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GO:0008150
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biological_process
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A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. |
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GO:0005737
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cytoplasm
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The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
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GO:0005575
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cellular_component
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A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). |
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GO:0005622
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intracellular anatomical structure
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A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
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GO:0110165
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cellular anatomical structure
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A part of a cellular organism consisting of a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Note that cellular organisms exclude viruses. |
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GO:0043227
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membrane-bounded organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043226
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organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043229
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intracellular organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0043231
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intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
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Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0012505
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endomembrane system
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A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. |
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GO:0005783
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endoplasmic reticulum
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The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). |
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GO:0055082
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intracellular chemical homeostasis
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A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell. |
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GO:0048878
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chemical homeostasis
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Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. |
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GO:0019725
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cellular homeostasis
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Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. |
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GO:0042592
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homeostatic process
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Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. |
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GO:0005790
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER. |
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GO:0006873
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intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis
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A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. |
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GO:0050801
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monoatomic ion homeostasis
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Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. |
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GO:0030003
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intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis
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A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom. |
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GO:0006874
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intracellular calcium ion homeostasis
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A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of calcium ions within a cell. |
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GO:0055074
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calcium ion homeostasis
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Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. |
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GO:0055080
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monoatomic cation homeostasis
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Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom. |
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GO:0098771
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inorganic ion homeostasis
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Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. |
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GO:0032469
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endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
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Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
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GO:0032471
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negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
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Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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GO:0051563
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
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Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
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GO:0051565
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negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
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Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. |
