WormMine: Gene WBGene00000282

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000282
• Gene Name: cah-4
• Sequence Name: R01E6.3
• Brief Description: cah-4 encodes a carbonic anhydrase homolog, which is rather divergent from other such homologs in C. elegans (with at most 38% identity to any other carbonic anhydrase, in or out of C. elegans); it is individually dispensable for viability and for grossly normal postembryonic morphology, and thus may have a more subtle biological function than the basic cytoprotective functions expected for carbonic anhydrases.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables carbonate dehydratase activity. Involved in small molecule metabolic process. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Expressed in several structures, including body wall musculature; enteric muscle; excretory cell; rectal muscle; and somatic nervous system. Is an ortholog of several human genes including CA1 (carbonic anhydrase 1); CA3 (carbonic anhydrase 3); and CA5A (carbonic anhydrase 5A).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: X :12.7093 ±0.004543
• Length (nt): 2026

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000282

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:R01E6.3b.1	R01E6.3b.1	987	X: 13542574-13544599
Transcript:R01E6.3a.1	R01E6.3a.1	1079	X: 13543029-13544599

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:R01E6.3a	R01E6.3a	843	X: 13543038-13543176
CDS:R01E6.3b	R01E6.3b	708	X: 13542626-13542629

10 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00027423
• WBRNAi00000716
• WBRNAi00051096
• WBRNAi00017294
• WBRNAi00026008
• WBRNAi00026009
• WBRNAi00077520
• WBRNAi00098178
• WBRNAi00077519
• WBRNAi00110318

38 Allele

• gk964260
• gk964029
• gk962707
• gk964028
• gk963810
• gk963581
• WBVar01928403
• WBVar01759961
• gk298935
• gk298936
• gk298932
• gk298933
• gk298934
• gk298938
• gk298937
• WBVar01679171
• gk318495
• gk319339
• gk734675
• gk736919
• WBVar00216974
• gk728786
• gk594819
• gk668023
• h16047
• WBVar02034890
• WBVar01703720
• gk394279
• gk319772
• tm2805

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: X
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17718942

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000282
• Start: 13542574
• End: 13544599
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrX_13544600..13544728
• Length (nt): 129
• Chromosome Location: X: 13544600-13544728
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

243 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood.	SAM	WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in atfs-1(cmh15) (null allele) animals comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00060909:atfs-1(cmh15)_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in rrf-3(pk1426) comparing to in N2 at embryo stage.	DESeq2v 1.18.1, fold change > 1.5, adjusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00056169:rrf-3(pk1426)_upregulated_embryo
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2.	To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs.	WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_N2-background
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in control animals.	NOIseq(v2.34.0), fold change > = 1.5, Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined as having a probability of differentialexpression > 95%.	WBPaper00064727:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly changed expression in 6-day post-L4 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite animals.	Sleuth	WBPaper00051558:aging_regulated
	Significantly differentially expressed genes as determined by microarray analysis of wild-type and cde-1 mutant germlines.	RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p < 0.05 were considered differentially regulated between wildtype and cde-1.	WBPaper00035269:cde-1_regulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in dissected female germline comparing to in dissected male germline.	Log2 Fold change > 2 or <-1, p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00053599:female_vs_male_downregulated
	Genes with increased RNA expression after 24 hours rotenone treatment	EdgeR provides statistical routines for determining differential expression in digital gene expression data using a model based on the negative binomial distribution. The resulting p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochbergs approach for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). Transcripts with an adjusted p-value smaller 0.05 were assigned as differentially expressed.	WBPaper00044426:rotenone_24h_upregulated
Starvation	Starvation-induced transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in post dauer animals comparing to wild type control.	edgeR	WBPaper00053713:Starvation-induced_postdauer_vs_control_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed

10 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2009698
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030184
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr9943
• Pattern: The expression of cah-4a isoform appeared to occur throughout the entire nervous system. In addition to neuronal labeling, strong expression was observed in various muscle cells including the head muscle cells, the vulva and pharynx.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9944
• Pattern: cah-4b displayed neuronal expression. Only subsets of the adult neurons expressed GFP. In addition to neuronal labeling, strong expression was observed in the hypodermis and various muscle cells including the vulva and pharynx. cah-4b translational fusion protein was expressed most strongly in the excretory cell but GFP labeling was also found in the cytoplasm of various muscle and hypodermal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8777
• Remark: Picture: Fig 7.
• Pattern: The GFP protein was localized at all stages in the excretory cell, in the nervous system (nerve ring, dorsal and ventral cord and motor neuron commissures), in body wall muscles and in the anal muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9209
• Pattern: cah-4 was primarily expressed in the hypodermis (excluding the seam cells) and in the excretory cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2027937
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1011544
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154803
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr15868
• Pattern: Cah-3 and cah-4 are expressed throughout development, with the highest expression levels seen during the L1 to L3 stages.

7 GO Annotation

13 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000282
• Start: 13542574
• End: 13544599
• Strand: 1

7 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2026

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

0 Strains

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrX_13540174..13542573
• Length (nt): 2400
• Chromosome Location: X: 13540174-13542573
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans