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Expr4781
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Confocal analysis of strains containing the Punc-31::GFP transcriptional reporter revealed expression in the nerve ring, ventral nerve cord motor neurons, preanal ganglion, and head ganglion. Counts of cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord and preanal ganglion revealed an average of 65 +/- 2 (n = 4) GFP-positive cells, indicating that essentially all of the neurons of the ventral nerve cord and preanal ganglion express unc-31. Additional positive identifications were made for SDQ, PDE, BDU, ALM, DVA, DVB, DVC, HSN, and CAN neurons. Because these encompass most of the identifiable neurons in the background of a pan-neuronal expression pattern, authors infer that unc-31 may be expressed in essentially all neurons. All reporter strains also displayed expression in the vulval muscles VM1 and VM2 and occasional expression in what is likely VulE and VulF. Consistent expression was also noted in the UV1 cells and the spermatheca. In summary, CAPS/UNC-31 is expressed throughout the nervous system and in other secretory cells. |
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Expr4259
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These transgenes express in the vulF cells of the vulva, and the uv1 cells of the uterus. |
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Expr4465
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Expressed in vulF. |
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For dre-1::gfp, a 4 kb promoter was amplified with primers 5' -GGTACCCGAGGGGACATCGAGATAG-3' and 5' -GGTACCTTCCTGGCCAACCAGAGAC-3' and was cloned into Fire vector L3781 (BA 279). The dre-1 ORF and the dre-1 3' UTR region were amplified with primers 5' -GCTAGCATGTCGTCCTCTTCGTCAC-3' and 5' -ACTAGTTACTTACTCCACTCCACACAG-3' and were cloned into BA279 (BA280). Lines containing this construct included dhEx346 and dhIs442. To obtain the full-length promoter construct, authors substituted the promoter from BA279 with a 12.3 kb promoter by using primers 5' -GCGGCCGCGTTGCACACAAAACATTATTATTTTCTTTCTCTT-3' and 5' -TACGTATCTCGTCCCTGAGATCTCTCATTT-3' (BA508). Resulting lines containing this array included dhEx443 and dhEx452. --precise ends. |
Expr4547
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First detected by midembryogenesis, expression was most prominent in epidermal and intestinal cells. By the 1.5-fold stage of embryogenesis, expression was additionally detected in neurons and other cells. During larval and adult stages, DRE-1::GFP was most visible in epidermal seam cells and hypodermis. Expression was high in larvae and low in adults. In addition, DRE-1 was strongly expressed in the P epidermal blast cells and descendents that give rise to the vulva. Weak expression was seen in the somatic gonad, including the gonadoblasts, the anchor cell, dtcs, and occasionally adult spermatheca and uterus. Notably, with another construct (dhEx346, 4 kb promoter, 4 kb coding region), dtc expression was stronger and commenced by mid-L3. In the musculature, DRE-1 was seen in the pharynx, anal depressor, sex muscles, and body wall muscles. Finally, DRE-1 was detected in neurons of the head, tail, ventral cord, and periphery. |
Generally, DRE-1::GFP was localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, and it was broadly expressed, including in phenotypically affected tissues. |
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Expr4502
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A transcriptional reporter for sel-2 in which the 5' upstream region drives nuclearly localized YFP is expressed in the VPCs and their descendants, as well as in many other cell types, including the epithelial cells of the intestine and the rectum, the seam cells, many cells in the head and the tail, and the cells of the ventral nerve cord. |
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Isoform 1a |
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Expr11754
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Most of the tissues expressing rcn-1 overlap with those observed in calcineurin GFP and by immunostaining, including lateral hypodermal cells, vulva muscle tissue, nerve cords, and diverse neuronal expression. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2548
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GFP analysis of the transformed animals revealed that rcn-1 is expressed from late embryonic stages to adulthood in diverse tissues, including lateral hypodermal cells, marginal cells of the pharynx, vulva epithelial cells, ventral and dorsal nerve cords and commissures, and various neurons in the anterior and posterior portions of the worm. Male C. elegans displayed rcn-1 expression in male tail structures including the diagonal muscles, sensory rays, and spicules. GFP expression analysis of a shorter 1.6 kb 50 upstream fragment of rcn-1 revealed vulva muscle expression in addition to the aforementioned expression patterns. |
