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Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

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Life Stage :

Definition  The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage. Primary Identifier  WBls:0000016
Public Name  bean embryo Ce

602 Anatomy Terms

Definition Name Synonym Primary Identifier
Pharyngeal sensory-motorneurons m3R lineage name: ABaraappppp WBbt:0004469
Ring interneuron URXL lineage name: ABplaaaaappp WBbt:0004928
Ring interneuron URXR lineage name: ABarpapaappp WBbt:0004926
Pharyngeal sensory-motorneurons m3L lineage name: ABaraapappp WBbt:0004471
Neuron class of one interneuron, projects along ventral cord to ring. PVT lineage name: ABplpappppa WBbt:0004070
gland cell of the secretory-excretory system, sends processes to ring, opens into excretory duct. excretory gland cell exc gl WBbt:0005776
Amphid interneuron AIYL lineage name: ABplpapaaap WBbt:0003963
Amphid interneuron AIYR lineage name: ABprpapaaap WBbt:0003961
one member of Amphid neurons, single ciliated endings, probably chemo-sensory; project into ring via commissure from ventral ganglion, make diverse synaptic connections in ring neuropil ASEL lineage name: ABalppppppaa WBbt:0003904
one member of Amphid neurons, single ciliated endings, probably chemo-sensory; project into ring via commissure from ventral ganglion, make diverse synaptic connections in ring neuropil ASER lineage name: ABpraaapppaa WBbt:0003903
Neuron, ciliated ending in head, no supporting cells, associated with ILso BAGL lineage name: ABalppappap WBbt:0003824
Neuron class of one pharyngeal interneuron, posterior sensory. I5 neuron I5 WBbt:0004740
one member of Amphid neurons, single ciliated endings, probably chemo-sensory; project into ring via commissure from ventral ganglion, make diverse synaptic connections in ring neuropil ASGL lineage name: ABplaapapap WBbt:0003892
one member of Amphid neurons, single ciliated endings, probably chemo-sensory; project into ring via commissure from ventral ganglion, make diverse synaptic connections in ring neuropil ASGR lineage name: ABpraapapap WBbt:0003891
Neuron class of one pharyngeal motorneuron. M5 neuron lineage name: MSpaaapap WBbt:0004465
Neuron, ciliated ending in head, no supporting cells, associated with ILso BAGR lineage name: ABarappppap WBbt:0003823
H-shaped cell associated with the excretory system, largest cell in C. elegans. excretory cell excretory canal cell WBbt:0005812
Amphid socket cell, left AMsoL lineage name: ABplpaapapa WBbt:0003931
Amphid socket cell, right AMsoR lineage name: ABprpaapapa WBbt:0003929
Amphid neuron, prob. chemosensory ADFL lineage name: ABalpppppaa WBbt:0004003
Amphid neuron, prob. chemosensory ADFR lineage name: ABpraaappaa WBbt:0003999
Ring interneuron AIML lineage name: ABplpaapppa WBbt:0003983
Ring interneuron AIMR lineage name: ABprpaapppa WBbt:0003969
Cylindrical hypodermal syncytium in head hyp1 lineage name: ABalpaapppa WBbt:0004694
Cylindrical hypodermal syncytium in head hyp2 lineage name: ABalpaapppp WBbt:0004692
Tail dorsal hypodermis hyp11 lineage name: Cpappv WBbt:0004377
Amphid wing cells, neurons having ciliated sheet-like sensory endings closely associated with amphid sheath AWBR lineage name: ABpraaappap WBbt:0003828
Amphid wing cells, neurons having ciliated sheet-like sensory endings closely associated with amphid sheath AWBL lineage name: ABalpppppap WBbt:0003829
Amphid neuron, prob. chemosensory ADLL lineage name: ABalppppaad WBbt:0003997
Amphid neuron, prob. chemosensory ADLR lineage name: ABpraaapaad WBbt:0003995

2 Contained In

Remark Definition Other Name Public Name Primary Identifier
  The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over. elongating embryo Ce WBls:0000015
  A C. elegans life stage that occurs during the bean embryo life stage C. elegans life stage occurring during bean embryo WBls:0000809

0 Expression Clusters

54 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr14590 Embryonic expression of exc-7 was first observed at the bean stage. By reverse lineaging with use of SIMI-Biocell software, we confirm the identity of one of the expressing cells at this stage as the excretory canal cell. In L1 animals, broad expression in the head, ventral nerve cord (VNC), and tail was observed. In young adults, expression is notably observed in vulva cells. In the nervous system specifically, expression is observed in many neurons throughout the body, but unlike Drosophila Elav, exc-7::gfp it is not panneuronally expressed. We confirmed previously reported expression in cholinergic VNC MNs, but absence of GABAergic VNC MNs, consistent with previous reports (Fujita et al., 1999; Loria et al., 2003) and consistent with exc-7 functioning in cholinergic, but not GABAergic neurons to control alternative splicing (Norris et al., 2014). exc-7::gfp is also expressed in some non-neuronal cell types, including muscle and hypodermis, but not in the gut. A previous report showed that exc-7 is only transiently and weakly expressed in the excretory cell, which, based on exc-7's excretory mutant phenotype, has puzzled researchers (Fujita et al., 2003). We find that the gfp tagged exc-7 locus is strongly and continuously expressed in the excretory canal cell.  
This Expr_pattern is about CeTMIV, an isoform of tmy-1 transcription. To confirm the CeTMIV isoform expression pattern, corresponding tmy-1::gfp vectors were assayed. Similar GFP expressions induced in pharynx and intestines respectively. These results show that the CeTMIV isoform was expressed in the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells and establish that the primary promoter region was located within 853 bp upstream of the initial ATG. pretzel stage (author) = fully-elongated embryo (wjc).   Expr1679 The constructs pTMZIV4349 and pTMZIV1957 induced beta-galactosidase expressions in both the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells with similar intensities. Specifically, pharyngeal expressions were observed in all the eight muscle cells (m1-m8), one marginal cell (mc), one epithelial cell (e1) and the four cells of the pharyngo-intestinal valve (PIV). The 20 intestinal cells, some of which are binucleated and localized alongside the intestine, posterior of pharynx and anterior of anus were all stained with intense staining occurring at the most posterior end. Intestinal staining was limited only to intestinal cells, although there were slight variations in position of nuclei and staining intensity. Expression was also detected in embryos between gastrulation and the comma stage. At this stage of development, the exact nuclei are difficult to identify, but the positions and topology suggest pharynx and intestines. By the pretzel stage, identification of the different pharyngeal muscles showing expression becomes possible. A similar expression was also observed in the pharynx of males, although the intestinal staining was more restricted to the posterior region. No expression was induced by the further deletion construct pTMZIV1219. In all cases, the most uniform and intense expression patterns were observed between L1 and L2 worms, and were completed by L2. From L3 to adult, there was a reduction in expression intensity. Both pharyngeal and intestinal expressions were evident within six hours after staining.  
Feature: 'WBsf919537::pPD95.21'   Expr11811 The distal enhancer activated reporter gene expression both inside and outside the pharynx. In larvae and adults, expression was observed in the m3, m4, m5, and m7 pharyngeal muscles as well as pharyngeal marginal cells, epithelial cells, and neurons. Expression was also observed outside the pharynx in the body wall muscles and the ventral nerve cord. Distal enhancer activity initiated in the pharynx at the bean stage of embryogenesis near the time that the endogenous ceh-22 gene is first expressed.  
    Expr12145 Fluorescence in the transcriptional dpy-18prom::GFP reporter strain was first detected at the bean stage of embryogenesis in hypodermis and muscle, and gfp continued to be expressed in these tissues, as well as in motor neurons and in other unidentified neurons, during embryonic development. Postembryonically, dpy-18prom::GFP is expressed in a similar pattern and is more expansive than observed previously (Hill et al., 2000). In young larvae, dpy-18prom::gfp is expressed in the hypodermis, in muscle, in a few unidentified neurons in the head and tail, and in motor neurons.  
    Expr9417 strong pan neuronal; spermatheca; faint vulval mu; rare and faint bwm in adult; neuronal starts at bean with strong at 3-fold. Sub-cellular localization within the body wall muscle: Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-like
    Expr16365 We found that DAF-16::GFP was expressed ubiquitously in most or all somatic tissues, such as neurons, intestine, BWM, and hypodermis, and also in the germ cells and oocytes. Germline expression of DAF-16::GFP was not detected by earlier transgene reporters.Temporally, ubiquitous expression of DAF-16::GFP from the endogenous locus was detected from the embryonic bean stage to adulthood.  
    Expr3398 The expression of C1 in the intestinal terminal web and in the hypodermis was also observed in worms transformed with the C1-promoter/cDNA/gfp reporter. These experiments showed coexpression of the C1 and the MH4 antigens in the dorsal and ventral hypodermis of the bean, 1.5-fold and 3-fold embryos, in the larvae and in adults. However, in contrast to the MH4 staining pattern no visible C1 expression was seen in the pharynx and also the intensity of C1 staining in the larval and adult hypodermis was significantly weaker. C1 expression was detected weakly in the intestinal terminal web of the embryos and strongly in the same structure of all larval developmental stages and of the adults. The C1-GFP expression was also detected in cellular junctions of the pharynx in the early larval developmental stage.
    Expr11871 AJM-1::GFP is first detected in wildtype embryos beginning at the lima-bean stage (350 min post-fertilization) in the central region of the primordial pharynx. Expression of AJM-1::GFP is also observed in the region corresponding to the arcade cells beginning at around the comma stage (400 min), coincident with the onset of reorientation. Expression of AJM-1::GFP increases throughout the 1.5- and 2.0-fold stages of embryogenesis in both the pharynx and arcade regions of wild-type embryos (430-450 min).  
lima stage (author) = bean embryo (wjc).   Expr1074 NID-1 was first detected in embryos at the beginning of morphogenesis (lima stage) localized to body wall muscle cells. As embryos elongate strong NID-1 staining is seen around body wall muscle cells and diffuse stain begins to accumulate on the surfaces of the pharyngeal and intestinal primordia. Once the embryo has elongated to the 2-fold stage, NID-1 has localized to the basal face of the body wall muscles and shows strong accumulation on the surfaces of the pharyngeal, intestinal, and gonad primordia. In three- and fourfold stage embryos, NID-1 accumulates to higher levels and remains localized under the four body wall muscle quadrants and on the surfaces of the pharynx, intestine, and gonad. In L1 larvae the intensity of staining of body wall muscle, pharynx, and intestine appears reduced, and strong staining associated with the nerve ring becomes apparent. This pattern continues through the L2 and L3 larval stages, with the addition of stronger staining of the distal tip cells as they lead the growth of the gonad. In late L3 to L4 stage larvae particularly strong NID-1 accumulation is seen associated with the distal tip cells and the developing somatic structures of the gonad, the spermatheca, uterus, and vulva. Under the body wall muscles of larval and adult stage animals NID-1 is organized as punctate lines. These lines follow the rows of dense bodies within the muscle cells. NID-1 also accumulates strongly at the outer edges of the muscle quadrants and more weakly at the boundaries between muscle cells within each quadrant. Less organized NID-1 staining is seen in the regions between the body wall muscle quadrants, presumably associated with the epidermal basement membranes in these regions. NID-1 accumulates along the four sublateral nerves that run beneath the center of each muscle quadrant. The sublateral nerves extend along dorso- and ventrolateral tracts from the nerve ring in the anterior of the animal to near the middle of the animal where they turn further lateral to positions coincident with the lateral edges of the body wall muscle quadrants. NID-1 accumulation on these nerves is seen in larval and adult animals and is similar in intensity to the staining at the edges of the body wall muscle quadrants. Staining along the edges of the body wall muscle quadrants appears to be associated with the muscle edges rather than the nerves in these regions because the staining closely follows the edge of the muscles and it does not display the left/right asymmetry expected for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords. Less organized NID-1 staining is also present in the regions between body wall muscle quadrants. membranes
    Expr9855 LET-526::GFP was expressed in the nuclei of most, if not all, somatic cells, including the T cell and its daughter cells. LET-526::GFP was first observed soon after the gastrulation stage and continues to be expressed throughout subsequent development and in the adult stage.  
    Expr14587 The integrated smoc-1 transcriptional reporter showed strong GFP expression. GFP was first detectable in several cells located in the anterior of bean stage embryos. In the developing larvae, GFP is expressed in cells of the pharynx, the intestine and the posterior hypodermis. Pharyngeal cells expressing smoc-1p::gfp include the epithelial cells e2, the marginal cells mc1 and mc2, the M4 neuron, and all six of the pharyngeal/intestinal valve cells. Cells of the posterior hypodermis expressing smoc-1p::gfp include hyp8, hyp9, hyp10, and hyp11. Expression in these tissues persisted from the L1 larval stage through adulthood. We noted that while all transgenic animals showed GFP expression in the pharynx and the posterior hypodermis, a small fraction of animals (~8%) did not exhibit GFP expression in all or some of the intestinal cells. We observed no GFP expression in any other tissues, including the nerve cord, body wall muscles (BWMs), or the M lineage.  
    Expr10585 Expression of a GFP reporter gene under the control of the ddr-1 promoter (ddr-1p::GFP) was first detected in the 'lima-bean-stage' during embryogenesis in hypodermal cells. During the early stages of axon outgrowth in the embryo, around the 2-fold stage, GFP expression included a few head and tail neurons. Post-embryonically, ddr-1p::GFP expression was mostly observed in the nervous system, with many neurons in head and tail ganglia and motor neurons in the VNC expressing GFP. Expression of ddr-1p::GFP in PVP neurons was confirmed by co-labeling with a PVP marker. Outside the nervous system expression was apparent in the pharynx and the stomato-intestinal muscle. The DDR-1::GFP translational fusion construct localized to neuronal cell bodies and axons.
Clone: pUL#JRH/AC8   Expr7746 Expression seen only during embryogenesis. Can see 4 cells expressing at the 50 cell stage, and watch further divisions up to 16 cells, after which the pattern becomes complex and is mostly in anterior regions. No expression is seen in 2-fold embryos and later.  
90 cell embryo(author) = 88-cell embryo(curator). CeMyoD :Basic Helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Related to the vertebrate MyoD family that is involved in the regulation of striated muscle cell fate.Vertebrate Homologs: Mammalian factors MyoD, MRF-4, Myf-5, myogenin.Invertebrate Homologs: Drosophila protein "Nautilus", sea urchin "SUM-1". Legacy Data: Author "Seydoux GC" "Krause MW". Date 1995-08. Function: Putative null mutation (cc450) of L. Chen and A.Fire suggests important role for CeMyoD in body wall muscle cell function and morphogenesis. CeMyoD is not required for bwm cell fate determination but is for proper bwm cell differentiation   Expr56 Antibody staining: Transient nuclear staining in early MS lineage identical to lacZ pattern. Stable nuclear expression begins in the 2 daughters of D at the ~90 cell stage, then C and MS lineages that give rise to body wall muscle cells (bwm). The lone AB bwm appears positive after born. At pretzel stage, nuclear staining in the 6 GLR cells. Staining persists throughout postembryonic development in bwm cells, including post-embryonically born bwm. lacZ reporter gene expression: Multiple constructs with multiple lines. Transient expression in 2 MS daughters and the 4 MS granddaughters. Stable expression begins at ~90 cell stage in two daughters of D. Then on in C, MS lineages that give rise to body wall muscle precursors. At pretzel stage, hlh-1 is also expressed in the 6 GLR cells. positive hybridisation to RNA (in _situ) same as lacZ pattern except RNA appears to go away at bean stage and reappear later in embryogenesis  
early embryo(author) = proliferating embryo(curator). Other Authors "Bauer PK" "Hope IA"Date 1997-06 pre-comma embryo(author) = bean embryo(curator).   Expr91 This simple pattern shows expression in the E lineage in early embryos. Staining can be seen upto 16 E cells. No expression is observed beyond comma stage embryo.  
    Expr10659 Until the comma stage die-1 is expressed in ASER and ASEL (fig 2). Asymmetric die-1 expression becomes apparent at the 3-fold stage of embryogenesis in ASEL.  
    Expr10657 Expression from the lsy-6 fosmid reporter is first observed at the end of gastrulation -around the bean stage- in the mother cell of the ASEL neuron, but not in the mother of ASER. After the ASEL mother cell divides, the lsy-6 reporter continues to be expressed only in ASEL as the ASEL sister cell dies by apoptosis shortly after. Expression of the lsy-6 reporter fosmid in ASEL continues throughout embryonic and larval development and into adulthood.  
Reporter gene fusion type not specified.   Expr864 Expressed in bean-stage embryo, two-fold elongated embryo, four-fold elongated embryo, L1-L3. Expressed in the nerve ring: more than 8 symmetric pairs of neurons. Expressed in sensory neurons: amphid sensory neurons, labial neurons. Expressed in other neurons: ventral nerve cord, tail neurons. Expressed in non-neuronal tissues: pharynx, vulva.  
HRG-3 is secreted from the intestinal cells into the pseudocoelom for uptake by extraintestinal tissues.   Expr9336 Worms expressing Phrg-3::GFP transcriptional fusions had GFP in the worm intestine, with the greatest levels in the anterior (int2 and int3) and mid-intestinal cells (int4-6). The anterior-most (int1) and the posterior-most gut cells (int7-9) possessed low levels of GFP. Intestinal Phrg-3::GFP expression was observed through all larval stages, and in both hermaphrodites and males. Zygotic expression of hrg-3 was first detected in late embryos at 300 min of development.  
Picture: Figure 4.   Expr8544 In wild-type animals, no obvious expression of sepa-1 could be detected by anti-SEPA-1 antibody in embryos before the 16-cell stage. A few SEPA-1 aggregates were found in ~16-cell stage embryos, and the number of SEPA-1 aggregates was dramatically increased as the embryo developed to ~100-cell stage. As development proceeded, SEPA-1 aggregates disappeared, and only a few cells contained SEPA-1 aggregates by the comma stage. Immunostaining with anti-SEPA-1 antibody showed that SEPA-1 was not present in germline P granules at all embryonic and larval stages.  
Picture: Figure 2. Similar results were obtained using an anti-ZEN-4 antibody.   Expr8005 During mid-embryogenesis, ZEN-4::GFP is expressed in all dividing cells, consistent with its role in cell division. However, at the onset of dorsal intercalation, when epidermal precursors have ceased dividing, ZEN-4::GFP becomes undetectable in the epidermis. ZEN-4::GFP is expressed for a correspondingly longer period, and is visible in spindle mid-bodies as ventral enclosure begins and before it completes. By the end of enclosure, little or no ZEN::GFP is detectable. As elongation of the embryo begins, virtually no ZEN-4::GFP can be detected, although occasional bright spots can be observed. By the 1.5- to 2-fold stage of elongation, no ZEN-4::GFP can be detected.  
    Expr15103 The epidermis was the first epithelium to express dlg-1 mRNA. It was initially detected at the late 4E stage but with no detectableDLG-1 protein. The level of dlg-1 mRNA increased during the 8E stage and was maintained throughout the 16E and elongation stages (comma, 1.5-fold). DLG-1 protein was first observed during the late 8E stage, with puncta of protein visible on the membrane of nascent epidermal cells. These puncta began to coalesce at the early 16E stage and formed a continuous, circumferential junction by the mid-16E stage. The level of DLG-1 increased during the elongation stages (comma, 1.5-fold), as the cells changed shape to convert the embryo from a ball into a vermiform.The digestive tract began to express dlg-1 mRNA at the 8E stage, and, similar to the epidermis, the levels of RNA increased throughout the 8E and 16E stages. DLG-1 protein was first observed in midgut precursors at the early 16E stage, where puncta of protein appeared at the lateral surface and rapidly coalesced at the apical surface, in agreement with previous studies (Leung et al., 1999; Totong et al., 2007; Achilleos et al., 2010). By the mid-16E stage (20-40 min later), the puncta of DLG-1 had banded together to form cell junctions, which continued to expand and mature as the embryo elongated (comma, 1.5-fold stages). The RNA remained expressed in the intestine throughout all of these stages. In the foregut, DLG-1 protein was first detectable by the mid-16E stage, suggesting that translation of dlg-1 mRNA was delayed in this tissue by 20-40 min. We observed membrane-associated DLG-1 puncta on cell surfaces throughout the foregut at the 16E stage. These spots accumulated at the nascent apical surface by the bean stage, where they joined together to form connected junctions by the comma stage. The RNA remained expressed throughout these stages. The arcade cells are born during the mid-16E stage, starting 290 min after the first division (Sulston et al., 1983). The majority of these cells are anterior to the foregut primordium and express dlg-1 mRNA from birth. DLG-1 protein accumulated 100 min later in the arcades, after the epidermis and foregut had both formed epithelia and soon before the arcade cells became an epithelium (i.e., between the comma and 1.25-fold stage, 390-400 min after the first division; Portereiko and Mango, 2001; Portereiko et al., 2004). The presence of RNA but lack of protein was detectable by the 16E stage but was clearest at the comma stage, when the arcade cells clustered together as a group anterior to the foregut epithelium. Thus there was a delay in protein accumulation, suggesting that either the RNA was translationally repressed or protein was made but degraded immediately.  
    Expr15104 The epidermis was the first epithelium to express dlg-1 mRNA. It was initially detected at the late 4E stage but with no detectableDLG-1 protein. The level of dlg-1 mRNA increased during the 8E stage and was maintained throughout the 16E and elongation stages (comma, 1.5-fold). DLG-1 protein was first observed during the late 8E stage, with puncta of protein visible on the membrane of nascent epidermal cells. These puncta began to coalesce at the early 16E stage and formed a continuous, circumferential junction by the mid-16E stage. The level of DLG-1 increased during the elongation stages (comma, 1.5-fold), as the cells changed shape to convert the embryo from a ball into a vermiform.The digestive tract began to express dlg-1 mRNA at the 8E stage, and, similar to the epidermis, the levels of RNA increased throughout the 8E and 16E stages. DLG-1 protein was first observed in midgut precursors at the early 16E stage, where puncta of protein appeared at the lateral surface and rapidly coalesced at the apical surface, in agreement with previous studies (Leung et al., 1999; Totong et al., 2007; Achilleos et al., 2010). By the mid-16E stage (20-40 min later), the puncta of DLG-1 had banded together to form cell junctions, which continued to expand and mature as the embryo elongated (comma, 1.5-fold stages). The RNA remained expressed in the intestine throughout all of these stages. In the foregut, DLG-1 protein was first detectable by the mid-16E stage, suggesting that translation of dlg-1 mRNA was delayed in this tissue by 20-40 min. We observed membrane-associated DLG-1 puncta on cell surfaces throughout the foregut at the 16E stage. These spots accumulated at the nascent apical surface by the bean stage, where they joined together to form connected junctions by the comma stage. The RNA remained expressed throughout these stages. The arcade cells are born during the mid-16E stage, starting 290 min after the first division (Sulston et al., 1983). The majority of these cells are anterior to the foregut primordium and express dlg-1 mRNA from birth. DLG-1 protein accumulated 100 min later in the arcades, after the epidermis and foregut had both formed epithelia and soon before the arcade cells became an epithelium (i.e., between the comma and 1.25-fold stage, 390-400 min after the first division; Portereiko and Mango, 2001; Portereiko et al., 2004). The presence of RNA but lack of protein was detectable by the 16E stage but was clearest at the comma stage, when the arcade cells clustered together as a group anterior to the foregut epithelium. Thus there was a delay in protein accumulation, suggesting that either the RNA was translationally repressed or protein was made but degraded immediately.  
    Expr9742 GFP expression was seen from at least the bean stage of the embryo, through all stages to adulthood. GFP was present in anterior hypodermis, as well as in ventral nerve cord neurons and in the intestine and maybe head muscle. From the L3, GFP expression was also seen in the distal tip cell.  
    Expr9831 GFP was observed from the bean stage embryo through to the adult. Fluorescence was diffuse, throughout the body wall, in what appeared to be the hypodermis. The GFP looked to be excluded from the nucleus in some tissues such as the ventral nerve cord. The brightest fluorescence was in neurons in the nerve ring and in other cells in the head, in some cells round the rectum, in the spermathecae, in the ventral nerve cord and in the intestine. Fluorescence was brightest from L2 to L4. UL4077 gave the clearest expression pattern, with the GFP fluorescence much weaker and more diffuse in UL4078 and UL4079, making it difficult to identify components.  
Endogenous run expression was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with antibody raised against the Runt domain. The pattern of endogenous run expression was essentially identical to that of run::GFP in the embryonic and larval stages, suggesting that the run::GFP reporter gene could represent the expression of endogenous run.   Expr1819 Run is expressed in the lateral hypodermis and intestine of C. elegans. Reporter gene expression in embryos from all transformed lines was first detected exclusively in hypodermal seam cells at the bean stage of development. Reporter gene expression was observed in the nuclei of these cells, and expression persisted throughout embryogenesis. Expression of run in seam cell nuclei was detected up until the L3 stage. Between the late embryonic stage and L3 stage, expression was also apparent in gut cell nuclei, with the anterior ring of four cells (int-1) showing the highest level of expression. Expression of run in binucleated gut cells with large nuclei became evident at the L2 stage. At the L3 stage, expression of run in gut cells was significantly decreased except in those cells in the most anterior part of the intestine. Expression in seam cells remained virtually unchanged. By the L4 stage, expression of run was undetectable. nuclei
Another transgenic line independently established with the same construct also showed the similar patterns of EGFP expression.   Expr1884 EGFP expression was first observed at the lima bean stage in P and V epidermal cells and intestinal cells. In larvae, EGFP was expressed intensely in motoneurons in the ventral nerve cord and several neurons in the nerve ring and in the tail. The seam cells showed moderate EGFP expression throughout development. In hermaphrodites, vulval precursor cells and their descendants expressed EGFP intensely throughout development. In the male tail, R(n) cells and their descendants all expressed EGFP intensely.  
The transformation experiments with the B2-promoter gfp reporters as well as with the B2-promoter/cDNA/gfp reporters fully confirmed these results.   Expr3396 Expression is exclusively seen in the terminal web of the intestinal cells of the embryo starting in the bean developmental stage. The same expression pattern was also detected in all larval developmental stages and in adults.  
The transformation experiments with the D2-promoter gfp reporters as well as with the D2-promoter/cDNA/gfp reporters fully confirmed these results.   Expr3397 Expression is exclusively seen in the terminal web of the intestinal cells of the embryo starting in the bean developmental stage. The same expression pattern was also detected in all larval developmental stages and in adults.  
400-cell stage (author) = comma embryo (curator) --wjc.   Expr1674 In hermaphrodites, newly synthesized ife-1 mRNA was first detected in the germline of L3 stage larvae. At this stage germ cells in the distal region of the gonad are mitotically proliferating and those in the proximal region are entering meiosis. As germline development progressed, the hybridization signal intensified in the regions of the gonad undergoing spermatogenesis. The signal persisted after spermatogenesis was complete; a reduced level of ife-1 mRNA was detectable in adult germlines undergoing oogenesis. In embryos, the distribution of ife-1 mRNA was similar to a pattern described previously as class I maternal mRNAs. These mRNAs show a uniform distribution in all cells during early cleavage stages and disappear at later stages. ife-1 mRNA was detected in all cells in embryos until the 100-200-cell stage and gradually disappeared by the 300-400-cell stage.  

