior embryo and spread anteriorly by the L1 larval stage, all dorsal muscles expressed slt-1::GFP. Robust expression in dorsal muscles persisted throughout the life of the animal. slt-1::GFP was also expressed in ventral body wall muscles, beginning in the L1 stage in posterior ventral muscles and continuing to more anterior muscles in later larval stages. Throughout development, dorsal muscles expressed more slt-1::GFP than ventral muscles. slt-1::GFP was expressed in the BDU neuron in the body and the RIH and RMED neurons, which have the most anterior axons in the nerve ring. Expression was first detected in comma stage embryos, with expression restricted to a cap of anterior cells. slt-1::GFP is not expressed in ventral epidermal cells. slt-1::GFP was expressed in the anal sphincter muscle.

0 Life Stages

5 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
cylindrical hypodermal syncytium in the head, including hyp1-hyp6	anterior hypodermis	head hypodermis	WBbt:0005373
primary cell type that forms the hypodermis.	hypodermal cell		WBbt:0007846
embryonic cell	ABpraapaaa		WBbt:0005888
cell that has more than one nucleus.	syncytium	syncitium	WBbt:0008074
embryonic cell	ABplaapaaa		WBbt:0006069