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All of the reporter constructs produced the same cell-specific expression pattern as transgenes. |
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Expr1438
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The reporter transgenes express ubiquitously in the early embryo starting at about the 100 cell stage during gastrulation. In late embryogenesis and posthatching, expression is more limited. Strongest expression is observed in migrating cells and growing neurons as these cells undergo movements on the epidermis. At hatching, the reporters express in many neurons throughout the animal, in several cells of the pharynx including some pharyngeal neurons, in the elongated processes of the excretory cells, in the amphid and phasmid sheath and socket cells, in the tail hypodermis, and at later stages in intestine, muscles, vulva, and somatic gonad including the gonad sheath and hermaphrodite distal tip cells. The neurons expressing unc-73 include the PLM, ALM, PDE, HSN, CAN, PHC, and PVN neurons and the ventral cord motorneurons. Expression in the HSNs is absent in early larval stages, but begins late in the second larval stage (L2), precisely when axon outgrowth is initiated from the HSN cell bodies. The Q neuroblasts, Pn neuroectoblasts, sex myoblasts (SMs), and canal associated neurons (CANs) express unc-73 reporters. The left and right Q cells begin to express the GFP reporter as they initiate their migrations along the longitudinal axis of the epidermis during the early first larval (L1) stage, and expression in these cells continues beyond the completion of their first division. The unc-73 reporters express in the Pn cells just before this second phase of movemen. The distal tip cells also express the unc-73/reporters during their migration. |
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The specificity of the antibody staining is indicated by the following controls: first, the staining is competed away by preincubation of the antibody with GPB-1 protein and, second, gpb-1 mutant embryos do not exhibit any staining. |
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Expr2747
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In situ immunohistochemistry with this antiserum shows that GPB-1 is present in early embryos. Diffuse staining can be seen at the 1-cell stage. From the 2-cell stage onward. Up to the beginning of morphogenesis, staining continues at approximately equal levels in most or all cells. Once tissue differentiation occurs, staining is brightest in neuronal cells. In larval and adult stages, GPB-1 expression is seen in most or all neurons, including the nerve ring, the dorsal and ventral nerve cords, and the preanal ganglion. In addition, the somatic gonad, vulva, and hypodermal seam cells have high expression. Other tissues, such as the intestine, pharynx, and body wall muscles, appear to have a low level of expression. GPB-1 is also expressed in the germline. |
GPB-1 is detected most strongly at the cell membrane, with staining concentrated at the contact between cells. Interestingly, staining also colocalizes with the asters (arrays of microtubules emanating from the centrosomes) just before and during early cell divisions. |
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Expr3419
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The functional mrp-1::GFP gene was expressed not only in the pharynx, pharynx-intestinal valve cells, anterior intestinal cells, intestinal-rectum valve cells and epithelial cells of the vulva, but also in some neurons, as well as other intestinal cells and hypodermal seam cells. Expression was detected already in the pharynx, intestine and neurons in L1 larvae. |
Localized in cell membrane. |
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Expr1899
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Expression of the construct is first detected during embryogenesis, at the beginning of morphogenesis. evl-20::gfp reporter is strongly expressed in the migrating hypodermal cells throughout the enclosure process. Shortly after the beginning of elongation, evl-20::gfp is turned on in many developing neurons, where it persists through adulthood. (This pattern reflects zygotic evl-20 expression, and it is possible that the maternally produced endogenous gene product is also present in the early embryo. However, such maternal expression cannot be recapitulated by the reporter construct due to the germline silencing effect.) In larva, the construct is expressed in a subset of developing tissues. The reporter construct is highly expressed in all 22 cells of the vulva in mid L4 stage. No apparent difference in levels of expression between cells adopting primary and secondary vulval fates can be seen. evl-20::gfp expression can first be detected in P5.p to P7.p during the two-cell stage, after the first round of VPCs divisions. GFP expression was observed in the somatic gonad during L2 to L4 stages. The expression was the strongest in the uterus, although it was also detectable in the spermatheca, sheath cells, and the distal tip cells (DTC). Expression of the construct in the vulva and the gonad was undetectable in adult worms. GFP expression is also seen in many cells during male tail development, with the highest levels found in the proctodeum. As mentioned previously, evl-20 is also expressed in most neurons during larval stages and in the adult worm. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2894
