WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0005821

• Definition: muscle associated with hermaphrodite vulva.
• Name: vulval muscle
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0005821

2 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Set one type of vulval muscle.	vm1	vulval muscle, type 1	WBbt:0006917
Set two type of vulval muscle.	vm2	vulval muscle, type 2	WBbt:0006918

13 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult), ventral nerve cord (larva), ventral nerve cord (adult), dorsal nerve cord (adult), body neurons (adult), body neurons (larva), tail neurons (larva), nerve ring (larva), dorsal nerve cord (larva), nerve ring (adult), body wall muscle (larva), lateral nerve cords/commissures (larva).		WBPaper00029359_1197
	Enriched in ventral nerve cord (larva), vulval muscle (adult), ventral nerve cord (adult), body neurons (adult), body neurons (larva), dorsal nerve cord (adult), tail neurons (larva), dorsal nerve cord (larva), nerve ring (adult), nerve ring (larva), tail neurons (adult), body wall muscle (larva).		WBPaper00029359_1291
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult), ventral nerve cord (larva), ventral nerve cord (adult), dorsal nerve cord (adult), body neurons (adult), body neurons (larva), tail neurons (larva), nerve ring (larva), nerve ring (adult), dorsal nerve cord (larva), body wall muscle (larva), lateral nerve cords/commissures (larva), tail neurons (adult).		WBPaper00029359_1546
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult), body wall muscle (adult).		WBPaper00029359_1183
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult), pharynx), pharynx), body wall muscle (larva).		WBPaper00029359_1225
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 143_0 expressed in muscle.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:143_0
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult).		WBPaper00029359_1494
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult).		WBPaper00029359_1357
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult).		WBPaper00029359_1311
	Enriched in body wall muscle (larva), vulval muscle (adult).		WBPaper00029359_1618
	Enriched in body wall muscle (adult), vulval muscle (adult), anal depressor muscle (larva).		WBPaper00029359_1636
	Enriched in vulval muscle (adult).		WBPaper00029359_1435
	Enriched in developing spermatheca (larva), spermatheca (adult), vulval muscle (adult), developing vulva (larva).		WBPaper00029359_1652

