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Expr4691
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GFP was detected in epidermal cells including the head epidermal cells hyp1 to hyp5, the hyp7 syncytium, the tail epidermal cells hyp8 to hyp11, and the ventral Pn.p cells. GFP expression was also detected in the excretory duct cell. |
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Picture: Figure 4a-i. |
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Expr4983
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High levels of constitutive GFP expression was observed in the pre-anal, vulval, hypodermal, glial amphid socket and excretory duct cells of the adult animal. |
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Expr4344
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qua-1pro::GFP was found to be expressed in the hypodermal cells covering the whole body from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail spike, but not in the lateral hypodermal cells, i.e., the seam cells. Furthermore, expression was seen in the excretory duct and pore cells from threefold stage embryos to adults. However, in adults the GFP intensity appears weaker than in larvae. In L1 larvae, qua-1 is expressed in two, sometimes four, cells of the anterior as well as the posterior of the intestine and a rectal epithelial cell. In addition, transient expression was observed in the P cells in L1 in the ventral side of the animal and in a few sensilla support cells in the head. In adults, qua-1pro::GFP is transiently expressed in a few cells in the head that remain to be identified. |
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Expr4430
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Expressed in the excretory duct and pore cells. |
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Expr4432
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Expressed in the excretory duct and pore cells. |
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Expr4429
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Expressed in the hypodermis from embryo stage through adulthood. Expressed in the seam cells from embryo through adult. Expressed in the rectal epithelial cells from L1 and maintained through adulthood. Expressed in anterior and posterior arcades. Expressed in the excretory duct and pore cells. |
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Expr4458
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Expressed in the excretory duct and pore cells. Expression shown in the intestine, usually stronger in the cells at the terminal regions. |
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Expr11306
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Strong expression in young larvae, progressively weaker in older larvae and adults, hypodermis (incl. seam cells), rectal epithelium, pharyngeal muscle (usually very weak), gut, arcade cells, excretory duct and pore cells, OLQs(?) |
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Expr16291
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PTR- 4::SfGFP was not detected during the early part of embryogenesis but appeared by the twofold stage along the apical membranes of the epidermis, excretory duct and pore, and rectum. However, PTR-4 expression was transient and rapidly cleared prior to hatching. PTR-4 reappeared in the middle of each subsequent larval stage, during the time when precuticle is present. During L4 stage, the stage pre- ceding adulthood, PTR-4 was present on apical surfaces between the major epidermis (hyp7) and the lateral seam cells (Figure 5E), which secrete alae (as well as precuticle factors that are needed to shape alae; Lie ́geois et al. 2006; Kolotuev et al. 2009; Forman- Rubinsky et al. 2017; Cohen et al. 2019; Flatt et al. 2019). PTR-4 was also present along apical surfaces of the rectum and of some cells in the vulva, the tube through which eggs will be laid. As in embryogenesis, PTR-4 was transient and disappeared as the adult cuticle was made. Together, these observations demon- strate that PTR-4 is present on the apical surfaces of external epithelia during the time period when precuticle is present. |
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Expr9722
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Expression becomes detectable around the comma stage of embryogenesis and persists through adulthood. Expression in vulval precursor cells is strong and can first be seen in L3. PQN-47::GFP is expressed in seam cells, peaking at L2 and ceasing after the seam cells differentiate in late L4, concurrent with the appearance of alae. The intestine shows variably undetectable to low pqn-47 expression (always less than in the neurons) and gets dimmer as development progresses, especially after L3. The two bulbs of the pharynx, specifically pharyngeal muscle cells pm3-8 (not pm6), are variably bright. Overall expression levels are lower in adults than younger animals, with only some expression in head and tail neurons remaining. Head and nerve ring neurons, pharyngeal cells, ventral nerve cord cells, vulval precursor cells, seam (though interestingly not hyp7), as well as cells in the tail show the strongest pqn-47 expression. Muscle, intestine, the distal tip cells of the gonad, the spermatheca, and a large neuron that may be CAN that is essential for survival but of unknown function near the vulva (also bathed in pseudocoelom fluid, and next to the seam and canal cells), as well as a subset of the ciliated neurons of the head (amphid neurons ASI, ADL, ASK, or AWB) and tail including phasmid cilia PHA and PHB, also express pqn-47. We could not detect expression in the pharyngeal glands as reported for a different promoter pqn-47 fusion construct made as part of a high-throughput analysis of gene expression, although