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Expr963
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Transgenic animals bearing pFX1G1 had high levels of GFP fluorescence or immunoreactivity in embryonic and postembryonic neurons. fax-1::gfp expression was first detected in embryos prior to elongation (approximately 350 minutes of development). By approximately 400 minutes, there is strong fax-1::gfp expression in as many as 20 neurons in the embryonic head and 1-2 neurons in the embryonic tail. fax-1::gfp is expressed in 20 neurons postembryonically, through the adult stage. The position of these neurons indicates that most or all of them are among the 22 neurons that express fax-1::gfp embryonically. These cells include both AVKR and AVKL. fax-1::gfp was not observed in either of the HSN or PVQ neurons, or in the PVPR neuron at any stage of development. fax-1::gfp expression was observed in several other neurons and two non-neuronal cell types in transgenic animals carrying pFX1G1. These include the pairs of CEPD and URX sensory neurons, three pharyngeal neurons (M1, MI and probably M5), two pairs of ring interneurons (including the RIC pair), five neurons in the retrovesicular ganglion (including SABD and the pair of SABV neurons), a single neuron in the preanal ganglion (either PVPL or PVT) and a single neuron in the dorsorectal ganglion of the tail (probably DVA). There is incompletely penetrant fax-1::gfp expression in a few additional neurons that were not identified, and in the non neuronal dorsal rectal cell and distal tip cells of the somatic gonad. |
GFP immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm, axons and nuclei of cells. Axons of neurons that express fax-1::gfp embryonically were observed in the process of outgrowth. |
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This Expr_pattern is about CeTMIV, an isoform of tmy-1 transcription. To confirm the CeTMIV isoform expression pattern, corresponding tmy-1::gfp vectors were assayed. Similar GFP expressions induced in pharynx and intestines respectively. These results show that the CeTMIV isoform was expressed in the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells and establish that the primary promoter region was located within 853 bp upstream of the initial ATG. pretzel stage (author) = fully-elongated embryo (wjc). |
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Expr1679
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The constructs pTMZIV4349 and pTMZIV1957 induced beta-galactosidase expressions in both the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells with similar intensities. Specifically, pharyngeal expressions were observed in all the eight muscle cells (m1-m8), one marginal cell (mc), one epithelial cell (e1) and the four cells of the pharyngo-intestinal valve (PIV). The 20 intestinal cells, some of which are binucleated and localized alongside the intestine, posterior of pharynx and anterior of anus were all stained with intense staining occurring at the most posterior end. Intestinal staining was limited only to intestinal cells, although there were slight variations in position of nuclei and staining intensity. Expression was also detected in embryos between gastrulation and the comma stage. At this stage of development, the exact nuclei are difficult to identify, but the positions and topology suggest pharynx and intestines. By the pretzel stage, identification of the different pharyngeal muscles showing expression becomes possible. A similar expression was also observed in the pharynx of males, although the intestinal staining was more restricted to the posterior region. No expression was induced by the further deletion construct pTMZIV1219. In all cases, the most uniform and intense expression patterns were observed between L1 and L2 worms, and were completed by L2. From L3 to adult, there was a reduction in expression intensity. Both pharyngeal and intestinal expressions were evident within six hours after staining. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1327
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Expression of the lir-1::lacZ construct pML169, which should reflect the expression of all lir-1 isoforms, and of the lir-1::lacZ construct pML165, which should reflect only the expression of lir-1 isoforms starting after the second exon, were first very weakly detected at the 200-cell stage and then clearly detected at the 350-cell stage in major hypodermal cells and at the early comma stage in those same hypodermal cells, as well as in support cells and in all minor hypodermal cells. Starting at the late comma stage, expression of the lir-1::lacZ construct pML169, but not that of pML165, was detected in all cells (i.e., in intestinal, pharyngeal, muscle, neuronal, hypodermal, and support cells). Similarly, during larval development, expression of the lir-1::lacZ pML169 was detected in virtually all cells, including cells of the somatic gonad, but not in intestinal cells after the late L1 stage nor in germ cells. |
