WormMine: Gene WBGene00003246

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00003246
• Gene Name: mig-14
• Sequence Name: R06B9.6
• Brief Description: mig-14 encodes a novel, seven-transmembrane domain protein orthologous to Drosophila and human Wntless; mig-14 functions in many Wnt-related processes including endoderm induction and spindle orientation in the early embryo and later in vulval precursor cell fate specification; in the early embryo, mig-14 activity is required within Wnt-signaling cells, consistent with its proposed role in regulation of Wnt secretion; mig-14 also affects the migration of several different cell types during development including the Q neuroblasts along the anterior/posterior axis of the body, the distal tip cells in the gonad, the HSN, and the male linker cell; mig-14 is required for the expression of mab-5 which along with lin-39 regulates migration of cells in the Q lineages; mig-14 also acts independently of mab-5 to affect the final positioning of the Q descendants.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable Wnt-protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including Wnt signaling pathway; embryonic morphogenesis; and left/right axis specification. Located in basolateral plasma membrane and cytoplasmic vesicle. Expressed in several structures, including CAN; anal region; intestinal muscle; tail hypodermis; and ventral nerve cord. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Zaki syndrome. Is an ortholog of human WLS (Wnt ligand secretion mediator).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: II :20.2541 ±0.053576
• Length (nt): 8246

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00003246

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:R06B9.6.1	R06B9.6.1	1840	II: 13741738-13749983

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:R06B9.6	R06B9.6	1650	II: 13741752-13741860

4 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00065890
• WBRNAi00099143
• WBRNAi00101489
• WBRNAi00099142

434 Allele

• gk963801
• gk963053
• gk962684
• gk962971
• gk962970
• gk650293
• gk676245
• gk488609
• gk794077
• gk817992
• gk877992
• gk332502
• gk550137
• gk768532
• gk917438
• gk345015
• gk711097
• gk916329
• gk601900
• gk503734
• gk680234
• gk388069
• gk687079
• gk349339
• gk625182
• gk690333
• gk421658
• gk364794
• gk346702
• gk750463

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: II
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15279421

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003246
• Start: 13741738
• End: 13749983
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_13749984..13752315
• Length (nt): 2332
• Chromosome Location: II: 13749984-13752315
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

132 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study.	In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide.	WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
Bacteria diet: Escherichia coli HB101. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria E. coli HB101 for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:HB101_downregulated
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2.	To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs.	WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_N2-background
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:excretory-cell_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
Bacteria: B.thuringiensis	Transcripts in N2 animals that were significantly differentially expressed at least for one time point and one pathogenic strain Bt247 and Bt679 compared to the non pathogenic strain Bt407.	Cuffdiff	WBPaper00060358:B.thuringiensis_pathogen_regulated_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in the neurons of bcat-1(RNAi) animals at 5-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to animals injected with empty vector.	DESeq2. FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00060459:bcat-1(RNAi)_downregulated
	Proteins identified in extracellular vesicle.	N.A.	WBPaper00062669:extracellular-vesicle_protein
	Genes regulated by DAF-12, according to whole transcriptome profiling to compare genome-wide regulatory influences of DPY-21 and SET-4 to those of the key transcription factors controlling dauer arrest in eak-7;akt-1 animals, DAF-16 and DAF-12.	Authors identified genes differentially expressed between wild-type and eak-7;akt-1 double mutant animals [fold change >= 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Authors then compared the transcriptomes of eak-7;akt-1 double mutants to those of eak-7;akt-1 animals harboring mutations in dpy-21, set-4, daf-16, or daf-12, and identified genes that are differentially expressed in the opposite direction as in wild-type relative to eak-7;akt-1. Annotated gene expression data output from CuffDiff v2.2.1 was read into R version 3.2.1 for six comparisons: eak-7;akt-1 compared to (1) wild-type, (2) daf-16(mu86);eak-7;akt-1, (3) daf-12;eak-7;akt-1, (4) set-4(n4600);eak-7;akt-1, (5) set-4(dp268);eak-7;akt-1, and (6) dpy-21;eak-7;akt-1. Authors filtered genes by the following criteria: (1) status = OK for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1, (2) fold change (FC) >= 1.5 or FC <= 1/1.5 for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1 and (3) FDR < 0.05 for at least two separate comparisons.	WBPaper00050801:DAF-12_dauer_regulome
	Genes regulated by DAF-16, according to whole transcriptome profiling to compare genome-wide regulatory influences of DPY-21 and SET-4 to those of the key transcription factors controlling dauer arrest in eak-7;akt-1 animals, DAF-16 and DAF-12.	Authors identified genes differentially expressed between wild-type and eak-7;akt-1 double mutant animals [fold change >= 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Authors then compared the transcriptomes of eak-7;akt-1 double mutants to those of eak-7;akt-1 animals harboring mutations in dpy-21, set-4, daf-16, or daf-12, and identified genes that are differentially expressed in the opposite direction as in wild-type relative to eak-7;akt-1. Annotated gene expression data output from CuffDiff v2.2.1 was read into R version 3.2.1 for six comparisons: eak-7;akt-1 compared to (1) wild-type, (2) daf-16(mu86);eak-7;akt-1, (3) daf-12;eak-7;akt-1, (4) set-4(n4600);eak-7;akt-1, (5) set-4(dp268);eak-7;akt-1, and (6) dpy-21;eak-7;akt-1. Authors filtered genes by the following criteria: (1) status = OK for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1, (2) fold change (FC) >= 1.5 or FC <= 1/1.5 for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1 and (3) FDR < 0.05 for at least two separate comparisons.	WBPaper00050801:DAF-16_dauer_regulome
	Genes regulated by DPY-21, according to whole transcriptome profiling to compare genome-wide regulatory influences of DPY-21 and SET-4 to those of the key transcription factors controlling dauer arrest in eak-7;akt-1 animals, DAF-16 and DAF-12.	Authors identified genes differentially expressed between wild-type and eak-7;akt-1 double mutant animals [fold change >= 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Authors then compared the transcriptomes of eak-7;akt-1 double mutants to those of eak-7;akt-1 animals harboring mutations in dpy-21, set-4, daf-16, or daf-12, and identified genes that are differentially expressed in the opposite direction as in wild-type relative to eak-7;akt-1. Annotated gene expression data output from CuffDiff v2.2.1 was read into R version 3.2.1 for six comparisons: eak-7;akt-1 compared to (1) wild-type, (2) daf-16(mu86);eak-7;akt-1, (3) daf-12;eak-7;akt-1, (4) set-4(n4600);eak-7;akt-1, (5) set-4(dp268);eak-7;akt-1, and (6) dpy-21;eak-7;akt-1. Authors filtered genes by the following criteria: (1) status = OK for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1, (2) fold change (FC) >= 1.5 or FC <= 1/1.5 for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1 and (3) FDR < 0.05 for at least two separate comparisons.	WBPaper00050801:DPY-21_dauer_regulome
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhl-2(ok818) comparing to in N2 at 25C.	EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change < 0.5.	WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed decreased expression in hlh-11(ko1) knockout strain comparing to in wild type background.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00060683:hlh-11(ko1)_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hpx-2(dg047) after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_hpx-2(dg047)
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:coelomocytes_L1-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L1-larva_expressed
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly increased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_enriched_coding-RNA
	Genes expressed in N2.	Expressed transcripts were identified on the basis of a Present call in 3 out of 4 N2 experiments as determined by Affymetrix MAS 5.0.	WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_downregulated