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The longest construct, containing 10 kb of 5 upstream region from the first lin-3 exon, expresses lin-3::gfp in pharynx; spermathecal-uterine junction core cells and later in the spermatheca valve; pre-anchor (AC)/ventral uterine precursor (VU) cells and later in the anchor cell in the somatic gonad; vulF cells of the primary vulval lineage cells; and F, U and some of the B progeny cells in the male tail. This expression pattern was not affected by the different genetic backgrounds (dpy-20, pha-1 and unc-119) rescued by the corresponding co-injected rescue plasmids, implying that the gfp expression pattern is established by the lin-3 regulatory region. LIN-3 expression in different cells was temporally distinct as well. Expression in the pharynx was observed throughout post-embryonic stages. Spermathecal-uterine junction core cells, which later form the spermatheca valve, started expressing lin-3::gfp at the late L3 larval stage. |
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Other strain-- UL403 late embryo(author) = elongating embryo + fully-elongated embryo(curator). |
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Expr122
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Expression begins in precomma stage embryos. It is quite strong, with extensive diffuse cytoplasmic staining as well as nuclear localised staining. Expression is strongest in young larvae, with staining observed in the ventral nerve cord, the circumpharyngeal nerve ring, the head ganglion, the tail ganglion, the retrovesicular ganglion, and in the developing vulva. In older larvae and in adults the strong pharyngeal expression seen in young larvae is less intense and some neuronal processes in the head become apparent (e.g. the motorneuron M1). There is also staining in the pharyngo-intestinal valve and in the seam cells, though expression appears to exclude the nuclei and is generally intermittent along the seam. The defecation muscle group stain as does its axon, DVB. The dorsal cord also stains but is very faint. Two commissures stain (these are also faint), one is located anterior to the vulva, and the other is posterior to the vulva. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr700
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beta-gal staining detected in all developmental stages including embryos and is most intense in early larval stages. Although NLS was present in the construct between the promoter sequences and lacZ gene, beta-gal staining was found in the cytoplasm and at the membrane. mrp-1 expression is observed in cells of the pharynx, the pharynx-intestinal valve cells and the anterior intestinal cells, the epithelial cells of the vulva and the rectum-intestinal valve cells. Similar tissue distribution is observed with mrp-1::gfp. In L3, staining seen in pharynx, pharynx-intestinal valve and first intestinal cells, intestinal-rectum valve cells. In young adults, staining is detected in epithelial cells of the vulva. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). pPCUbi6 containing animals show various degrees of gonad abnormality and produce few progeny. |
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Expr729
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pPCubi3 Expression is observed in the intestine, nerve ring body muscle, hypodermis, pharynx, pharyngeal-intestinal valve, vulva and weak expression in the ventral nerve cord. No expression is seen in embryos. ppCubi6 Expression is observed at a higher level than pPCUbi3 animals. With additional expression seen in all somatic cells of gonad, including distal tip cells, sheath cells and cells of spermatheca and uterus. Also expression is seen throughout the embryos. |
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Expr9214
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NCK-1B isoform was expressed exclusively in the vulva cells of the developing vulva, pharynx, intestine, distal tip cells (DTCs), gonad arms and spermatheca. In embryos, NCK-1B-GFP is expressed in the intestine, nervous system, epidermal cells and pharynx. In adult animals, NCK-1B-GFP is expressed in the nerve ring, amphid neurons, ventral nerve cord (VNC) and dorsal nerve cord (DNC), SDQ neurons, mechanosensory neurons (PVM and AVM), as well as in the CAN and HSN neurons. NCK-1B is also expressed in non-neuronal cells. NCK-1B is expressed in vulB1, vulB2, vulA, vulF and vulD cells, as well as in the leading edge (arrows) of the migrating vulva cells. In addition, NCK-1B is expressed in the spermathecal-uterine junction (sujn). |
The NCK-1B isoform was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. The nuclear localization appeared to be strong. |
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lima stage (author) = bean embryo (wjc). |
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Expr1074
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NID-1 was first detected in embryos at the beginning of morphogenesis (lima stage) localized to body wall muscle cells. As embryos elongate strong NID-1 staining is seen around body wall muscle cells and diffuse stain begins to accumulate on the surfaces of the pharyngeal and intestinal primordia. Once the embryo has elongated to the 2-fold stage, NID-1 has localized to the basal face of the body wall muscles and shows strong accumulation on the surfaces of the pharyngeal, intestinal, and gonad primordia. In three- and fourfold stage embryos, NID-1 accumulates to higher levels and remains localized under the four body wall muscle quadrants and on the surfaces of the pharynx, intestine, and gonad. In L1 larvae the intensity of staining of body wall muscle, pharynx, and intestine appears reduced, and strong staining associated with the nerve ring becomes apparent. This pattern continues through the L2 and L3 larval stages, with the addition of stronger staining of the distal tip cells as they lead the growth of the gonad. In late L3 to L4 stage larvae particularly strong NID-1 accumulation is seen associated with the distal tip cells and the developing somatic structures of the gonad, the spermatheca, uterus, and vulva. Under the body wall muscles of larval and adult stage animals NID-1 is organized as punctate lines. These lines follow the rows of dense bodies within the muscle cells. NID-1 also accumulates strongly at the outer edges of the muscle quadrants and more weakly at the boundaries between muscle cells within each quadrant. Less organized NID-1 staining is seen in the regions between the body wall muscle quadrants, presumably associated with the epidermal basement membranes in these regions. NID-1 accumulates along the four sublateral nerves that run beneath the center of each muscle quadrant. The sublateral nerves extend along dorso- and ventrolateral tracts from the nerve ring in the anterior of the animal to near the middle of the animal where they turn further lateral to positions coincident with the lateral edges of the body wall muscle quadrants. NID-1 accumulation on these nerves is seen in larval and adult animals and is similar in intensity to the staining at the edges of the body wall muscle quadrants. Staining along the edges of the body wall muscle quadrants appears to be associated with the muscle edges rather than the nerves in these regions because the staining closely follows the edge of the muscles and it does not display the left/right asymmetry expected for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords. Less organized NID-1 staining is also present in the regions between body wall muscle quadrants. |
membranes |
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Expr1455
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Almost every transgenic animal shows strong DAF-3/GFP expression in many, but not all, head neurons, the ventral nerve cord (both cell bodies and processes), the intestinal cells, especially the membrane adjacent to the intestinal lumen, and tail hypodermal cells and neurons. Weak expression in the pharynx, hypodermal V blast cells, P blast cells and hyp7 hypodermal cells is observed in about half of the transgenic animals. Expression in the tail hypodermal cells hyp 9, hyp 10, and hyp 11 is clearly seen in nearly every animal. This apparent difference between tail hypodermal expression and main body expression may be a consequence of the anatomy of the animal. The main body hypodermis is underlain by bright GFP in the intestine and ventral nerve cord, so weak expression in the hypodermis is hard to see against this background. Expression is rarely detected in dorsal body wall muscle. DAF-3/GFP is expressed in the distal tip cells and in their precursors, Z1.a and Z4.p, throughout development. DAF-3/GFP is also expressed strongly in unidentified vulval cells in adults. In wild-type embryos of 200 to 400 cells, DAF-3/GFP is expressed uniformly thoughout the embryo. |
In wild type, DAF-3/GFP is primarily, although not exclusively, cytoplasmic. DAF-3/GFP subcellular distribution was examined in head neurons in the vicinity of ASI (the cell that produces the DAF-7 signal), as well as in intestinal cells. DAF-3/GFP was predominantly cytoplasmic in all animals. However, in all animals, dim GFP fluorescence was seen in the nucleus of some of the cells with bright cytoplasmic fluorescence, and in 25% of the animals, equivalent DAF-3/GFP levels in the nucleus and cytoplasm was observed in one or more cells. |
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Expr2291