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All of the reporter constructs produced the same cell-specific expression pattern as transgenes. |
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Expr1438
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The reporter transgenes express ubiquitously in the early embryo starting at about the 100 cell stage during gastrulation. In late embryogenesis and posthatching, expression is more limited. Strongest expression is observed in migrating cells and growing neurons as these cells undergo movements on the epidermis. At hatching, the reporters express in many neurons throughout the animal, in several cells of the pharynx including some pharyngeal neurons, in the elongated processes of the excretory cells, in the amphid and phasmid sheath and socket cells, in the tail hypodermis, and at later stages in intestine, muscles, vulva, and somatic gonad including the gonad sheath and hermaphrodite distal tip cells. The neurons expressing unc-73 include the PLM, ALM, PDE, HSN, CAN, PHC, and PVN neurons and the ventral cord motorneurons. Expression in the HSNs is absent in early larval stages, but begins late in the second larval stage (L2), precisely when axon outgrowth is initiated from the HSN cell bodies. The Q neuroblasts, Pn neuroectoblasts, sex myoblasts (SMs), and canal associated neurons (CANs) express unc-73 reporters. The left and right Q cells begin to express the GFP reporter as they initiate their migrations along the longitudinal axis of the epidermis during the early first larval (L1) stage, and expression in these cells continues beyond the completion of their first division. The unc-73 reporters express in the Pn cells just before this second phase of movemen. The distal tip cells also express the unc-73/reporters during their migration. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1059
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Wild-type animals transformed with this construct show GFP fluorescence in most, if not all, neurons. Fluorescence first appears in comma stage embryos and persists through adulthood. In addition to neurons, expression was seen in the pharynx, in coelomocytes, and in the distal tip cell. rpm-1 is not to be expressed in body wall muscle, hypodermis, or intestine. |
The GFP signal in pSAM3 transformants is weak. Expression of the pSAM3 rescuing construct indicates that RPM-1 is most abundant in axons of the nerve ring neuropil. Clearly, RPM-1 is not confined to the nucleus. |
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Expr1060
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RIC-8 immunoreactivity observed throughout the nervous system in both juvenile and adult worms. In juveniles, but not adults, however, immunoreactivity was observed around the nuclei of many nonneuronal cells, including germ cell nuclei. Both neuronal and nonneuronal RIC-8 staining were absent in animals stained with a RIC-8 preabsorbed antibody preparation. Within the nervous system, RIC-8 appears to be present in most or all neurons, including those comprising the ventral nerve cord, although the amount of staining varied greatly between individual neurons. Observed RIC-8 staining in neuronal processes, including strong staining of amphid dendritic processes and weaker staining at some cholinergic synapses in the ventral nerve cord, as well as the axonal processes of the nerve ring. |
RIC-8 staining in neuronal cell somas did not appear localized but instead appeared to fill the cytoplasm. |
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Expr1360
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Both gfp reporter constructs showed identical expression patterns throughout development in the nervous system and in muscle cells. Animals with an integrated gpb-2::gfp array showed no expression in embryos until the comma stage when broad expression was seen, excluding the dorsal posterior site of the comma stage embryo. From the comma stage onward, when tissues differentiate and become organized, until hatching of the embryos, gpb-2 expression was stronger and broadly expressed in the head and tail ganglia. In larvae and adult animals, gpb-2 expression was seen in most or all neurons, including neurons located in the head ganglia, the ventral nerve cord, and the tail ganglia. Additionally, gpb-2 expression was seen in the hermaphrodite-specific neurons (HSNs), which control egg laying and the canal cell-associated neurons (CANs). Besides neuronal expression, high expression levels of gpb-2 were also seen in muscle cells of the pharynx, the vulva muscle cells, and the body-wall muscle cells. In males, similar neuronal and muscle expression was observed. Thus, gpb-2 is widely expressed in most neurons and in muscle cells that control several distinct behaviors. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1542
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LacZ activity was shown throughout the nervous system at all larva stages and in adults. Virtually all neurons showed goa-1 expression, including HSN. Some non-neuronal types also express goa-1, such as vulva, uterine muscles in the hermaphrodite, the diagonal muscles in the male, most cells of the pharynx, the distal tip cells in the adult hermaphrodite, and the intestinal muscle. GFP construct confirmed this expression pattern. |
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Expr1620
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ryr-1 is expressed in body-wall and pharyngeal muscles and in non-muscle cells. Beta-galactosidase activity detected in body-wall and pharyngeal muscle cells. Deletion of 3.3 kb of 5H-upstream sequence resulted in expression in non-muscle cells such as neuron and intestine (pRRZ462). Non-muscle expression was observed in constructs containing a short (less than 1470 bp) 5H-upstream sequence. Two regions appear to be required for body-wall muscle expression. Expression in younger animals was much higher than that in adults. |
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Expr1738
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The functional GFP::DAF-16B fusion protein fluorescence was first detected in early embryos, prior to morphogenesis. After hatching and in all later developmental stages, transgenic larvae showed GFP in the pharynx and in many neurons throughout the body. From the late L3 stage onward, GFP was also detected in somatic gonads. |
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GFP expression matched the expression pattern of a daf-4::gfp gene fusion (Patterson et al., 1997), suggesting that daf-4 regulatory sequences conferring tissue-specificity are upstream of the transcription start site. |
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Expr948
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GFP was expressed in the pharynx, intestine, hypodermis and body wall muscles, in L1 through adult stages. In the head, GFP was seen in neurons of the lateral, vesicular and retrovesicular ganglia. Ventral cord neurons also were visible, as was the PVT neuron, but only two phasmid neurons were detected in the tail. Whereas the nervous system is the primary site of gfp expression mediated by the daf-1 promoter, the daf-4 promoter directs expression more broadly, consistent with its other functions. In L1 larvae, when the dauer/nondauer decision is made, daf-4 promoter is active in neurons in the head, as well as in the ventral cord and tail. The promoters continues to express GFP in dauer larvae from starved plates. |
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Data observed from, atIs13, atEx32 and atEx35. |
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Expr970
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In comma to 1.5-fold stage embryos, the nhr-25::GFP are expressed in the V cells, P cells and hyp7. Expression also observed in the head and tail hypodermal cells of embryos. The earliest expression is at ~250-300 min post fertilization. atEx32 and atEx35 L1 animals exhibited consistent reporter expression in the hyp7 and P cell nuclei. The P cell expression was very strong at hatching. GFP expression in the P cell and hyp7 decreased during mid-L1, but frequently increased late L1. At hatching no expression in observed in the V cells. In mid L1 the V cells divided and the anterior daughters begin to express GFP as they join the syncytium. Strong expression is also seen in the head and tail hypodermal nuclei of L1 larva. Expression in the hypodermal nuclei of older larva stages is similar to that in the L1. GFP expression decreases markedly in adults. GFP is also observed in other ectodermal cells. In L1, expression is observed in the G2(excretory pore) cell and in a cell tentatively identified as the W neuroblast. In older larva, expression continues in G2 but disappears in the W lineage once the cells divides to generate neurons. Beginning in L2, GFP is expressed in the region around the rectum. Expression is also occasionally observed in the anterior pharynx, in the nuclei with positions consistent with those of the pharyngeal epithelial cells. |
nuclei |
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lima stage (author) = bean embryo (wjc). |
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Expr1074