other tissues did show similar patterns. Promoter and translational reporters show pqn-47 expression in numerous somatic cells, including cells uniquely poised to mediate or transmit signal(s) involved in the regulation of molting, some of which have been implicated in molting. For example, many cells expressing PQN-47 have significant exposure to the pseudocoelom, and as such are candidates to transmit or detect endocrine signals; the H-shaped excretory cell and its ducts, which form extensive gap junctions with the hypodermis and lie against the pseudocoelom along the entire body of the worm (Nelson and Riddle, 1984), the head mesodermal cell (hmc) lies in the pseudocoelom up against the (excretory) gland cell and forms gap junctions with them and muscle, and the VPI cells at the juncture of the pharynx and intestine are bathed by the pseudocoelom, as well as the intestine itself. |
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Expr14573
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Both transcriptional reporters were broadly expressed in embryos and L1 larvae. Both reporters showed expression in the canal, duct, and pore of the excretory system and the seam cells of the epidermis, which sit under the alae and are presumed to secrete factors required for alae development, and in the rectum. The reporters were also active in a number of cells in the pharynx and near the nose tip, where dendrites are anchored. Although both reporters were active in L1 larvae, they were progressively fainter in subsequent larval stages and were not observed in adults. |
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Expr14574
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Both transcriptional reporters were broadly expressed in embryos and L1 larvae. Both reporters showed expression in the canal, duct, and pore of the excretory system and the seam cells of the epidermis, which sit under the alae and are presumed to secrete factors required for alae development, and in the rectum. The reporters were also active in a number of cells in the pharynx and near the nose tip, where dendrites are anchored. Although both reporters were active in L1 larvae, they were progressively fainter in subsequent larval stages and were not observed in adults. |
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Picture: Fig. 4B. |
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Expr7999
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Staining observed using lacZ reporter (Expr7998) was confirmed. In addition, staining for the PHY-4.1 polypeptide was found in the excretory duct of the excretory system. |
Staining was seen in the pharynx lumen and at the boundary between the pharynx and the gut. |
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Clone: pUL#JRH/AF11 |
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Expr7639
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Excretory cell, excretory duct, and gland cell expression is observed from late embryo to adult (weak in adults). Strong expression in vulval tissue from formation. |
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Expr14160
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ASI, ASG, CAN, excretory cell, gut |
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Expr2257
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Rescued transgenic animals showed NPR-1::GFP fluorescence predominantly in the nervous system. The NPR-1::GFP-expressing cells in the head were identified as sensory neurons AQR, ASE, ASG, ASH (L4/adult stages only), URX, IL2L/R and OLQ (with its socket and sheath cells), the interneurons AUA and SAAD, the motor neurons RMG and SMBD, and the pharyngeal neuron M3. In the ventral nerve cord, expression was observed in the GABA-containing VD and DD motoneurons. In the tail, expression was seen in the sensory neurons PQR, PHA and PHB. The interneurons RIV, RIG and SDQ was also identified as expressing NPR-1::GFP. For most neurons, expression was seen throughout post-embryonic life, usually in both partners of bilaterally symmetrical neuron pairs. NPR-1::GFP fluorescence was also seen in a muscle in the terminal bulb of the pharynx, and sometimes in the excretory duct cell and excretory canal. |
NPR-1::GFP fluorescence was visible on neuron cell bodies, axons and dendrites. |
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Expr3510
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Pdaf-6GFP was expressed in the amphid sheath glia. Expression was also seen in amphid socket cells, the phasmid sensory organ sheath and socket cells, cells of the excretory system (the excretory canal, duct, pore, and gland cells), the vulval E and F cells, the K, K', F, and U rectal epithelial cells, and less frequently in posterior intestinal cells. |
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Expr3511
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In the amphid, DAF-6::GFP fusion protein expression usually persisted only up to the L1 larval stage, and the protein localized to the region of the amphid channel formed by the sheath and socket cells. DAF-6::GFP also localized to the luminal surfaces of tubes generated by other cells expressing daf-6. As in the amphid, expression in the phasmid sheath and socket cells usually did not persist beyond the L1 larval stage. Expression in vulval cells was usually restricted to the L4 larval stage, after the cells were generated and during or shortly after the vulval lumen was generated. Expression in the rectum and excretory system was observed throughout embryogenesis and larval development, but usually not during adulthood. DAF-6::GFP protein was detected in punctate structures within the cytoplasm of expressing cells. This localization was best seen in the vulva and in the excretory canal cell. Thus, DAF-6 may localize to vesicles as well. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8930
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Expressed in all intestinal cells(weak), major hypodermis, vulva epithelium, rectal epithelium, AMsh, IL/OLso and excretory duct cell. |
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Expr3279
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In the embryo, the downstream promoter (ten-1b) is most active in the descendants of the ABp cell and in the hypodermis. The dorsal hypodermal cells and the ventral leader cells were most prominently labeled. During postembryonic development, GFP fluorescence was visible in specialized epithelial cells including the arcade cells of the anterior end and the excretory duct. Ten-1b is also active in a subset of neurons including CAN and HSN neurons as well as neurons of the lumbar and retro-vesicular ganglion and some nerve ring interneurons. In males, GFP fluorescence is also visible in R8 and R9 ray neurons. |
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Picture: Figure 3. |
[snt-1::SNT-1A::CFP; snt-1::SNT-1B::YFP]. SNT-1A::CFP and SNT-1B::YFP transgenes were integrated separately, and a strain containing both integrated transgenes was constructed. |
Expr8300
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Imaging this strain revealed significant differences in SNT-1 isoform expression and localization. The SNT-1A isoform is abundantly expressed in most neurons, and the distribution of this isoform is synaptic, resembling that of the endogenous SNT-1 (see Expr334). In contrast, the SNT-1B isoform is expressed at lower levels and in fewer neurons than SNT-1A. Many neurons express both SNT-1A and -1B, although the relative amount of each isoform varies greatly between individual cells, and some neurons appear to express only the SNT-1A isoform. Strong exclusive expression of the SNT-1B isoform was also observed in a single ventral cell located just anterior to the terminal bulb of the pharynx; which might be the excretory duct cell. In addition, SNT-1B is strongly expressed in a cluster of tail neurons, including DVB. |
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Picture: Figure 8. |
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Expr8580
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Consistent lpr-1::GFP expression initiates immediately after the comma stage of embryogenesis and continues throughout the remainder of embryonic and larval development. At the three-fold stage of embryogenesis, lpr-1::GFP is expressed within both the excretory duct cell and pore cell, and in G2, which adopts excretory pore cell function later in development. Authors observed no expression within the excretory canal cell. lpr-1::GFP is also expressed in hyp7, seam cells, and P cells, all of which are epidermal cell types that surround the excretory system. |
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Both cgt-1 and cgt-3 showed additional, non-overlapping, expression in some non-identified head cells. With the possible exception of a few amphid neurons, authors could not detect any expression of cgt-1 or cgt-3 in the nervous system. Picture: Fig. 6. |
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Expr8571
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Both cgt-1::gfp and cgt-3::gfp were strongly expressed in pharyngeal muscles and in other pharyngeal cells, although their expression did not completely overlap. In addition, they showed strong expression in the pharyngeal intestinal valve (PIV), in the intestinal cells (particularly the most anterior and the most posterior), in the intestinal rectal valve (IRV), and in the three rectal gland cells (RGCs). cgt-1::gfp expressed in the excretory cell, excretory canals, duct cell and pore cell. |
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Picture: Fig. 2B. |
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Expr8162
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SID-2::GFP localized to the intestinal lumen and was also detected at much lower levels in excretory duct cells. |
intestinal lumen |
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Picture: Fig. 1, B to D. |
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Expr8034
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In addition to the excretory cell, the recombined GFP reporter was expressed in the excretory duct, hypodermis, spermatheca, body wall muscle, and nerve cord. |
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Expr15196
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GFP::POD-2 expression is strongest in the intestine, and prominent in the hypodermis, gonad sheath (especially proximal sheath), CAN neuron, and excretory duct. No germline expression was detected,including by anti-GFP staining of dissected gonads. This was most clearly observed by examination of the distal gonad; however, abundant GFP::POD-2 or FASN-1::GFP expression in the proximal sheath cells made it more difficult to evaluate expression in the proximal germline. GFP::POD-2 expression in embryos first appears with development of hypodermal and intestinal cells. Neither GFP::POD-2 nor GFP-labelled FASN-1 is expressed in the DTC. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr631
