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Ubiquitous |
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Expr1998
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Embryonic GFP expression was identical to that seen with anti-INA-1 antisera: ubiquitous expression beginning at gastrulation, with more pronounced expression in the developing pharynx. Because all cells of the embryo expressed moderate levels of GFP during the migrations of the CAN, ALM, and HSN neurons, it is unable to detect any changes in the levels or localization of GFP in these neurons during their migrations. In L1 larvae, however, most cells no longer expressed GFP, making expression of the GFP reporter in the migratory Q neuroblasts and their descendants quite distinct. In L1 larvae, these cells turned on GFP as they began their migrations, and then turned it off when the migrations were completed. In older larvae, some of the Q-derived neurons turned GFP back on. Other migrating cells in larvae also expressed GFP, notably the distal tip cells of the hermaphrodite gonad and the P cells. Cells in organs undergoing morphogenesis, such as the hermaphrodite uterus and vulva and the male tail, also expressed high levels of GFP. Finally, the GFP reporter was also expressed in many nonmigratory neurons, including neurons in the head, tail, and ventral nerve cord, at various times during larval and adult stages. |
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Expr2635
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In addition to the components described above, adult males showed transgene neuronal expression in the developing and mature male tail. Independent lines of transgenic C. elegans expressing the reporter transgene showed fluorescence in embryo, larval and adult stages. Embryonic reporter gene activity was observed around the time of gastrulation and continued throughout development. Strong fluorescence was observed in the intestinal cells of larvae and adults, and this was particularly enhanced in the cells of the posterior gut. Larval and adult fluorescence was also observed in neuronal cell bodies around the nerve ring and in processes extending towards the tip of the nose, indicative of them being the amphid sensory neurons. |
Expressed in neuronal cell bodies and processes. |
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No GO_term assigned. |
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Expr2720
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Strong reporter gene expression was first observed in the hypodermal seam cells during embryogenesis and subsequently in the seam cells of all larval stages. The main hypodermal syncytium, hyp7, of larvae and young adult nematodes also displayed reporter gene activity. Strong GFP expression was observed in the toroid cells that form the developing vulva in the L4 larval stage and expression persisted into early adulthood, but was not present in the vulva of mature hermaphrodites. In addition to the hypodermal expression described above for hermaphrodites, intense reporter gene activity was also observed in the developing ray papillae of the L4 male tail. Young adult males exhibited weak expression, restricted to the hypodermis just anterior to the tail. No transgene expression was detected in the dauer larvae, but expression re-appeared approximately 12 h after dauers had been transferred to a fresh lawn of E. coli. |
The expression in individual seam cells was often highly punctate. |
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Expr1979
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From late embryogenesis onwards, expression was observed in two rows of fourteen cells. The identity of these cells as the hypodermal seam cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using the MH27 antibody. Starting at the L3L4 stages, a dynamic pattern of expression was seen in the vulval precursor cells, and persisted into adulthood. Expression was also observed in at least six additional posterior cells that remain to be identified. No expression was observed in the gonad, presumably due to the previously described silencing of transgenes in the germline. In adult males, as well as expression in the seam cells, a specific pattern of expression was observed in the tail, in a number of unidentified cells. The protein is expressed almost ubiquitously in the embryos and the pattern becomes more and more specific during development. |
In all positive cells, fluorescence was observed in the nucleus. |
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The expression pattern of this construct was similar in independent transgenic lines, but the subcellular localization of the PRY-1 GFP fusion protein differed, ranging from localization at the plasma membrane and in cytoplasmic dots to diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. This difference in subcellular localization may be a consequence of variations in expression levels of the fusion protein in different transgenic lines. For ease of cell identification, a transgenic line showing diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was selected. This transgene fully rescued the lethality, the multivulva phenotype, and the QR.d migration defect of pry-1(mu38 and nc1). This suggests that the PRY-1 GFP fusion protein is functional and is correctly expressed in cells in which PRY-1 is essential. |
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Expr1896
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The pry-1 reporter gene is widely expressed throughout development. Expression starts halfway through embryogenesis and is mainly localized to the ventral and lateral hypodermal cells. At the early L1 stage, pry-1 is expressed at high levels in the lateral hypodermal cells (or seam cells) V5 and V6 and in the Q neuroblasts QL and QR. pry-1 is also expressed in the ventral hypodermal (P) cells P7/8 to P11/12, body wall muscle cells, and neurons in the head, the tail, and the ventral nerve cord. No differences in pry-1 expression levels between QL and QR was observed, but this may be a result of PRY-1 GFP overexpression. At the end of the L1 stage, pry-1 is expressed at high levels in all seam cells. Expression was also observed in the QL and QR daughter cells. At later larval stages, pry-1 is expressed at high levels throughout the animal, including hypodermal cells, body wall muscle cells, and many neurons in the ventral nerve cord and head and tail ganglia. In addition, pry-1 is expressed in the vulva precursor (Pn.p) cells and in the developing vulva and male tail. |
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Removal of the most upstream 1.5-kb HindIII fragment from pMF1 did not affect the expression pattern. The 3.4-kb HindIII fragment (enh3.4) is responsible for a large part of the normal embryonic ceh-13 expression pattern. The 1.2-kb HindIII fragment (enh1.2) is located more proximal to the coding region of pMF1. This fragment appears not to be required for embryonic expression, but drives expression of a GFP reporter gene in larvae and adults, for example, in the male tail. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. The enhancer region of ceh-13 contains different regulatory regions that are responsible for various aspects of the developmental expression pattern of this gene. |
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Expr1771
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pMF1, like the endogenous ceh-13 gene, is first expressed at the onset of gastrulation in the posterior daughters of the intestinal precursor cell E (Ep) and of the AB descendants ABxxx (ABxxxp). During later embryogenesis, CEH-13::GFP is detected in many different tissues and cell types. At the comma stage, for example, it is expressed in the lateral hypodermal cells H2 and V2, in anterior dorsal hypodermal and body wall muscle cells and in cells of the prospective ventral nerve cord (VNC). |
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C.elegans were injected individually with CeDOP2-YFP or cat-2-NLS-CFP. The expression patterns in animals carrying CeDOP2-YFP or cat-2-NLS-CFP were not different from that of animals carrying both vectors, which indicates that the colocalizations are not artifacts resulting from the coinjection. |
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Expr2618
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The tail region of male animals injected with CeDOP2-YFP and cat-2-NLS-CFP were also examined. However, the fluorescence of CFP in adult male ray neurons was very strong and it was impossible to separate it from the fluorescence of YFP. The expression of YFP indicates that CeDOP2 is also expressed in the male tail region. cat-2-NLS-CFP was observed in eight neurons in a hermaphrodite. They are CEP, ADE, and PDE neurons. CeDOP2-YFP was observed in several neurons around the nerve ring and the posterior side of the body. The merged image indicates that expression of CFP is seen only in the YFP-expressing neurons. These results show that CeDOP2 is expressed in all the dopaminergic neurons and some other neurons. |
Since the nuclear localization signals were fused to CFP, the fluorescence of CFP seemed to be localized in the nuclei. YFP fluorescence is observed in the cytoplasm of the same cells. |
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C.elegans were injected individually with CeDOP2-YFP or cat-2-NLS-CFP. The expression patterns in animals carrying CeDOP2-YFP or cat-2-NLS-CFP were not different from that of animals carrying both vectors, which indicates that the colocalizations are not artifacts resulting from the coinjection. |
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Expr2619
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The tail region of male animals injected with CeDOP2-YFP and cat-2-NLS-CFP were also examined. The fluorescence of CFP in adult male ray neurons was very strong and it was impossible to separate it from the fluorescence of YFP. cat-2-NLS-CFP was observed in eight neurons in a hermaphrodite. They are CEP, ADE, and PDE neurons. |
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Expr2673
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SPE-39 is distributed throughout the whole testis of a dpy-11 male (used as wild-type control), and there is no obvious abundance difference between the distal or proximal regions of this organ. |
SPE-39 staining shows a diffuse distribution in the cytoplasm in both wild-type spermatocytes and spermatids. In wild-type spermatocytes at the budding stage, SPE-39 staining is observed in both residual bodies and budding spermatids, but staining is stronger in the residual bodies than in the spermatids. In wild-type spermatids, staining of SPE-39 is concentrated in the center of the cytoplasm and diminished in the cytoplasmic cortex, where the MOs are located. Neither spe-39(eb9) nor spe-39(tx12) shows detectable staining for SPE-39 in either their spermatocytes or their spermatids. |