907 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4885
• Remark: Picture: FIG. 1D-G.
• Pattern: Expressed in a relatively broad range of tissues. Robustly expressed in vulval muscles, and modestly expressed in body wall muscles and in the pharynx. Expression of was also observed in the intestine and expression of asd-1 was observed in the nervous system. Widely expressed in the early embryos before morphogenesis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4886
• Remark: Picture: FIG. 1D-G.
• Pattern: Expressed in a relatively broad range of tissues. Robustly expressed in vulval muscles, and modestly expressed in body wall muscles and in the pharynx. Expression of was also observed in the intestine. Widely expressed in the early embryos before morphogenesis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4841
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: expressed in embryo; not expressed in larva. Neuronal expression include: All ventral cord motor neurons, head and tail neurons, PLN. Also expressed in other cells: Pharyngeal muscle, vulval muscle, anal depressor, hypodermis. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (1.8); not expressed in larva.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4840
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: expressed in embryo; not expressed in larva. Neuronal expression include: All ventral cord motor neurons, head and tail neurons, touch neurons. Also expressed in other cells: Intestine, vulval muscle, pharyngeal muscle, anal depressor, body muscle. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (1.8); not expressed in larva.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4820
• Remark: Picture: Figure S1.
• Pattern: Expressed in head neurons, ventral-cord motor neurons, body-wall muscle, vulval muscle, stomatointestinal muscle, anal-depressor muscle, tail neurons, etc.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4819
• Remark: Picture: Figure S1.
• Pattern: Expressed in head neurons, ventral-cord motor neurons, body-wall muscle, vulval muscle, stomatointestinal muscle, anal-depressor muscle, tail neurons, etc.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4809
• Remark: Picture: Figure 8. Staining was greatly reduced in unc-87(e843).
• Pattern: The antibody react with body wall muscle, pharyngeal muscle, anal depressor and sphincter muscle, intestinal muscles, vulval muscles and uterine muscles. In all cases, UNC-87 was contained withing the pattern observed with phalloidin or anti-actin antibodies, suggesting colocalization with thin filaments..
• Subcellular Localization: Immunohistochemical staining of wild type adult body wall muscle revealed a atriated pattern. The striations are interupted periodically along their length by unstained regions. Double labelling experiments showed that anti-UNC-87 staining pattern corresponded with that of the monoclonal antibody MH44. This pattern represent the I band. At the center of the I band are the dense bodies, these correspond to the unstained regions within the striations.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4697
• Pattern: Expressed in body wall and vulva muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4684
• Pattern: GFP expression was detected at most developmental stages, with the spatial expression depending on the developmental stage of the animal. Neuronal expression of hlh-29 was detected in larvae and adults in both amphid and phasmid sockets, in the ALA and PVT neurons, in the chemosensory and mechanosensory neurons, ASI, ASK, PHA, and PQR, and in neurons of the anterior pharyngeal bulb. Weaker expression was also detected in the ASG chemosensory neurons in some transgenic lines. L1 animals show strong expression of hlh-29 in intestinal cells, and weaker expression in the rectal glands and the pharyngeal muscle cell PM1. By L3 stage, intestinal expression of the hlh-29::GFP is limited to the posterior intestinal cells, and PM1 expression is no longer detected. Expression is also detected in the ventral posterior coelomocytes in the later L3-stage larvae, and in the spermatheca and vulval muscles of L4 and adult animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4781
• Pattern: Confocal analysis of strains containing the Punc-31::GFP transcriptional reporter revealed expression in the nerve ring, ventral nerve cord motor neurons, preanal ganglion, and head ganglion. Counts of cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord and preanal ganglion revealed an average of 65 +/- 2 (n = 4) GFP-positive cells, indicating that essentially all of the neurons of the ventral nerve cord and preanal ganglion express unc-31. Additional positive identifications were made for SDQ, PDE, BDU, ALM, DVA, DVB, DVC, HSN, and CAN neurons. Because these encompass most of the identifiable neurons in the background of a pan-neuronal expression pattern, authors infer that unc-31 may be expressed in essentially all neurons. All reporter strains also displayed expression in the vulval muscles VM1 and VM2 and occasional expression in what is likely VulE and VulF. Consistent expression was also noted in the UV1 cells and the spermatheca. In summary, CAPS/UNC-31 is expressed throughout the nervous system and in other secretory cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4764
• Pattern: CO3H5.2 gene has a broad expression pattern. This includes expression in the pharynx and pharyngeal gland cells, seam cells, spermatheca, stomatointestinal muscle, vulva and body wall muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4767
• Pattern: Young embryos did not present a GFP signal, but expression was observed in late embryogenesis and at all stages of postnatal development: eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4, and adults. Adult animals showed stronger expression than did larval stages and eggs; this was also proved by RT-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), suggesting potential developmental dynamics in atx-3 function. Both transgenic strains had a generalized expression pattern, with a strong signal in the spermatheca and vulval muscle . High fluorescence was observed in neuronal dorsal and ventral cord and neurons of the head and tail. Expression was also observed in the hypoderm, body muscles, and coelomocytes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4742
• Pattern: The anti-CeTNI-2 antibody strongly stained the body wall muscle, and faintly the pharyngeal muscle, vulval muscles and anal muscles.
• Subcellular Localization: At high magnification the anti-CeTNI-2 antibody stained the thin filaments in the I-band regions that also contain actin.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4740
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: The tni-2 and tni-3 genes were also expressed in the same cells of body wall, vulval and anal muscles, but while tni-2 was uniformly expressed in body wall muscles, the tni-3 gene was strongly expressed in the head, vulval and anal muscles. Expression of tni-2::gfp was observed in the vulval and anal muscles in addition to those muscles detected with tni-2::lacZ. This was the result of the inclusion of a longer 5' upstream region of tni-2 that includes the NdE-box enhancer for vulval expression.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4741
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: The tni-2 and tni-3 genes were also expressed in the same cells of body wall, vulval and anal muscles, but while tni-2 was uniformly expressed in body wall muscles, the tni-3 gene was strongly expressed in the head, vulval and anal muscles. Expression of tni-2::gfp was observed in the vulval and anal muscles in addition to those muscles detected with tni-2::lacZ. This was the result of the inclusion of a longer 5' upstream region of tni-2 that includes the NdE-box enhancer for vulval expression.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4731
• Remark: folt-1 = C06H2.4
• Pattern: Expression was consistently higher in the pharynx and the posterior part of intestine; it was also observed in the body wall muscles, head muscles and vulva muscles of these transgenic animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4734
• Pattern: A transcriptional arg-1::gfp reporter is expressed in the head mesodermal cell, the vulval muscles, and the enteric muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4737
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Expression began at the comma stage and continued from the L1 to adult stages in body wall muscles. The tni-3::lacZ construct was expressed in all the body wall muscles from the L1 to adult stages. In the adult stage, tni-3::lacZ expression in body wall muscles became weaker with time although strong expression persisted in the head and vulval muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4703
• Pattern: Expressed in body wall, pharyngeal and vulva muscle, H cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4704
• Pattern: Expressed in head muscle, pharyngeal muscle, vulva muscle and neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4994
• Remark: Picture: Figure 1B, Figure S3A.
• Pattern: The unc-80 GFP reporter is broadly expressed in the nervous system. The reporter is expressed in both acetylcholine and GABA motor neurons as determined by double-labeling. Although expression is observed in other tissues, no expression was observed in the body muscle. unc-80 is strongly expressed in neurons. Strong expression is observed in the nervous system and in the vulval muscle. Expression was also shown in the anterior excretory canal just posterior of the head, the vulval muscle, distal tip cell of the gonad, and the anal depressor muscle in the tail.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4943
• Pattern: strong 3-fold emb bwm that fades and becomes mosaic in late L's and adults, vul, anal dep, spinchter, mu int; seam cells in one line at least

