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GO:0005737
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cytoplasm
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The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
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GO:0005575
|
cellular_component
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A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). |
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GO:0005622
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intracellular anatomical structure
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A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
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GO:0110165
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cellular anatomical structure
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A part of a cellular organism consisting of a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Note that cellular organisms exclude viruses. |
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GO:0043226
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organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043229
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intracellular organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043228
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membraneless organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. |
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GO:0043232
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intracellular membraneless organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. |
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GO:0005856
|
cytoskeleton
|
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
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GO:0005818
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aster
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An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores. |
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GO:0000235
|
astral microtubule
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Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. |
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GO:0005876
|
spindle microtubule
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Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole. |
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GO:0005881
|
cytoplasmic microtubule
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Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. |
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GO:0099080
|
supramolecular complex
|
A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. |
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GO:0005874
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microtubule
|
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. |
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GO:0099512
|
supramolecular fiber
|
A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure. |
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GO:0099513
|
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber
|
A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits. |
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GO:0015630
|
microtubule cytoskeleton
|
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. |
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GO:0005819
|
spindle
|
The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. |
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GO:0099081
|
supramolecular polymer
|
A polymeric supramolecular structure. |
