WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00003921 Gene Name  par-6
Sequence Name  ? T26E3.3 Brief Description  par-6 encodes a PDZ-domain-containing protein that is conserved in Drosophila and mammals; during development, maternally provided PAR-6 is required for establishing anterior-posterior polarity in the early C. elegans embryo; par-6 activity is also essential for determining proper apicobasal asymmetries associated with cell adhesion and gastrulation; PAR-6 localizes to the periphery of the newly fertilized embryo, and then becomes more prominent in the anterior periphery as well as the advancing cleavage furrow during the first mitosis; in germline precursors, PAR-6 localizes asymmetrically to sites that correspond to the future EMS and C blastomeres; in somatic cells, by the end of the four-cell stage, PAR-6 is seen as a 'cap' centered on the apical surface; in embryos, PAR-6 colocalizes with PAR-3 and is mutually dependent upon PAR-3 and PKC-3 for proper localization, suggesting that these proteins may act in a complex to establish embryonic polarity; PAR-6 localization is also dependent upon wild-type activity of par-4.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables protein kinase C binding activity and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including establishment of mitotic spindle localization; gonad development; and polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis. Located in P granule and cell cortex. Is extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane. Expressed in several structures, including ABa; EMS; Psub2; Psub3; and excretory cell. Is an ortholog of human PARD6B (par-6 family cell polarity regulator beta).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  I :13.9003 ±0.009449
Length (nt)  ? 5070
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00003921

Genomics

3 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:T26E3.3a.1 T26E3.3a.1 1410   I: 12669380-12674447
Transcript:T26E3.3a.2 T26E3.3a.2 1336   I: 12669624-12674449
Transcript:T26E3.3b.1 T26E3.3b.1 570   I: 12671448-12674045
 

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:T26E3.3a T26E3.3a 930   I: 12669626-12669759
CDS:T26E3.3b T26E3.3b 570   I: 12671448-12671507

85 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00091310
WBRNAi00106581
WBRNAi00106594
WBRNAi00066931
WBRNAi00067029
WBRNAi00067082
WBRNAi00067148
WBRNAi00067216
WBRNAi00067341
WBRNAi00067625
WBRNAi00067705
WBRNAi00091301
WBRNAi00063496
WBRNAi00081767
WBRNAi00077104
WBRNAi00087583
WBRNAi00074801
WBRNAi00074800
WBRNAi00074803
WBRNAi00027868
WBRNAi00074802
WBRNAi00087588
WBRNAi00074805
WBRNAi00074804
WBRNAi00077268
WBRNAi00074807
WBRNAi00074806
WBRNAi00080727
WBRNAi00071917
WBRNAi00071919

118 Allele

Public Name
gk963849
gk964175
gk963095
h6345
gk806323
WBVar01433949
WBVar01433950
WBVar01433951
WBVar01714419
WBVar01714418
WBVar01714417
WBVar01714427
WBVar01714426
WBVar01714425
WBVar01714424
WBVar01714423
WBVar01714422
WBVar01714421
WBVar01714420
WBVar01392475
WBVar01288278
WBVar01392476
WBVar01288277
WBVar01288283
WBVar02016779
djd3
WBVar02016777
WBVar02016778
WBVar02016775
WBVar02016776

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
I Caenorhabditis elegans 15072434  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003921 12669380 12674449 1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrI_12674450..12674491   42 I: 12674450-12674491 Caenorhabditis elegans

82 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis. Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05. WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
Osmotic stress Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
Transgeneration hypoxia treatment. Transcripts that are significantly upregulated in F1 animals after P0 parents were exposed to 0.1% oxygen for 16 hours at L4 larva stage. For calling the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs),the false discovery rate (FDR) after multiple testing correction was set as 0.05 and analyzed in edgeR. WBPaper00064871:hypoxia_upregulated_F1
  Genes with increased RNA expression after 24 hours rotenone treatment EdgeR provides statistical routines for determining differential expression in digital gene expression data using a model based on the negative binomial distribution. The resulting p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochbergs approach for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). Transcripts with an adjusted p-value smaller 0.05 were assigned as differentially expressed. WBPaper00044426:rotenone_24h_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:excretory-cell_L2-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:intestine_L2-larva_expressed
  Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals. All three experiments have CPM >= 1. WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
  Proteins identified in extracellular vesicle. N.A. WBPaper00062669:extracellular-vesicle_protein
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhl-2(ok818) comparing to in N2 at 25C. EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change < 0.5. WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed decreased expression in hlh-11(ko1) knockout strain comparing to in wild type background. DESeq2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00060683:hlh-11(ko1)_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hpx-2(dg047) after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50. Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_hpx-2(dg047)
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:coelomocytes_L1-larva_expressed
  Genes found to be regulated by low-copy overexpression of sir-2.1 with p < 0.014. N.A. WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo stage. DESeq2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00058691:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Embryonic class (E): genes that significantly increase in abundance at some point during embryogenesis. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_E
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (Young adult all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:CEP-sheath-cells_Day1-adult_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:intestine_L1-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:pharyngeal-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
  Transcripts enriched in germline by comparing dissected germline tissue with dissected intestine tissue, both injected with empty RNAi vector. Genes were determined germline-enriched if the lowest expression value (log2(FPKM+1)) observed in the germline empty vector samples was at least 2-fold higher than the highest expression value observed in the intestine empty vector samples. WBPaper00051039:germline_enriched
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals infected by bacteria BMB171/Cry5Ba, an acrystalliferous Bt mutant BMB171 transformed with toxin gene cry5Ba on the shuttle vector pHT304, comparing to N2 animals infected by BMB171/pHT304. N.A. WBPaper00064229:B.thuringiensis-Cry5Ba_downregulated