12 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031540
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr11887
• Pattern: At the comma stage, during larval development, and in adult animals, mig-14 is mainly expressed in the posterior part of the animal. The expression of mig-14 overlaps with the known expression patterns of C. elegans Wnt genes. Thus, mig-14 is expressed in the tail hypodermis, which expresses the Wnt gene lin-44 (Herman and Horvitz, 1994); in cells in the anal region that express egl-20/Wnt (Whangbo and Kenyon, 1999); and in posterior body wall muscle cells that express cwn-1/Wnt (Gleason et al., 2006; Pan et al., 2006). In addition, mig-14 is strongly expressed in the stomatointestinal muscle, the mesoblast cell M and its descendants, the CAN neurons, the developing vulva, the pharynx, and the pharyngeal intestinal valve. mig-14 is also weakly expressed in a small subset of head neurons, the ventral nerve cord, and the seam cells, but is undetectable in the main body hypodermis and the intestine.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9989
• Subcellular Localization: Pegl- 20::mig-14::gfp expression was first observed in the 1.5-fold embryo, and it continued through all larval and adult stages, consistent with previous reports on the temporal profile of egl-20 promoter activity. Epifluorescence and confocal imaging of MIG-14::GFP in living animals showed that MIG-14::GFP localized to the cell periphery and intracellular compartments. We often observed MIG-14::GFP to be in large vesicular structures closely associated with the cell membrane.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2013562
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1155066
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr12361
• Subcellular Localization: In wild-type animals, MIG-14::GFP is located on the basolateral membrane and also on dispersed punctate structures in the cytoplasm. Expression in intestinal cells driven by the vha-6 promoter.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2031795
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr14668
• Subcellular Localization: Retrograde cargo MIG-14-GFP expressed in coelomocytes labeled the plasma membrane, endosomes, and Golgi. We noted that MIG-14-GFP was typically unevenly distributed around the periphery of large ring-like endosomes, suggesting enrichment in endosomal subdomains. Although coelomocytes have large round endosomes, their Golgi appear as dispersed punctate structures (i.e., ministacks), as is typical of invertebrate cells. MIG-14 is likely enriched in a different subregion of the Golgi than mannosidase AMAN-2, as it usually appeared adjacent rather than directly overlapping the AMAN-2 punctae.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14703
• Subcellular Localization: In the wild-type intestine, MIG-14::GFP was observed on basolateral plasma membranes and in small punctate early endosomes and Golgi ministacks.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11888
• Subcellular Localization: MIG-14 localizes to the cell periphery as well as to distinct intracellular punctae. MIG-14 was visible throughout the cell and at the plasma membrane.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1027977
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr13741
• Subcellular Localization: Functional MIG-14::mCherry fusion protein expressed from the PVD-specific ser-2.3 promoter showed punctate signals in both the PVD soma and the dendrites. In the soma, MIG-14 was localized at the cell membrane and in intracellular compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi, and the early and recycling endosomes, but not mitochondria or lysosomes. In the tertiary dendrites, two forms of MIG-14 signals were observed: punctate signals that largely colocalized with the early endosome marker RAB-5 and diffuse signals that highlighted the dendrite shapes.

40 GO Annotation

4 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003246
• Start: 13741738
• End: 13749983
• Strand: 1

40 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 8246

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

3 Strains

• WBStrain00007272
• WBStrain00004822
• WBStrain00007433

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_13736934..13741737
• Length (nt): 4804
• Chromosome Location: II: 13736934-13741737
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans