WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0004540

• Definition: cell that forms the duct of the excretory system.
• Name: excretory duct cell
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0004540
• Synonym: exc duct

2 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
The extracellular sinus formed by the excretory duct and pore cells.	Excretory duct		WBbt:0005777
nucleus of pedigree ABplpaaaapa	ABplpaaaapa nucleus		WBbt:0002005

2 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 82_1 with unidentified tissue expression pattern.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:82_1
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 32 expressed in: Seam cells (bus+) and excretory duct subpopulation.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:32

23 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr15965
• Pattern: Endogenously tagged LIN-2, LIN-7, LIN-10 and LET-23 EGFRallow for the analysis of their localization and expression patterns in other tissues. We found that all four proteins are expressed inneurons and sensory tissue in the head, and along the ventral anddorsal nerve chords. The intestine is prone to a highdegree of autofluorescence and was excluded from the initialanalysis. Whereas LET-23 EGFR and LIN-7 overlapped minimallyin the head, LIN-2 and LIN-7 colocalized strongly in theneural ring, and the ventral and dorsal nerve chords. Ofnote, we observed that LIN-2 was more strongly expressed in theisthmus of the pharynx than LIN-7. In contrast, LIN-7 wasmore strongly expressed in the gonad and uterus than LIN-2. LIN-10 overlapped minimally with LIN-2 in the neural ring and nerve chords, and shared very little overlap with LET-23 EGFR in other neural tissues in the head of the worm. LET-23::mK2 was strongly expressed in the excretory duct cell in which it signals through the LET-60 Ras/MPK-1 ERK pathway to regulate excretory duct cell development (Abdus-Saboor et al., 2011; Yochem et al., 1997).

• Primary Identifier: Expr9949
• Pattern: EGG-6::GFP was expressed in a subset of epithelial cells, including epidermal, vulval and rectal cells and the excretory duct and pore. EGG-6::GFP was also observed in some neurons. Expression began around the ventral enclosure stage of embryogenesis and continued through larval development, but then decreased in adulthood. Expression was absent from internal epithelia such as the gut and pharyngeal tubes.
• Subcellular Localization: In almost all epithelia where it was expressed, EGG-6::GFP appeared strongly apically enriched. In the excretory duct and pore, EGG-6::GFP lined the luminal membrane. In the epidermis, it was distributed across the apical surfaces of most dorsal and ventral epidermal cells but was observed more weakly or variably in the lateral (seam) epidermis. The fusion was not strongly enriched at apical junctions based on co-visualization with DLG-1/Discs Large::mcherry. The fusion protein partially overlapped with but did not strongly colocalize with transepidermal intermediate filaments at hemidesmosomes. The fusion was present in many large puncta, potentially representing a vesicular compartment trafficking to or from the membrane.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14227
• Remark: Other Strain: OH14397
• Pattern: head neurons, pharynx, gut, PVT, sometimes VNC, duct cell, pore cell - Broad not very distinct expression, a bit variable

• Primary Identifier: Expr24
• Remark: life_stage summary : postembryonic
• Pattern: Expression is seen in the excretory duct cell, a component of the so called 'excretory system' thought to be involved in osmoregulation and secretion. The pattern has two 'modes': one is defined by nuclear localisation of the reporter signal; the other has staining evident at the lumenal surface of the excretory duct, stretching along the duct to the excretory pore. This latter mode seems to be associated with animals in which the cuticle has a ruffled appearance, and thus may be moulting. Staining is seen in all post-embryonic stages. The lumen of the excretory duct stains L1 to adult.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11322
• Pattern: Adult: strong expression in vulval epithelium, gut, head muscle, pharynx: pm1,6,7,8, I3(?), a few more pharyngeal cells (neurons? epithelium); some arcade cells, excretory duct cell, 4 neurons in the retrovesicular ganglion, rectal glands, one additional rectal cell; occasionally hyp (expresses strongly in young larvae)

• Primary Identifier: Expr2257
• Pattern: Rescued transgenic animals showed NPR-1::GFP fluorescence predominantly in the nervous system. The NPR-1::GFP-expressing cells in the head were identified as sensory neurons AQR, ASE, ASG, ASH (L4/adult stages only), URX, IL2L/R and OLQ (with its socket and sheath cells), the interneurons AUA and SAAD, the motor neurons RMG and SMBD, and the pharyngeal neuron M3. In the ventral nerve cord, expression was observed in the GABA-containing VD and DD motoneurons. In the tail, expression was seen in the sensory neurons PQR, PHA and PHB. The interneurons RIV, RIG and SDQ was also identified as expressing NPR-1::GFP. For most neurons, expression was seen throughout post-embryonic life, usually in both partners of bilaterally symmetrical neuron pairs. NPR-1::GFP fluorescence was also seen in a muscle in the terminal bulb of the pharynx, and sometimes in the excretory duct cell and excretory canal.
• Subcellular Localization: NPR-1::GFP fluorescence was visible on neuron cell bodies, axons and dendrites.

• Primary Identifier: Expr967
• Remark: An independently isolated integrant (saIs11) carrying a construct without the NLS expressed GFP in the intestine and small cells in the head and tail regions. The authors noted that these small cells could not be identified reliably.
• Pattern: GFP fluorescence was observed from the embryo to the adult in a complex and dynamic pattern. Cells that consistently expressed DAF-14::GFP included intestinal cells, lateral hypodermal cells, the anal sphincter muscle, phasmid sheath cells, neurons in the lateral ganglia, the excretory duct cell, and several small cells anterior of the nerve ring that were not identified. In the lateral ganglia, expression was prominent in only a subset of neurons. In particular, strongest expression was often seen in an unidentified interneuron pair in the vicinity of AVJ and RIV.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9295
• Pattern: Strong sta-2 expression was observed in the epidermis throughout development. There was also an expression in the seam cells, the intestine, the phasmid socket cells, and the excretory duct cell, as well as cells in the vulva and the dorsal rectal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9601
• Pattern: paqr-3 is weakly expressed only in the hypodermal cells. Because this gene is embedded within a dense cluster of short rRNA genes, we constructed a second construct harboring a longer (3.2 kb) stretch of the sequence upstream of the start codon to drive the gfp reporter. This showed paqr-3 expression in hypodermal cells, duct cells, rectal gland, gonad sheath and vulva cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1627
• Remark: Probably also expressed at postembryonic stages, but actual stages was not mentioned clearly in the paper.
• Pattern: MUA-3 also localizes to sites where other striated muscles make adhesive contact and transmit force across the hypodermis. These include the vulval muscles, the anal depressor muscle, and the junctions between anal sphincter muscle and rectal cuticle that cross the intestinal/rectal epithelium. MUA-3 localizes to several sites where non-muscle cells make tight transhypodermal contacts to the cuticle. It is present in thin longitudinal stripes where the touch neurons (ALM and PLM) compress the hypodermis to make close contact with the cuticle, and where the sensory dendrites of the amphid, phasmid, and IL neurons penetrate the hypodermis and cuticle to form externally exposed sensilla. MUA-3 also localizes to the excretory duct and pore cells, both of which contain a cuticle lined lumen. MUA-3 localizes to several sites where nonmuscle cells make tight transhypodermal contacts to the cuticle. It is present in thin longitudinal stripes where the touch neurons (ALM and PLM) compress the hypodermis to make close contact with the cuticle, and where the sensory dendrites of the amphid, phasmid, and IL neurons penetrate the hypodermis and cuticle to form externally exposed sensilla. MUA-3 also localizes to the excretory duct and pore cells, both of which contain a cuticle lined lumen. MUA-3 was not detected at the uterine seam, where the uterus makes indirect IF mediated contact to the cuticle via the seam cells, or in the pharynx, where IF bundles link the basal lamina to the lumenal cuticle. The major site of MUA-3 localization is the hypodermis at the sites of muscle contact. The immunofluorescence coincides with the extent of the body wall muscle bands and shows a repeating pattern of closely spaced circumferential stripes (~0.4 um periodicity) separated by an unstained gap (~0.2 um) in adults. Individual stripes are not uniformly stained, but rather composed of many individual spots and frequently contain a narrow central nonstaining region. Where neuronal processes interpose between hypodermis and basal lamina, MUA-3 is absent, resulting in stereotypical gaps. The MUA-3 localization pattern is virtually identical with those reported for MH4 and p70 (IF proteins) and MH46 (myotactin). During embryogenesis, MUA-3 is observed in 2-fold and older embryos.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11391
• Remark: Feature : "lin-48.lre1". Expression pattern of lin-48::gfp transgenes that include mutations in both lre1 and lre2. These mutations disrupt expression in the hindgut cells, and excretory duct expression can be reduced. The authors do no specify construct details.
• Pattern: Mutations in the lre1 disrupts expression in the hindgut cells, and excretory duct expression can be reduced.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11392
• Remark: Feature : "lin-48.lre2". Expression pattern of lin-48::gfp transgenes that include mutations in both lre1 and lre2. These mutations disrupt expression in the hindgut cells, and excretory duct expression can be reduced. The authors do no specify construct details.
• Pattern: Mutations in the lre2 disrupts expression in the hindgut cells, and excretory duct expression can be reduced.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14228
• Remark: Other Strain: OH14399
• Pattern: Seam cells, duct cell, pore cell, in animals that don't show bright seam cell expression I see a couple of head neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13230
• Pattern: LPR-1 localizes to both intracellular and apical extracellular compartments. Secreted protein. When driven by the lpr-1 promoter, all fusions rescued lpr-1 lethality and were detected within the duct and pore cells and other external epithelia beginning at the 1.5-fold stage. The fusions were also secreted apically between the embryo and the eggshell and appeared enriched in or near the duct and pore lumens at the 3-fold stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9948
• Pattern: LET-4::GFP was expressed in a subset of epithelial cells, including epidermal, vulval and rectal cells and the excretory duct and pore. Expression began around the ventral enclosure stage of embryogenesis and continued through larval development, but then decreased in adulthood. Expression was absent from internal epithelia such as the gut and pharyngeal tubes. LET-4::GFP was transiently expressed in the excretory canal cell at the 1.5-fold stage, but no longer visible in this cell by hatch. Notably, with the exception of the canal cell, the epithelia that expressed LET-4 were those that would eventually become cuticle-lined.
• Subcellular Localization: In almost all epithelia where it was expressed, LET-4::GFP appeared strongly apically enriched. In the excretory duct and pore, LET-4::GFP lined the luminal membrane. In the epidermis, it was distributed across the apical surfaces of most dorsal and ventral epidermal cells but was observed more weakly or variably in the lateral (seam) epidermis. The fusion was not strongly enriched at apical junctions based on co-visualization with DLG-1/Discs Large::mcherry. The fusion protein partially overlapped with but did not strongly colocalize with transepidermal intermediate filaments at hemidesmosomes. The fusion was present in many large puncta, potentially representing a vesicular compartment trafficking to or from the membrane. Interestingly, the one exception to the apical localization of LET- 4::GFP was the excretory canal cell. At the 1.5-fold stage, when LET-4::GFP was transiently expressed in the canal cell, LET- 4::GFP localized uniformly around the plasma membrane and not to the developing internal lumen.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1133
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified. nhr-25::gfp-C causes early embryonic developing arrest, thus none of the embryos showing GFP expression hatched.
• Pattern: Expression first appeared in the four descendants of the E cell and later in derivatives of AB.p and C blastomeres. The expression continued in the hypodermis but not gut throughout the remainder of the embryogenesis. In L1, the strongest GFP was signals were observed in the seam cells and the pharyngeal and tail hypodermis. Also noted expression in the excretory duct cell.
• Subcellular Localization: Regardless of NLS, localized to nuclei.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2864
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: The nhr-85DGFP reporter is expressed in the developing vulva, the hypodermis, and specialized epithelia of the rectum and excretory duct.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12890
• Pattern: In CD1002, transgenic for pMPFG1 (Pfmo-4::GFP) that contains ~4 kb of fmo-4 5' flanking sequence, GFP was expressed diffusely throughout the syncytial hypodermis, including head and tail hyp cells, but was absent from seam cells. Prominent GFP expression was also observed in cells flanking the vulval slit and, most noticeably, in the duct and pore cells just anterior to the posterior bulb of the pharynx. Essentially the same GFP expression was observed in both CD1018, transgenic for the fosmid-based reporter fMW002 (Pfmo-4::fmo-4:: GFP), and BC14787 (rCesF53F4.5::GFP) (McKay et al., 2003) in which the PCR-generated Pfmo-4::GFP transgene drives gfp expression with ~2.5 kb of upstream sequence. GFP expression in the duct and pore cell bodies was clearly visible under higher magnification in all three strains and was also observed in CD1002 and BC14787 outlining the distal section of the excretory duct up to the location of the excretory pore. GFP expression was not observed in the body or canals of the adjacent excretory cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13008
• Pattern: A let-653 promoter::GFP transcriptional reporter was expressed in external (cuticle-producing) epithelial cells, including the epidermis, vulva, rectum and excretory duct and pore, but was mostly excluded from internal epithelia such as the pharynx, intestine and excretory canal cell. Occasionally, let-653pro::GFP expression was observed in the canal cells of embryos, but this expression disappeared in later stages LET-653 fusion proteins were never observed in the canal cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10531
• Pattern: atf-2::gfp expresses in the excretory duct cell, as well as other cells in the animal including the excretory pore cell and cells of the egg-laying and digestive systems (data not shown). atf-2::gfp expression initiates in the embryo and persists into larval and adult stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13009
• Subcellular Localization: In the vulva and likely in the excretory duct and pore tubes, LET-653 localizes transiently to two distinct pre-cuticular apical extracellular matrix compartments.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12236
• Pattern: lin-48::GFP reporter transgene is expressed in the excretory duct cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10532
• Pattern: ces-2::gfp expresses in the excretory duct cell, as well as other cells in the animal. Expression of ces-2::gfp is more robust in the embryo and diminishes in larvae.

12 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The whole period of embryogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, from the formation of an egg until hatching.		embryo Ce	WBls:0000003
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo.		fully-elongated embryo Ce	WBls:0000021
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over.		elongating embryo Ce	WBls:0000015
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing.		enclosing embryo Ce	WBls:0000013
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 100-290min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 28 cells to 421 cells. Referring to the whole period of gastrulation.		gastrulating embryo Ce	WBls:0000010
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 0-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 560 cells. From start of first cleavage until cleavage is over.		proliferating embryo Ce	WBls:0000004
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage.		3-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000020
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo.		1.5-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000018
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo.		comma embryo Ce	WBls:0000017
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo.		2-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000019
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage.		bean embryo Ce	WBls:0000016
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 210-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage before the fast cleavage of cells finishes.		late cleavage stage embryo Ce	WBls:0000014

3 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
	excretory system		WBbt:0005736
embryonic cell	ABplpaaaap		WBbt:0006528
an epithelial cell that serves either to bridge two neighboring epithelial tissues or to form an opening in the epithelium.	interfacial epithelial cell	interfacial cell	WBbt:0005754