WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0005762

• Definition: cells that support sensory neurons, similar to glial cells in vertebrates. A category which collectively refers to socket cells, sheath cells, and structural cells, or their processes. All of these cells extend long processes which serve a supporting role, rather like glia, to form a protective environment around sensory neuron endings. In addition, some of these cells extend broad thin processes from their somata which wrap around neuronal ganglia, again in a glia-like fashion
• Name: accessory cell
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0005762
• Synonym: support cell

3 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
An interfacial epithelial cell which forms a distal cap on a sheath cell to bind the sheath of a sensillum to the neighboring hypodermis, via adherens junctions. There is often a narrow opening through the socket from the exterior into the sheath channel, allowing ciliated dendrites to be exposed to the external environment. The socket cell functions similarly to a glial cell.	socket cell		WBbt:0005750
a structural (glial) cell which forms an specialized environment surrounding the sensory ending(s) of one or more neurons; sometimes accompanied by a more distal socket cell. In early development of the sensory nerves and of the nerve ring some sheath cells (cephalics and labials) may also provide a substrate for axon guidance	neuronal sheath cell	pocket cell	WBbt:0005811
set of six cells that form a thin cylindrical sheet between pharynx and ring neuropile; no chemical synapses, but gap junctions with muscle arms and RME motor neurons, might be glial cells	GLR	anomalous_pharynx_cells (TreeNode)	WBbt:0005176

4 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 44 expressed in: Glia_1.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:44
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 93 expressed in: Glia_2.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:93
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 162 expressed in: Glia_4.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:162
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 118 expressed in: Glia_3.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:118

10 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4378
• Pattern: The C17E4.3::GFP reporter is expressed in the developing embryo and L1 larval stages, in three distinct sheath/socket cells in the head region close to the anterior bulb of the pharynx and several cells around the anus. Expression is also seen in several pharyngeal muscle cells. Dye filling tests confirmed that the processes extending to the nose were not from amphid neurons, but rather from socket cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14174
• Remark: Other Strain: OH14363
• Pattern: 3 head sensory neuron pairs, PHA, PHB, glia

• Primary Identifier: Expr12094
• Pattern: A LIPS-7 translational reporter showed a similar pattern of expression as that of the lips-7 transcriptional reporter. In addition to faint expression in the hypodermis at the young adult stage, prominent LIPS-7 expression was observed in cells located in the head region near the anterior bulb of the pharynx, which may be neuronal support cells or neurons. LIPS-7 expression was also observed in a single neuron in the tail which was tentatively identified as the PVQ neuron. LIPS-7 also appears to localise to cells associated with the excretory system, vulva and rectum. Using the lips-7 transcriptional reporter, co-localisation of lips-7 and CTBP-1 expression in the putative neuronal or neuronal support cells in which lips-7 is expressed in the head was not observed. Also, there was no co-localisation of lips-7 and CTBP-1 expression in neuronal cells located in the nerve ring or along the body, in which CTBP-1 is expressed. Co-localisation of lips-7 transcription and CTBP-1 expression was observed solely in hypodermal nuclei. Using the lips-7 translational reporter we observed co-localisation of LIPS-7 and CTBP-1 in a single neuron in the nerve ring and in the hypodermis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14157
• Pattern: ADL and ASI (both relatively dim), some pharyngeal neurons, other dim cells (could be neurons), inter/motorneuron from RVG, (PVQ), cells close to the tip of the nose (support cells?)

• Primary Identifier: Expr13989
• Pattern: In the posterior pharyngeal bulb gfp::hum-7 is expressed throughout, including the pm6 and pm7 cells that help the grinder contract during feeding (Worm Atlas), while hmr-1::mKate2 is enriched only in apical regions, as expected. hmr-1::mKate2 is expressed all through the nerve ring axons, while gfp::hum-7 is expressed in adjacent cells, perhaps glia. Viewing this same strain on the surface shows that while hmr- 1::mKate2 is highly expressed in the seam cells, gfp::hum-7 shows no obvious overlap in the seam cells. A strain expressing RFP under control of the myosin heavy chain promoter, Pmyo-3::rfp (Viveiros et al., 2011), shares expression with gfp::hum-7 in body wall muscles. Therefore gfp::hum-7 appears to have broad expression, with enrichment in several types of muscle tissue including regions of the pharynx, and in body wall muscles. Expression is not overall enhanced in neurons, but may include support cells for neurons. Expression does not appear enhanced in epidermal cells, although there is precedent for epidermal signal to appear striped due to impingement from muscle or pharynx (Worm Atlas). Antibody staining with antibodies specific to body wall muscle support that at least some of the striped signals are in muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10150
• Pattern: Strong age-1 EGFP fluorescence was observed in two pairs of amphidial neurons and their dendritic processes, a pair of inter-neurons or support cells anterior to the nerve ring, and the sphincter connecting the pharynx to the intestine. Variable expression was also noted in the hypodermis and the intestine between lines, with some lines having moderate expression in these tissues and others having little or no expression. Weak expression in a phasmidial neuron was observed in a minority of worms in each line. Examination of transgenic C. elegans L1 and adult hermaphrodites revealed expression of Ce-age-1 in the AWC and ASJ amphidial neuron pairs.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1885
• Pattern: In animals transgenic for the smp-1::lacZ reporter constructs, beta-galactosidase is first detected in epidermal cells at the beginning of morphogenesis 200 minutes after fertilization. GFP fluorescence from smp-1::gfp expression is initially observed at approximately the 50 cell stage in the E lineage. Later, in larvae and adults, GFP can be seen in all body wall, vulval, uterine and enteric muscles, as well as male-specific muscles of the tail and copulatory system. In adults, smp-1::gfp is expressed in the tail tip (hyp 10), in ray 6 and in the spicules of the adult male. Approximately 10 sensory neuron support cells in the head with dendrites extending to the tip of the head, also express the smp-1 GFP and beta-galactosidase transcriptional reporters. GFP fluorescence is observed in several individual cells, including an interneuron (tentatively identified as AVL), the excretory channel, the distal tip cells (DTCs) throughout their migration, somatic cells of the gonad, and epidermal cells hyp 4 (and possibly hyp 3) and hyp 10. In the adult, expression was observed in the fused seam cell syncytium comprising the lateral epidermis. Although ray 6 expresses in the adult male tail, it is difficult to determine whether the ray 6 precursors or any other ray or SET precursors or progeny express smp-1::gfp during the L3 and L4 stages of development when the male tail is forming. This is because GFP fluorescence in the male sex-specific muscles is so bright at this stage as to obscure what may be faint expression of other cells in the male tail.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9201
• Pattern: abts-1a promoter drove expression of GFP in head, tail, and lateral neurons as well as in BWMs, pharyngeal muscles, and neural support cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16486
• Pattern: This reporter allele allows us to infer spig-2 gene expression in multiple glial cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9866
• Pattern: The pattern for T16A9.4 has a strong neuronal component. Nuclear lacZ expression was found in the anterior ganglion, ventral nerve cord, lumbar ganglion and neuronal support cells of an adult and larval C. elegans.

0 Life Stages

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Complement of nervous tissue (neurones, nerves, receptors and support cells) serving to detect, relay and coordinate information about an animal`s internal and external environments and to initiate and integrate its effector responses and activities.	nervous system		WBbt:0005735
a cellular object that consists of subcellular components, expresses genes or functions.	Cell	Cell type	WBbt:0004017