WormMine: Gene WBGene00000910

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000910
• Gene Name: daf-14
• Sequence Name: F01G10.8
• Brief Description: daf-14 encodes a Smad-related protein that is unusual in that while its C-terminus is well-conserved with Smad proteins, it lacks the N-terminal DNA binding domain found in all other known Smads; DAF-14 is predicted to function as a transducer of the DAF-7/TGF-beta-mediated signal that promotes reproductive growth and negatively regulates dauer formation; DAF-14 activity is also required for normal adult lifespan; as reduction of daf-14 function enhances the dauer constitutive phenotype of daf-8 mutants, and overexpression of daf-14 can rescue daf-8 mutant animals, it is likely that the DAF-14 and DAF-8 Smad proteins function in parallel to control dauer formation; further genetic analyses suggest that DAF-14 and DAF-8 function to antagonize the activities of the DAF-3 Smad and DAF-5 Sno/Ski oncoprotein, which are required for dauer formation; a DAF-14::GFP reporter is expressed in a dynamic pattern in tissues, such as the hypodermis, intestine, and pharynx, that are remodeled during dauer development.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; I-SMAD binding activity; and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including determination of adult lifespan; egg-laying behavior; and negative regulation of dauer larval development. Predicted to be part of heteromeric SMAD protein complex. Expressed in several structures, including anal sphincter muscle; excretory duct cell; intestine; nerve ring; and phasmid sheath cell.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: IV :4.56437±
• Length (nt): 5226

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000910

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:F01G10.8b.1	F01G10.8b.1	1272	IV: 10250627-10255852
Transcript:F01G10.8a.1	F01G10.8a.1	1118	IV: 10253666-10255849

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:F01G10.8a	F01G10.8a	864	IV: 10253666-10253675
CDS:F01G10.8b	F01G10.8b	996	IV: 10250646-10250728

5 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00067623
• WBRNAi00043770
• WBRNAi00012750
• WBRNAi00030554
• WBRNAi00075919

71 Allele

• gk964278
• gk964078
• gk964500
• gk962765
• sa340
• sa535
• WBVar01650038
• WBVar02021112
• gk946543
• gk946544
• tm8330
• gk388444
• gk572855
• gk782497
• gk604330
• gk511833
• ok3647
• gk777581
• gk438904
• gk452275
• gk885933
• gk830308
• gk504304
• gk599874
• gk769172
• gk617336
• gk395535
• gk470855
• gk861682
• gk488212

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: IV
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17493829

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000910
• Start: 10250627
• End: 10255852
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

130 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Neuronally enriched transcripts according to a comparison of neuronal nuclei IP samples to total nuclei using isolation of nuclei from tagged specific cell types (INTACT) technology.	DESEQ2, fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00062103:neuron_enriched
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to RNAseq analysis towards total RNA.	Gene expression quantification and differential expression was analyzed using cufflinks v2.2.1. Enriched contains only genes significantly enriched (differentially expressed >= 2.4 fold in total RNA or >= 3.2 fold in DSN treated total RNA) in the NSM neurons versus the reference.	WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_RNAseq
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2).	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in nhr-114(gk849) comparing to wild type animals at L4 larva.	DESeq2 1.26.0, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00064539:nhr-114(gk849)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in xrep-4(lax137).	DESeq2. Genes were selected if their p value < 0.01.	WBPaper00066062:xrep-4(lax137)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2.	Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the quasi-likeli-hood framework in edgeR package v. 3.20.1 in R v. 3.4.1.	WBPaper00053810:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in nuo-6(qm200) comparing to in N2.	Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the quasi-likeli-hood framework in edgeR package v. 3.20.1 in R v. 3.4.1.	WBPaper00053810:nuo-6(qm200)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in mep-1(ne4629[MEP-1-GFP-Degron]) in gonads dissected from 1-day old adult animals.	Salmon was used to map the mRNA-seq reads with the worm database WS268, and its output files were imported to DESeq2 in R. The differentially expressed genes were filtered by fold change more than 2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. The scatter plots were generated by the plot function in R.	WBPaper00061479:mep-1(ne4629)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in eat-2(ad1116) comparing to in N2 at 3-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite animals.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:eat-2(ad1116)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Allantoin_downregulated
	Genes that were not enriched in either spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) nor oogenic fog-2(q71) gonads, according to RNAseq analysis.	To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq.	WBPaper00045521:Gender_Neutral
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals lacking P granules by RNAi experiments targeting pgl-1, pgl-3, glh-1 and glh-4, and unc-119-GFP(+), comparing to in control animals, at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(+)_vs_control_day2-adult
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals lacking P granules by RNAi experiments targeting pgl-1, pgl-3, glh-1 and glh-4, and unc-119-GFP(-), comparing to in control animals, at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(-)_vs_control_day2-adult
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in pgl-1(ct131) animals (isolated from SS0002[pgl-1(ct131)him-3(e1147)], comparing to in control animals SS1174, at 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_pgl-1(ct131)_vs_control_day1-adult
Heat shock: 35C for 1 hour.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression 4 hours after 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals were exposed to 35C for 1 hour.	The DESeq2 (GalaxyVersion 2.11.40.6 + galaxy1) was used to determine differentiallyexpressed features from count tables of differential transcript abundances. log2FC > 1, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065749:Heat-Shock-With-Recovery_upregulated_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to nitroguanidine (NQ).	Multivariate permutation tests with random variance model implemented in BRB-Array Tools version 4.5 were performed to infer differentially expressed genes (DEGs). One thousand random permutations were computed per chemical class (i.e., a group of 16 arrays or samples). The confidence level of false discovery rate assessment was set at 80%, and the maximum allowed portion of false-positive genes was 10%.	WBPaper00055899:nitroguanidine_regulated
	Genes expressed in N2.	Expressed transcripts were identified on the basis of a Present call in 3 out of 4 N2 experiments as determined by Affymetrix MAS 5.0.	WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes
	Genes upregulated in dcr-1(-/-) adult animals by at least 1.5 fold and P < 0.01, as determined by a multisample t-test and the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate correction.	Statistical t-test: P < 0.05 for rde-4(-/-) and rde-1(-/-) analyses; P < 0.01 for dcr-1(-/-) analysis with a threshold of 1.5-fold misregulation.	WBPaper00029437:dcr-1_upregulated

6 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030571
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr967
• Remark: An independently isolated integrant (saIs11) carrying a construct without the NLS expressed GFP in the intestine and small cells in the head and tail regions. The authors noted that these small cells could not be identified reliably.
• Pattern: GFP fluorescence was observed from the embryo to the adult in a complex and dynamic pattern. Cells that consistently expressed DAF-14::GFP included intestinal cells, lateral hypodermal cells, the anal sphincter muscle, phasmid sheath cells, neurons in the lateral ganglia, the excretory duct cell, and several small cells anterior of the nerve ring that were not identified. In the lateral ganglia, expression was prominent in only a subset of neurons. In particular, strongest expression was often seen in an unidentified interneuron pair in the vicinity of AVJ and RIV.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2010763
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1147748
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1022498
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2029000
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

27 GO Annotation

13 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000910
• Start: 10250627
• End: 10255852
• Strand: 1

27 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 5226

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

10 Strains

• WBStrain00022842
• WBStrain00022477
• WBStrain00030740
• WBStrain00030759
• WBStrain00033294
• WBStrain00006222
• WBStrain00006223
• WBStrain00006177
• WBStrain00006237
• WBStrain00006267

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrIV_10249786..10250626
• Length (nt): 841
• Chromosome Location: IV: 10249786-10250626
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans