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GO:0009987
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cellular process
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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
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GO:0008150
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biological_process
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A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. |
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GO:0071840
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cellular component organization or biogenesis
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A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. |
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GO:0016043
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cellular component organization
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A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. |
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GO:0044238
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primary metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. |
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GO:0008152
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metabolic process
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A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism transforms chemical substances. This includes including anabolism (biosynthetic process) and catabolism (catabolic process). Metabolic processes includes the transformation of small molecules, as well macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, protein synthesis and degradation. |
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GO:0043170
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macromolecule metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. |
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GO:0005737
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cytoplasm
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The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
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GO:0005575
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cellular_component
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A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). |
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GO:0005622
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intracellular anatomical structure
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A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
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GO:0110165
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cellular anatomical structure
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A part of a cellular organism consisting of a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Note that cellular organisms exclude viruses. |
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GO:0009058
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biosynthetic process
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A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism synthesizes chemical substances. This typically represents the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. |
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GO:0022618
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protein-RNA complex assembly
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The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. |
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GO:0022607
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cellular component assembly
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The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. |
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GO:0043933
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protein-containing complex organization
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Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. |
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GO:0071826
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protein-RNA complex organization
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Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex. |
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GO:0065003
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protein-containing complex assembly
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The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. |
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GO:0019538
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protein metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. |
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GO:0009059
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macromolecule biosynthetic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. |
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GO:0043227
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membrane-bounded organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043226
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organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043229
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intracellular organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043231
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intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0010467
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gene expression
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The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. |
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GO:0005739
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mitochondrion
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A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
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GO:0032984
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protein-containing complex disassembly
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The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. |
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GO:0022411
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cellular component disassembly
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A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. |
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GO:0140053
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mitochondrial gene expression
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The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
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GO:0006412
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translation
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The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. |
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GO:0006414
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translational elongation
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The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. |