13 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr4595 Authors noted a previously undescribed PAR-6 immunostaining at the apical surfaces of epidermal cells; staining was most intense when epidermal cells first formed and diminished as embryos aged. At apical surfaces.
    Expr4596 PAR-6GFP was expressed in epidermal, pharyngeal, intestinal, and excretory epithelial cells, colocalized with PAR-6(immunostaining) at apical surfaces, and was present even when the transgene was introduced at fertilization. In summary, PAR-6 localizes to the apical cortex of most or all embryonic epithelial cells and at least some PAR-6 in epithelial cells arises from zygotic par-6 expression. At apical surfaces.
    Expr1031854 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
    Expr11917 Fluorescently tagged PAR-6 was present along the length of the canal lumen. The excretory cell expression of endogenous PAR-6 was confirmed by immunostaining.  
No detailed description for cellular expression pattern at later developmental stages.   Expr1294 Expression scored from zygote til 50 cell embryo Antibody staining is detectable throughout the cytoplasm and at the periphery of blastomeres up to about the 50-cell stage. The peripheral staining is asymmetric in the cells of the germline lineage P0, P1, P2 and P3. Asymmetric peripheral localization of PAR-6 develops as the newly fertilized egg, P0, progresses through the cell cycle. Localized antibody staining is not detectable in unfertilized mature oocytes, nor in newly fertilized eggs undergoing the first meiotic division. Patchy PAR-6 staining was first detected at the periphery of the embryo after completion of meiosis I, as determined by the presence of a single polar body. 70% of embryos in meiosis II exhibit patchy PAR-6 staining all around the periphery with no obvious asymmetry (n=20). When the female pronucleus completes metaphase II as indicated by the presence of a second polar body, peripheral PAR-6 is restricted to the anterior 85% of embryo length. In embryos between prophase and telophase of the first mitosis, the peripheral PAR-6 is restricted to the anterior 55% EL of the embryos (n=24). During the first cleavage PAR-6 staining is detectable in the advancing furrow. Asymmetry of PAR-6 is also observed in P1 and P2, the germline cells in 2-cell and 4-cell embryos, respectively. Just after the first cleavage, strong peripheral staining is present where P1 apposes AB. The strength of this signal suggests that protein is present along this boundary in both cells. As the P1 cell progressed into prophase, PAR-6 distribution extends posteriorly, covering the anterior 30% of 13 of 16 P1 cells scored. Starting in late metaphase and through anaphase, the distribution of PAR-6 in P1 becomes skewed to the ventrolateral periphery, the part of the cell fated to give rise to EMS. PAR-6 is distributed uniformly at the AB periphery throughout the 2-cell stage. In the 4-cell stage, PAR-6 peripheral staining is strong in ABa, ABp and EMS, but PAR-6 can be detected only faintly around the periphery of P2 until metaphase of P2 at the 7-cell stage. At this time PAR-6 is asymmetrically localized to the dorsal side of P2, the part of the cell fated to give rise to C. The protein is distributed asymmetrically in P3 as well. Peripheral PAR-6 could be detected till about the 50-cell stage.
Previous data: analysis of the PAR proteins has focused primarily on their anterior-posterior localization at the 1-cell stage and their roles in subsequent anterior-posterior polarity. After cell division begins, however, this anterior-posterior asymmetry is reiterated only in the lineage of cells that form the germline. In contrast, some somatic (non-germline) cells show an apical-basal polarity in PAR localization.   Expr1822 The apical-basal polarity of the PAR proteins persists through early gastrulation, cells in the interior of the embryo accumulate PAR-6 on their blastocoel-facing surfaces; these and later changes in PAR distribution were not analyzed further. By the middle of the 4-cell stage, the anterior PAR protein PAR-6 is present over the entire cortex of each somatic blastomere. However by the end of the 4-cell stage and at later stages PAR-6 is concentrated in a broad `cap' centered on the apical surface.