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NID-1 was first detected in embryos at the beginning of morphogenesis (lima stage) localized to body wall muscle cells. As embryos elongate strong NID-1 staining is seen around body wall muscle cells and diffuse stain begins to accumulate on the surfaces of the pharyngeal and intestinal primordia. Once the embryo has elongated to the 2-fold stage, NID-1 has localized to the basal face of the body wall muscles and shows strong accumulation on the surfaces of the pharyngeal, intestinal, and gonad primordia. In three- and fourfold stage embryos, NID-1 accumulates to higher levels and remains localized under the four body wall muscle quadrants and on the surfaces of the pharynx, intestine, and gonad. In L1 larvae the intensity of staining of body wall muscle, pharynx, and intestine appears reduced, and strong staining associated with the nerve ring becomes apparent. This pattern continues through the L2 and L3 larval stages, with the addition of stronger staining of the distal tip cells as they lead the growth of the gonad. In late L3 to L4 stage larvae particularly strong NID-1 accumulation is seen associated with the distal tip cells and the developing somatic structures of the gonad, the spermatheca, uterus, and vulva. Under the body wall muscles of larval and adult stage animals NID-1 is organized as punctate lines. These lines follow the rows of dense bodies within the muscle cells. NID-1 also accumulates strongly at the outer edges of the muscle quadrants and more weakly at the boundaries between muscle cells within each quadrant. Less organized NID-1 staining is seen in the regions between the body wall muscle quadrants, presumably associated with the epidermal basement membranes in these regions. NID-1 accumulates along the four sublateral nerves that run beneath the center of each muscle quadrant. The sublateral nerves extend along dorso- and ventrolateral tracts from the nerve ring in the anterior of the animal to near the middle of the animal where they turn further lateral to positions coincident with the lateral edges of the body wall muscle quadrants. NID-1 accumulation on these nerves is seen in larval and adult animals and is similar in intensity to the staining at the edges of the body wall muscle quadrants. Staining along the edges of the body wall muscle quadrants appears to be associated with the muscle edges rather than the nerves in these regions because the staining closely follows the edge of the muscles and it does not display the left/right asymmetry expected for the ventral and dorsal nerve cords. Less organized NID-1 staining is also present in the regions between body wall muscle quadrants. |
membranes |
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Expr1085
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GFP expression was first observed at the 3-fold embryonic stage and was continuously expressed thereafter throughout embryonic and postembryonic development and into adulthood. The GFP signal was observed in the hypodermis, two pairs of bilaterally symmetrical head neurons that extend processes to the tip of the pharynx, and one posteriorly located neuron that sends a process along the ventral nerve cord to the head. |
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Expr1089
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According to the paper cgc3971: GFP was expressed exclusively in the interneuron AVA that is involved in the backward locomotion in C. elegans. The relative location of the GFP-positive neuron with that of the surrounding amphid neurons (ASK, ADL, ASI, ASH, and ASJ) establishes the identity of the GFP-expressing neuron as AVA. The GFP expression in these neurons was detected as early as L1 larva stage and persisted into the adult stage. Also according to the same pers. comm.: ... the Rongo lab has tried to use the promoter fragment for opt-3 to drive expression in AVE specifically. In their hands, the opt-3 promoter is not as specific as we had observed. The Rongo lab see expression in AVEs and also the pharynx and in the touch cells... But according to personal communication from Michael Krause on Sept 9, 2003 with WormBase curator: ... Turns out we were not correct, expression of this particular transgene was really in the neuron next door, AVE L&R. That information has been confirmed by David Miller and one other person and the transgene is used to show AVEs in WormAtlas... |
A fluorescence microscopy image with a standard fluorescein isothiocyanate filter showed AVAR and AVAL neuron cell bodies and the processes. |
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Expr1331
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PDK-1/GFP expression is observed in late stage embryos and throughout the life of the animal. In postembryonic animals, PDK-1/GFP expression is observed in the cell bodies and processes of the majority of neurons in the head and tail, in the motor neurons of the ventral nerve cord and neuronal processes along the body of the animal, in the cells and neurons of the pharynx, in intestinal cells, and in hypodermal cells. In L4s and adults, PDK-1/GFP is also expressed in the somatic gonad. |
cell bodies and processes of neurons |
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Expr1381