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SQV-4 Abs stained the cytoplasm of many cells, including (but not limited to) oocytes and vulval cells, as well as uterine, seam, pharyngeal, and spermathecal cells. During the early L4 stage, 10 of the 22 vulval nuclei were in cells with dramatically increased expression of SQV-4. These 10 nuclei are the six inner nuclei of the P5.p and P7.p descendants and the four outer nuclei of the P6.p descendants. During the mid-late L4 stage and thereafter, cells containing the inner four nuclei of the P6.p descendants also increased SQV-4 expression, bringing the total of vulval nuclei that highly expressed SQV-4 to 14. Thus, the 22 vulval nuclei define three classes based on the levels and timing of SQV-4 expression. |
cytoplasm |
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Clone: pUL#JRH/AG4 |
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Expr7575
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Expression is seen strongly in many locations, although clearly the strongest expression is in the vulval lips. L4s express very strongly throughout the hypodermis, but weaker hypodermal expression is apparent in late embryos, young larvae and adults. In young larvae with weak hypodermal expression, nerve cell expression in the head can just be seen. |
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Expr1164
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Transgenic animals that carry this construct show GFP expression in a variety of tissue types. GFP expression is observed in the intestine, and the posterior cells express GFP more intensely than the remaining intestinal cells. Other cells include the rectal epithelial cells, the pharynx, the somatic gonad, and vulval hypodermal cells. In addition, the IP3 receptor is expressed in hypodermal cells of the tail, rectum, and head. Pharyngeal expression is restricted to the muscles of the metacorpus, isthmus, and the anterior portion of the terminal bulb (m4, m5, and m6). This construct was only expressed in neurons LUA and PDA. GFP is expressed in the gonad sheath cells, spermatheca, spermathecal valve, and uterine sheath cells. GFP is expressed in the vulval hypodermal cells. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr689
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let-60 ras::lacZ. The Vulval lineage: First detected in L3 larvae (before vulval induction). Faint staining observed in P3.p-P8.p. Staining becomes stronger as VPCs begin dividing and fusion protein is expressed through adulthood. Faint staining observed in hyp7. Strong staining in vulA, vulB, vulC, vulD, vulE and vulF. Myoblast lineage: L1 (shortly after division of M) - Staining detected in M.d and M.v. Late L1, faint staining in progeny of M.v (body muscle) including SM (progeny of M.d (body muscle) ceases staining). L3: 8 progeny of SM (vulval muscle) stain before and after differentiation in muscle cells. Gonadal lineage: At hatching Z1 and Z4 gonadal cells stain. Progeny Z1 and Z4 that form distal tip cells (dtcs) and dtcs stain throughout larval development-adulthood. L4: Anchor cells (ac) of somatic gonad stains transiently at apex of invaginating vulva and continues until late L4 when ac nucleus fuses with uterine tissue. L4-adult expression (but not lacZ) Intense gfp near germline nuclei along border of distal arm of the gonad and in some places extended into the rachis. Muscle: L1-adult: All body wall muscle cells stain. Pharyngeal muscle pmp3-8 begin staining in L1 and continue until adulthood. Hypodermis: Begin staining in L2-3 larvae but consistent staining does not occur until the L4 stage and continues until adulthood. Hypodermal cells staining include V and H lineage-derived seam cells and V and H derived lateral hypodermal cells. Ventral hypodermal cells derived from P lineage also stain weakly but consistently in the adult. Intestine: Intestinal cells of late L1 larvae stain briefly during their terminal division. No staining after L2. Nervous system and excretory cells: extensive staining but not entirely at hatching throughout development. Beginning L1 - adulthood: Many ventral cord neurons stain positively identified include FLPL,R AVKL,R and either AIMR or AIYR based on co-staining with an anti-FMRF amide and an anti-galactosidase antibody. Nucleus of excretory cell stains in L1 to adulthood. |
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Expr12797
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tat-2 reporter is first clearly detectable in 2-fold stage embryos in two sets of pharyngeal cells, the developing pharyngeal-intestinal valve and a set of cells in the posterior. By the first larval (L1) stage, GFP fluorescence also appears in the intestine. L4 and adult animals exhibit reporter signals in unidentified cells of the pharyngeal procorpus, the gland cells located in the posterior bulb of the pharynx, the pharyngeal-intestinal valve, rectal gland cells, the intestine and all cells of the excretory system. tat-2 reporter signals are also seen in L4 larvae in the primary vulval lineage vulE and vulF cells and in the proximal gonad. The vulval fluorescence vanishes and a moderately strong uterine signal appears after the uterine-vulval connection is complete in adults. The gonadal signal, emanating from spermatids, migrates to the spermatheca around the time of the first ovulation. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2312