    Expr10542   At the onset of cytokinesis, as the furrow has formed, cortical anterior PAR-6-mCherry fluorescence intensity decreases while it increases at the cleavage furrow. The anterior levels of PAR-6- mCherry then steadily decrease at beginning of furrow closure. In the posterior cortex of the single-cell embryo, PAR- 2-GFP fluorescence intensity decreases at furrow initiation to furrow closure, yet increases in intensity at the cleavage furrow. The posterior cortex fluorescence of PAR-2- GFP continues to decrease after furrow closure. After 4-min postclosure, posterior PAR-2-GFP fluorescence starts to increase until 16-min postclosure resulting in an 18% increase in cortical fluorescence intensity. The increase in the cortical posterior fluorescence correlates with the clearance of PAR-2-GFP at the cleavage furrow. In wild-type embryos, PAR-6-mCherry and PAR-2-GFP localize to the anterior and posterior poles prior to cleavage furrow initiation. As the furrow starts to ingress (2.7 min), both anterior and posterior PAR proteins appear along the furrow membrane, but only PAR-6-mCherry is found at the leading edge of the furrow membrane. As the furrow continues to ingress (4.7 min), this localization pattern is maintained. At 12.5 min after the initiation of furrow ingression, the flanking membrane along the furrow is predominately labeled with PAR-6- mCherry. The midbody region is the only place where PAR-2-GFP co-localizes with PAR-6-mCherry. As the embryo continues to divide to become a four-celled embryo, the localization of the anterior and posterior PAR proteins segregate to the membrane boundaries on opposite sides of the embryo. Here, PAR-6 is found predominantly along the membrane boundaries between the ABa, Abp, and EMS blastomeres. Anterior and posterior PAR protein localization at the furrow is observed until 8-min postcleavage furrow closure. Between 8- and 16-min postcleavage furrow closure, PAR-2-GFP localization becomes restricted to the membrane region in vicinity of the midbody (8-16-min postclosure). PAR-6-mCherry localizes along the entire furrow membrane during cytokinesis, whereas, PAR-2 is temporally and spatially restricted along the furrow.
    Expr2462 Before pronuclear formation, GFP:PAR-2 and GFP:PAR-6 were distributed uniformly throughout the embryo. Both GFP:PAR-2 and GFP:PAR-6 could be detected readily in the cytoplasm, and were also visibly enriched at the cortex. The first asymmetry was seen after the appearance of pronuclei when ruffling ceased abruptly near the paternal pronucleus. At that time, GFP:PAR-2 began to increase and GFP:PAR-6 began to decrease on the cortex in the smooth region. For the next 10 minutes, as the smooth region expanded towards the anterior, the GFP:PAR-2 domain expanded along with it, whereas GFP:PAR-6 receded, becoming more prominent in the area where ruffling is maintained. By pseudocleavage, the fusions reached their final configurations on the cortex, with GFP:PAR-2 enriched in the posterior and GFP:PAR-6 enriched in the anterior. GFP:PAR-2 was also detected on centrosomes during pronuclear rotation and GFP:PAR-6 was detected in both pronuclei just before pronuclear fusion. The latter localizations have not been reported previously for the endogenous proteins.
    Expr1017981 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr2032965 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr2014731 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1157744 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr3435   Just prior to the onset of cortical flows, PAR-6::GFP was enriched throughout the cortex in a diffuse layer that contained distinct punctate structures. As the sperm MTOC appeared, cortical PAR-6::GFP puncta began to move away from the sperm MTOC and toward the anterior pole. Very few puncta appeared or disappeared during cortical flow, and it was possible to track most puncta continuously for the entire flow interval. By pseudocleavage, nearly all cortical PAR-6::GFP had moved into an anterior cap whose posterior margin coincided with the pseudocleavage furrow.

34 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in

17 Homologues

Type
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003921 12669380 12674449 1

34 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
5070

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

9 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00022496
WBStrain00022498
WBStrain00023575
WBStrain00023584
WBStrain00024330
WBStrain00024218
WBStrain00024221
WBStrain00007528
WBStrain00000256

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrI_12668894..12669379   486 I: 12668894-12669379 Caenorhabditis elegans