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Expression of both the 48.1C and 41.2C transgenes was consistently observed in embryos from gastrulation onward, in all larval stages and in adults. In postembryonic stages, both transgenes were expressed in most tissues. Although 41.2C is expressed in numerous tissues, especially the pharynx and gut, it is not expressed in the gonad. 41.8C express in a tissue general fashion and expression s in every cell type has been observed in strains carrying this transgene, including neurons, muscle, intestine, and hypodermis. Only the germ-line failed to express this fusion gene. Tissues expressing the hsp-16::lacZ fusion in these strains include nerve ganglia in the head and ventral cord; hypodermal nuclei of the lateral hypodermis, vulva, head and tail, body wall and pharyngeal muscle, somatic gonad, mesodermal tissue such as coelomocytes, and muscles involved in defecation. On the other hand, subtle differences in the expression pattern of these two transgenes were identified. 41.2C stain most intensely throughout the pharynx whereas 48.1C demonstrated conspicuous expression in body wall muscle. |
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Expr1456
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Almost every DAF-4/GFP transgenic animal shows strong GFP fluorescence in many, but not all, head neurons, the ventral nerve cord (both cell bodies and processes,), intestinal cells, and tail neurons. DAF-4/GFP is expressed in the pharynx, and weakly in the ventral nerve cord cell bodies. DAF-4/GFP is expressed rarely in main body hypodermis, but is expressed in tail hypodermis. This apparent difference in the tail versus the main body may be attributable to effects of the anatomy on scoring. DAF-4/GFP is not localized to the membrane surrounding the intestinal lumen, nor is it expressed in the distal tip cell or its precursors. Expression of DAF-4/GFP is similar in larval stages and adults. DAF-4/GFP is first detectable at late embryogenesis when the embryo resembles an L1 larva. DAF-4/GFP is not expressed in early embryos. |
DAF-4/GFP is localized to membranes. |
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egl-3 is called CELPC2 in this article. The locus name was identified by blast search in WS58. --wjc. |
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Expr1532
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Signal was seen in the pharyngeal region and in the tail. Adult worms showed intense signal in a group of cells circumscribing the isthmus and terminal bulb regions of the pharynx, as well as another group in the tail. Staining was very consistent in adults, but more variable in larvae. |
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Expr1564
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Expressed in the pharyngeal corpus and and isthmus at all larva and adult stages. |
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Expr1651
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zygotic expression of a CEP-1::GFP fusion reporter is first detected at the 50-cell stage and appears to be ubiquitous throughout embryonic development. Near the end of embryogenesis, GFP fluorescence decreases; after hatching, expression is restricted to a subset of pharynx cells, becoming concentrated in nucleoli. |
nucleoli |
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Expr1750
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Expression is activated postembryonically in the first larval (L1) stage. Neuronal expression in: PVT, ASK, ASI, BAG, M2 Non-neuronal expression in: pharyngeal mesoderm & ectoderm(L1 only) |
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late embryo (author) = fully-elongated embryo (curator) |
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Expr1408
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AKT-1/GFP expression is first observed in late embryos and is maintained throughout the life of the animal. In postembryonic animals, AKT-1/GFP is expressed in the majority of head neurons including sensory neurons. Expression is also observed in motor neurons of the ventral and dorsal nerve cord and several other neuronal commissures throughout the body, and the tail neurons. Additional tissues that consistently express AKT-1/GFP include neurons and muscle cells of the pharynx, the rectal gland cells, and the spermatheca. AKT-1/GFP expression was observed more variably in a variety of cell types including hypodermis, intestine, muscle, some of the P-cell descendants that form the vulva, and in the excretory canal. |
The fusion protein is localized throughout the cell body and axonal and dendritic processes of neurons but is usually excluded from the nucleus. |
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See Expr1408 for akt-1 expression pattern. |
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Expr1409
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AKT-2/GFP full-length protein fusion gene is expressed at the same times as AKT-1/GFP and in the same tissues that express AKT-1/GFP although AKT-2/GFP seems to be less abundant. |
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Expr1458
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In transgenic animals carrying the fusion gene, an egl-19::GFP fluorescent signal was first detected in body wall muscles in 11/2-fold embryos, before the onset of embryonic muscle contraction. By the time of hatching, GFP fluorescence was found in pharyngeal muscles pm3, pm4, pm5 and pm7, in body wall muscles and in the anal depressor muscle. Expression was also found in the nervous system, including the pharyngeal neuron M4 and several neurons in the head, the ventral nerve cord and the preanal ganglion. |
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Expr1222
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In adult animals, GFP signal was found in all body wall muscle cells, in the three pharyngeal cells pm5 and in the anal sphincter muscle. A weak expression was observed in four of the eight vulval muscle cells (vm1) whereas in males, GFP was expressed in diagonal and spicule muscles. GFP was expressed also in three pairs of cephalic sensory neurons located in anterior (two pairs) and dorsal (one pair) head ganglia, respectively. These neurons possessed endings in the labial region and were identified as the outer lateral labial cells (OLL) and the four sensory cephalic neurons CEP (the ventral CEP pair is ventral and anterior to the nerve ring, the dorsal CEP pair is posterior to the nerve ring). During development, GFP was detected in embryos at the 1-1/2-fold stage, in one muscle quadrant. For larval stages, an expression pattern similar to that in adults was observed, but in early L1, a strong signal was detected in the mesodermal M cell in the mid-part of the body. |
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Expr1259
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Expression observed only in specific cells during most developmental stages after hatching. The cell identity cannot be fully determined. Some were identified as the pharyngeal muscle cells (m3-m8) |
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GFP and antibody show the same expression pattern. |
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Expr1233
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kel-1 protein became detectable at the 1.5-fold embryo, appearing as a dotted line at the midline of the head region. At the 2-fold embryo, and 3-fold embryo, observed more evidently as a central line along the lumen of the pharynx between posterior end of the buccal cavity and the terminal bulb. At embryonic stages up to the pretzel, but not larval stages, anti-KEL-1 stained a structure appearing to be perpendicular to the pharynx. With laser scanning confocal microscope, this structure appeared to be a ring surrounding the posterior metacorpus. Expression was observed along the pharyngeal lumen throughout the postembryonic development. Cells strongly express KEL-1 were the pharyngeal g1 gland cells. |
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Expr1486
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Each isoform of gap-2 showed a distinct tissue-specific expression pattern. Exon-10::gfp::lacZ gave weak but consistent staining in four cells symmetricelly localted in the vulva region, probably either vulval muscles or uterine muscles. Exon-13::gfp::lacZ was expressed in many neural cells and some muscle cells in the head region, pharyngeal muscles, pharyngeal epithelial cells, lateral hypodermal cells called seam cells from L2 to adult, and some cells in the developing vulva, typically during the L4 stage. Exon-15::gfp::lacZ exhibited strong expression in the pharyngeal muscle cells m6, in addition to several cells in the tail region. Exon-4::gfp::lacZ was expressed in pharyngeal muscles, pharyngeal epithelial cells and several rectal/blast cells in the tail region. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. late embryo(author) = fully-elongated embryo (wjc) |
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Expr1056
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GFP expression in the anterior was observed in the sensory neurons AFDL/R, in the interneurons BDUL/R, and in the asymmetrical interneuron ALA. The expression pattern of the GFP constructs was continuous from the late embryonic through all larval stages and maintained in adults. Both constructs show the same expression pattern. Larval and adult expression of CEH-14 protein in AFDL/R and BDUL/R was confirmed by immunolocalization using the CEH-14-specific antiserum. One additional cell expressing CEH-14 was observed in the head, at a location consistent with that for ALA. The staining was always nuclear. In the tail region, ceh-14 is expressed in PVT, PVQL/R, DVC, PVNL/R, PVWL/R, PVR, PHCL/R, PHAL/R, and PHBL/R. |
Always expressed in nuclei. |