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Signals were detected in some neurons (ASE, ADF, AVA, AUA, RMDV and BAG) in the head region, the anchor cell, the vulva, the cells around the anus, the body wall muscle, pharyngeal muscles in procorpus and metacorpus and distal tip cells of gonad. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2313
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Signals were detected in some neurons (ASE, ADF, AVA, AUA, RMDV and BAG) in the head region, the anchor cell, the vulva, the cells around the anus, the body wall muscle, pharyngeal muscles in procorpus and metacorpus and distal tip cells of gonad. |
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Temporal description |
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Expr11860
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Fluorescence was observed in all developmental stages after hatching with strong expression in the nervous system and the somatic gonad during L2-L4 larval stages. Additionally, GFP signals were detected in the uterus as well as in the spermatheca of adult worms. Strong riok-1 expression was seen in the head neurons required for chemotaxis like the AWC neurons, the nerve ring (RID/RIF neurons), in inhibitory motor neurons (DA/DD/VA/VD), mechanosensory neurons (ALML/PLML), as well as in the tail sensory neurons (DVA/PDA). GFP was also detected in both nerve cords and associated commissures. In the L2-larva, GFP expression was observed in the somatic gonad as well as in the ventral nerve cord. In the L3-larva, riok-1 expression is maintained in the somatic gonad in ventral uterine (VU/AC) cells. After commitment, riok-1 is expressed in the anchor cell. In contrast, GFP expression could not be detected in the ventral precursor cells (VPCs) in the hypodermis. In the L4-larva, riok- 1 is expressed in the vulF cells of the vulva, cells of the uterus and the uterine seam cells (utse). In young adult worms, the riok-1 expression is maintained in the cells of vulva and the uterus. |
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Lineage expression: sexmyoblasts and descandents. |
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Expr1596
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LIN-29 was detected in many non-hypodermal cells in the head, tail and vulval region of the developing hermaphrodite. In the head, LIN-29 accumulates in cells of the pharynx and in a subset of neurons. In the tail, LIN-29 accumulates in the rectal cells B, F and U. LIN-29 also accumulates in the sex myoblasts and their progeny, in the distal tip cells, the anchor cell, and in many vulval cells. Although the accumulation of LIN-29 in the hypodermis is restricted to the L4 stage, accumulation in several of these other cell types is not. For example, the accumulation of LIN-29 in the anchor cell and the distal tip cells occurs during the L3 stage. In addition, many, if not all, of the cells that make up the pharynx contain low levels of LIN-29, beginning in the L1 stage and extending to the adult stage. The anti-LIN-29 antisera recognized a nuclear antigen in lateral hypodermal seam cells in wild-type C. elegans. The anti-LIN-29 antibodies revealed a differential pattern of lin-29 protein accumulation during development. LIN-29 was not detected in hermaphrodite hypodermal nuclei prior to the L4 stage. Although it is possible that LIN-29 is distributed diffusely throughout the hypodermal cytoplasm during the L3 and younger stages, there are no difference detected in hypodermal cell staining when these animals were incubated with secondary antibody alone, relative to animals incubated with both primary and secondary antibodies. The earliest LIN-29 accumulation in lateral seam cell nuclei was shortly after their final division, during the L3- to L4-molt. LIN-29 accumulated in these hypodermal nuclei during the L4 stage, and remained detectable in the adult animal. At approximately the same time, LIN-29 was detected in the hypodermal nuclei of the head (hyp1-hyp6), tail (hyp8-hyp12), and the large hypodermal syncytium covering most of the animal (hyp7). The accumulation of LIN-29 in hyp7 was typically observed following accumulation in the seam, and the signal was usually less intense. In summary, LIN-29 accumulates stage-specifically, beginning during the L4 stage and persisting into the adult stage, in all hypodermal cell nuclei of the worm. LIN-29 was also detectable in late stage gravid adults, at a time when lin-29 mRNAs are greatly reduced in abundance. |
nuclei |
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Expr2830
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Expression of lin-11::GFP is first observed after the time when most postmitotic neurons are born (at approx. 300 minutes postfertilization). In larvae, the LIN-11::GFP fusion protein is localized to the nuclei of multiple neurons in the head and lumbar ganglia. In addition, lin-11 expression is observed in uterine and vulval cells, as well as in the VC motor neurons. In the lumbar ganglia, lin-11 expression is observed in the PVPL/R and PVQ neurons, and in an additional unpaired neuron identified as DVC or DVA. In contrast to shorter lin-11::GFP fusion genes, the rescuing lin-11::GFP fusion gene is not expressed in the PHA sensory neurons. In the head, lin-11 expression was observed in the sensory neurons ADF and ADL, in the interneurons AIZ, RIC and AVG, and in another neuron type tentatively identified as either AVH or AVJ. However, expression in a number of additional neurons was also observed using the full-length lin-11::GFP fusion gene. lin-11 expression was observed in the AVA and AVE interneurons. Faint and occasional expression was also detected in the ASH polymodal sensory neurons. lin-11 expression was observed in the AWA neurons in embryos and young larvae, but not in later stages. Expression of lin-11 in the AWA neurons is observed consistently in three-fold embryos, where expression of lin-11 overlaps with that of ODR-7 (32/32 AWA neurons examined). Expression decreases by hatching such that in L1 larvae, expression in the AWA neurons is fainter and observed only occasionally, and is absent in later larvae and adults. lin-11 expression was also observed strongly and consistently in the ASG chemosensory neurons. Expression in the ASG neurons is observed throughout postembryonic development. lin-11 expression was also detected in a few other non-sensory neurons in the head and tail that were not identified definitively. |
Expressed in nuclei of multiple neurons in the head and lumbar ganglia. |
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Expr2276
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Neuronal expression. In the L1 stage cog-1::gfp is expressed in amphid neurons ADL(L/R), ASE(L/R), and ASJ(L/R). One additional pair of head neurons expresses cog-1::gfp in the L1. This pair is located between the excretory cell and the excretory pore, and is probably either AIA(L/R), SMBD(L/R), SIAD(L/R), or SIAV(L/R). In the tail, phasmid neurons PHB(L/R) express cog-1::gfp. The expression in amphid and phasmid neurons persists to the adult. Additional unidentified cells in the preanal ganglion express cog-1::gfp in late larvae and adults. Other cells in the tail region. The sphincter muscle (mu_sph) and phasmid sheath cells (PHshL, PHshR) express cog-1::gfp in all stages examined. Uterine expression. In the hermaphrodite gonad, cog-1::gfp is expressed exclusively in the dorsal uterine lineage. During the L3 stage, GFP is in the central four great-granddaughters of DU cells (DE4/DE5; DE, dorsal eight). The expression apparently persists in DE4/DE5 descendants, du, uv2, and uv3, until the adult stage, DE2 and DE7 lineages in the dorsal uterus also express cog-1::gfp starting from the early L4 stage. In the late L4, cog-1::gfp in this region is observed exclusively in sujc cells. Each core is surrounded by the spermathecaluterine valve and appears to form a plug which blocks the uterine lumen from the spermathecal lumen. None of the cog-1::gfp fusions, including the rescuing construct, was ever observed to express in any ventral uterine cells, including the anchor cell. Thus, the function of cog-1 in the connection is believed to be a consequence of abnormal gene regulation in the vulva, although a function in the dorsal uterine cells have not been ruled out. Vulval expression. In the vulva, cog-1::gfp is expressed from early L4 to the adult. Cells that express are vulC [P5.ppa(l/r), P7.pap(l/r)], vulD (P5.ppp, P7.paa), vulE(P6.pppl, P6.pppr, P6.paal, P6.paar), and vulF (P6.ppal, P6.ppar, P6.papl, P6.papr). The expression is considerably brighter in vulC and vulD than in vulE and vulF. Occasionally, expression in vulB and vulA was observed. Male expression. The expression of cog-1::gfp in the male was scored mostly in animals containing an extrachromosomal array containing the SmaI insertion. cog-1::gfp is expressed during proctodeal development. eL.aav and eR.aav express cog-1. In addition, proctodeal cells B.pap and B.pppa express cog-1::gfp. Additional expressing cells observed in occasional males include: rep, and P11.pp progeny. No gonadal cells in the male, including the linker cell, expressed cog-1::gfp in any stage of development. |
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Reference: personal communication from Oliver Hobert 2002-12-07. |
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Expr1769
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Neuronal expression in: 4 labial sensory neurons; all touch neurons, RMG/ADA, CAN. Non-neuronal expression in: valve cells in tail, vulval cells |
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