WormMine: LifeStage WBls:0000109

• Definition: The fourth stage larva of nematodes.
• Primary Identifier: WBls:0000109
• Public Name: L4 larval stage

0 Anatomy Terms

1 Contained In

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The stage that begins after hatching and ends when the nematode becomes adult.		nematode larval stage	WBls:0000105

4 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	C.briggsae proteins that showed significantly increased at L4 larva stage than in emrbyo.	Benjamin and Hochberg corrected p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00051425:CB_L4_vs_embryo_upregulated
	C.briggsae proteins that showed significantly decreased at L4 larva stage than in emrbyo.	Benjamin and Hochberg corrected p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00051425:CB_L4_vs_embryo_downregulated
Virus infection: Santeuil infected at L3 larva stage for 12 hours.	Transcripts that showed signicantly increased expression after Santeuil virus infection to C. briggsae strain JU1264.	edgeR, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00051137:Santeuil-virus_upregulated_JU1264
Virus infection: Santeuil infected at L3 larva stage for 12 hours.	Transcripts that showed signicantly decreased expression after Santeuil virus infection to C. briggsae strain JU1264.	edgeR, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00051137:Santeuil-virus_downregulated_JU1264

5 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr11516
• Pattern: The developmental profiles of Cbr-puf-2 and Cbr-puf-1.2 mRNA levels are qualitatively similar and are typical of germ line-expressed genes: low expression from embryo to L2 stages, slightly increasing expression at L3 and L4, and peak levels in adults. However, Cbr-puf-2 is over 100-fold more abundant than Cbr-puf-1.2.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12011
• Pattern: The earliest Ppa-obi-1 expression occurs in at least one cell in the pre-comma embryonic stage but soon disappears until weak expression reappears in the hyp7 and seam cells in J4 larvae. The most robust and diverse Ppa-obi-1 expression was found in mid-J4 hermaphrodites, which is consistent with real time quantitative PCR results indicating transcript levels in J2 and J3 larvae are less than in J4 larvae. In the mid-J4 stage, Ppa-obi-1 is strongly expressed in the major hypodermal syncytium and the lateral hypodermal cells that cover most of the body (hyp7 and seam cells) as well as the ventral tail Ppa-obi-1 is also strongly expressed in the P(5-7).p cell descendants that form the vulva lumen (vulC, D, E) during the mid-J4 stage until just prior to vulval eversion, as well as in the vulva muscles (likely vm1, 2). Most notably, Ppa-obi-1 expression was observed in the two bilaterally symmetrical specialized epithelial cells that envelope the chemosensory neurons, known as the amphid sheath cells. Ppa-obi-1p::gfp expression in the putative amphid sheath cells lie dorsal-lateral and posterior to the DiI labeled amphid neurons ASK, ADL, and ASI. Expression was also noticed in four unknown cell types anterior to the metacarpus (anterior pharyngeal bulb), which could be putative neuronal support cells for the inner labial or outer labial quadrant sensilla (IL or OLQ). Ppa-obi-1 is also expressed in putative duct and excretory cells on the ventral anterior side that form part of the excretory system.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11408
• Remark: Feature : apl-1 enhancer region.
• Pattern: This 201-bp region is sufficient to drive gfp expression in the seam cells. The expression was low at the early L4 stage, but significantly elevated at the late L4 stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11505
• Pattern: The expression of C. briggsae fog-3 was highest during the L4 larval stage, when the animals produce sperm, but that expression was low during adulthood, when the animals make only oocytes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11506
• Pattern: In C remanei both larval and adult males produce high levels of fog-3, but neither larval nor adult females produce detectable levels of this message.

0 Followed By

1 Preceded By

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The third stage larva of nematodes.		L3 larval stage	WBls:0000108

2 Sub Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The fourth stage larva. At 25 Centigrade, it ranges 40-49.5 hours after fertilization, 26-35.5 hours after hatch.		L4 larva Ce	WBls:0000038
	The fourth stage larva. Should be conditioned by days post infection; as moulting is not synchronous, some samples are defined as L3/L4, indicating a mix of individuals as late L3, moulting, and early L4.		Brugia L4	WBls:0000082