• Primary Identifier: Expr4944
• Pattern: strong bwm, vulval muscle and anal depressor, strong bwm at 3-fold into L1s, earliest exp is faint bwm in 2-fold seen in line B.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4937
• Pattern: strong bwm, vulval muscle

• Primary Identifier: Expr4938
• Pattern: strong head and tail bwm, vul, head and tail neurons, VNC (subset of neurons?), no embryonic seen

• Primary Identifier: Expr4930
• Pattern: strong bwm, vul, anal, rare ant pharynx, bwm precursors, tail hyp, neurons; early embryonic bwm at least by horseshoe stage

• Primary Identifier: Expr4931
• Pattern: strong bwm, pharyngeal, vulval, and anal depressor; a bit mosaic; starts at 3-fold?

• Primary Identifier: Expr4932
• Pattern: strong anal dep, sphinct, vul,; moderate and sporadic bwm; no embryonic seen; re-checked embryonic 6-15 and saw none.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4933
• Pattern: strong vul, moderate bwm, no phar, no anal, no embryonic seen

• Primary Identifier: Expr4934
• Pattern: strong bwm, pharyngeal, vul, anal, mu int, sphincter muscles; no embryonic seen

0 Life Stages

4 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Any muscle cell that is not pharyngeal.	body muscle cell		WBbt:0007810
An apparatus for laying eggs of the hermaphrodite reproductive system, consists of the uterus, the uterine muscles, the vulva, the vulval muscles, and a local neuropil formed by the egg-laying neurons.	egg-laying apparatus		WBbt:0008587
Muscle cell that has either one or a few well-structured sarcomeres or myofilament networks that are less well organized.	non-striated muscle	non-striated muscle cell	WBbt:0005780
cells or anatomical parts specific to the hermaphrodite sex	hermaphrodite-specific anatomical entity		WBbt:0005758