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LacZ staining is first detected in both Z1.pp and Z4.aa and is seen in Z1.ppp, Z4.aaa, Z1.ppa and Z4.aap. All four cells continue to express until the middle of the L2 stage during AC/VU decision and then expression is restricted to either Z1.ppp or Z4.aaa, with expression observed in presumptive VU (Z1.ppa and Z4.aap) but not in presumptive AC. This is consistent with GFP fluorescence observed. lin-12::lacZ staining disappears in the VUs; staining reappears in their daughters just after division. The level of lin-12::lacZ expression from early L2 until the Vulva Precursor Cells (VPCs) divide in the L3 is uniform in all 6 VPCs. lin-12::lacZ reporter is also expressed in all twelve of the granddaughters of the VUs. There appears to be a time during the early L3 stage when the VUs no longer express the lin-12::lacZ reporter gene. During L3, beta-gal activity is detected in two sheath cells in each gonad arm: sheath cells No. 1 (Z1.paaa, Z1.apa, Z4.pap, and Z4.appp). During early L4 stage, eight more sheath cells express the transgene: sheath cells No. 2 (Z1.paapaaa, Z1.appaaa, Z4.paappp, and Z4.appappp) and sheath cells No. 3 (Z1.paapaap, Z1.appaap, Z4.paappa, and Z4.appappa). Staining is almost always observed in sheath cells No. 1 in the L3 and L4 stages as well as in the young adult. Only a subset of animals consistently express the reporter gene in sheath cells No. 2. Staining in sheath cells No. 3 are never detected once the nuclei have migrated for out along the arm. Staining is observed in 12 sheath cells during the late L3/early L4 stages soon after they are born. As the cells move out the gonad arm, staining is only detected in one member of pair No. 1 and one member of pair No. 2 in each arm. Staining is detected during L4 in up to eight spermathecal cells [Z1.papaa(a/p) (d/v), Z4.apaaa(a/p)(d/v), Z1.pappp(a/p)(d/v) and Z4.apapp(a/p)(d/v)] in each arm. The progenitors of these cells [Z1.papaa(a/p), Z4.apaaa(a/p), Z1.pappp(a/p) and Z4.apapp(a/p)] also express the reporter gene. During the L2 and early L3 stages, lin-12::lacZ is expressed in all six VPCs. LacZ staining is detected in all 12 daughters of the VPCs (Pn.px stage), and is then restricted to P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. High level of GFP expression is seen in the daughters of P5.p and P7.p but not in the daughters of p6.p. Variable level of GFP is detected in the daughters of P3,p, P4.p and P8.p. In the VPC granddaughters GFP is detected in P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. Weak staining is detected in two of the granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the L cells, but is undetected in their progeny. Expression is always detected in the other two granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the N and T cells. There is no staining in the T descendants of P6.p cells. The N cells do not divide and staining is detected in both N cells throughout vulval morphogenesis in the L4 stage and in young adults. Staining can be detected in the T daughters in the L4 stage and in young adults. The parents of the SM/bm precursor cells; M.vlp and M.vrp and their dorsal equivalents, M.dlp and M.drp all express lin-12 reporter gene. After division of the parent cells, the SM/bm precursor cells and their dorsal equivalents also express the reporter gene as do the sisters of these cells. Expression is detected in both the SM and bm cells on the left and right sides of the animal. Staining persists in these cells on the ventral side even after it is no longer detectable in the cells of the dorsal side. [M.vrpa, M.vlpa, M.vrpp, M.vlpp, M.drpa, M.dla, M.drpp and M.dlpp]. Expression is detected in a discrete subset of cells during embryogenesis. Staining was only observed in pairs or groups of cells from the 28-cell stage to about the 400-cell stage. Two of the cells that express the gene in the >300-cell embryo may be the intestinal valve cells. Expression is seen in a discrete subset of cells in the ventral nerve cord of L1 larvae. There are three small nuclei that stain in the head region that may be G2, W, the excretory duct cell, G1 or the neuroblast that is the equipotent equivalent of the excretory cell. Staining was observed in the excretory cell. |
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Expr12863
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The C. elegans N2 strain was also examined for the expression of DPY-31 following immunolocalisation with a C. elegans affinity purified anti-DPY- 31 peptide antibody. As for the transgenic reporter fusion (Expr12862), the expression of CeDPY-31 was primarily located in the gut cells, but was also found in the excretory duct of the excretory system. |
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Expr14485
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lpr-3 was transcribed in external (cuticle secreting) epithelia, including the epidermis, excretory duct and pore cells, and vulva cells, as well as in the gut, but not in the excretory canal cell. Expression began prior to ventral enclosure and persisted throughout larval development, but then disappeared in adults. |
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Expr12012
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Strong mid-L4 larvae C06G1.1p::gfp expression was found in the seam cells, two tail hypodermal cells, four cells in the excretory duct system (duct, excretory, gland cells), vulval muscles, and possible IL or OLQ sheath or socket neuronal support cells similar to the expression pattern observed for Ppa-obi-1. In contrast to the earliest Ppa-obi-1 expression in pre-comma stage, C06G1.1 expression is detectable during late embryogenesis in putative seam cells. However, the seam cell expression is detected earlier than Ppa-obi-1p::gfp in the L1 stage and seam cell expression is maintained until the young adult stage. Like Ppa-obi-1, C06G1.1 expression is largely absent in all tissue types when the transgenic animals become one-day old adult hermaphrodites, coinciding with the fusion of seam cells into a syncytium. This observation indicates that C06G1.1 expression in the excretory and epithelial system may be coordinated and involved in seam cell development. |
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