1 Followed By

Remark Definition Other Name Public Name Primary Identifier
  The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo. comma embryo Ce WBls:0000017

1 Preceded By

Remark Definition Other Name Public Name Primary Identifier
  The C. elegans life stage spanning 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing. enclosing embryo Ce WBls:0000013

40 Sub Stages

Remark Definition Other Name Public Name Primary Identifier
  The time period encompassing the 352nd minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 352 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000463
  The time period encompassing the 351st minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 351 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000462
  The time period encompassing the 356th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 356 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000467
  The time period encompassing the 355th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 355 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000466
  The time period encompassing the 354th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 354 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000465
  The time period encompassing the 353rd minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 353 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000464
  The time period encompassing the 360th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 360 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000471
  The time period encompassing the 359th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 359 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000470
  The time period encompassing the 358th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 358 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000469
  The time period encompassing the 357th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 357 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000468
  The time period encompassing the 364th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 364 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000475
  The time period encompassing the 363rd minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 363 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000474
  The time period encompassing the 362nd minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 362 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000473
  The time period encompassing the 361st minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 361 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000472
  The time period encompassing the 368th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 368 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000479
  The time period encompassing the 367th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 367 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000478
  The time period encompassing the 366th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 366 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000477
  The time period encompassing the 365th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 365 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000476
  The time period encompassing the 372nd minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 372 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000483
  The time period encompassing the 371st minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 371 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000482
  The time period encompassing the 370th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 370 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000481
  The time period encompassing the 369th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 369 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000480
  The time period encompassing the 376th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 376 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000487
  The time period encompassing the 375th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 375 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000486
  The time period encompassing the 374th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 374 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000485
  The time period encompassing the 373rd minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 373 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000484
  The time period encompassing the 380th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 380 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000491
  The time period encompassing the 379th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 379 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000490
  The time period encompassing the 378th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 378 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000489
  The time period encompassing the 377th minute post first cleavage at 20 Centigrade with respect to Sulston's lineage tree. 377 min post first-cleavage Ce WBls:0000488