WormMine: Gene WBGene00000064

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000064
• Gene Name: act-2
• Sequence Name: T04C12.5
• Brief Description: act-2 encodes one of five C. elegans actins; act-2 functions redundantly in early embryonic cortical microfilaments with act-1 and act-3, and dominant mutations in act-2 result in uncoordinated locomotion; an ACT-2::GFP reporter fusion is expressed in the cytoplasm of embryonic cells and is also found in contractile filaments in adult muscle cells.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable ATP binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cortical actin cytoskeleton organization; cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis; and embryo development. Located in actin filament and cell cortex. Expressed in body wall musculature; gonad; hypodermis; and neurons. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1; Baraitser-Winter syndrome 2; and autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 20. Is an ortholog of human ACTB (actin beta).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: V :2.94351 ±0.003498
• Length (nt): 1378

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000064

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:T04C12.5.1	T04C12.5.1	1281	V: 11076777-11078154

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:T04C12.5	T04C12.5	1131	V: 11076900-11077059

49 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00095706
• WBRNAi00095708
• WBRNAi00095707
• WBRNAi00096793
• WBRNAi00080491
• WBRNAi00109154
• WBRNAi00061250
• WBRNAi00061251
• WBRNAi00061252
• WBRNAi00061253
• WBRNAi00061254
• WBRNAi00061255
• WBRNAi00030234
• WBRNAi00066720
• WBRNAi00066719
• WBRNAi00026181
• WBRNAi00026182
• WBRNAi00026183
• WBRNAi00071738
• WBRNAi00071737
• WBRNAi00094168
• WBRNAi00064966
• WBRNAi00086694
• WBRNAi00071896
• WBRNAi00109543
• WBRNAi00071565
• WBRNAi00071567
• WBRNAi00071566
• WBRNAi00093913
• WBRNAi00086745

25 Allele

• gk963271
• gk963301
• gk964451
• gk964452
• gk852614
• gk470484
• gk920436
• gk675425
• gk682277
• gk620720
• gk438479
• gk377818
• gk575284
• gk752247
• gk326343
• gk964082
• gk963736
• gk964083
• ok1229
• ad468
• or621
• or295
• gk246721
• gk246719
• gk246720

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: V
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 20924180

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000064
• Start: 11076777
• End: 11078154
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrV_11076667..11076776
• Length (nt): 110
• Chromosome Location: V: 11076667-11076776
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

224 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study.	In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide.	WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
	Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc).	DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01.	WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2
Heat shock: 35C for 1 hour.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression immediately after 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite endu-2(tm4977) animals were exposed to 35C for 1 hour.	The DESeq2 (GalaxyVersion 2.11.40.6 + galaxy1) was used to determine differentiallyexpressed features from count tables of differential transcript abundances. log2FC > 1, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065749:Heat-Shock_upregulated_endu-2(tm4977)
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to RNAseq analysis towards total RNA.	Gene expression quantification and differential expression was analyzed using cufflinks v2.2.1. Enriched contains only genes significantly enriched (differentially expressed >= 2.4 fold in total RNA or >= 3.2 fold in DSN treated total RNA) in the NSM neurons versus the reference.	WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_RNAseq
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
starvation 12 hours	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in dissected intestines of N2 L1 larva that were starved for 12 hours, comparing to fed animals.	EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change >= 2.	WBPaper00067259:starvation_upregulated_intestine
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in animals experimentally colonised by a wild microbiota community and infected by the widespread animal pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, comparing to animals not colonized by microbiota and not infected by pathogen.	DeSeq2 (v. 1.42.0), Wald analyses testing against a null hypothesis of < |1.5|-fold change in gene expression between treatments (BenjaminiHochberg adjusted false detection rate of p <= 0.05.	WBPaper00067479:Microbiota-Pathogen_vs_control_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in animals experimentally colonised by a wild microbiota community and infected by the widespread animal pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, comparing to animals colonized by microbiota but not infected by pathogen.	DeSeq2 (v. 1.42.0), Wald analyses testing against a null hypothesis of < |1.5|-fold change in gene expression between treatments (BenjaminiHochberg adjusted false detection rate of p <= 0.05.	WBPaper00067479:Microbiota-Pathogen_vs_Microbiota_downregulated

6 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4555
• Pattern: Expression of major cytoskeletal proteins were detected in the myoepithelial sheath, and, interestingly, some of them were also expressed in other parts of the somatic gonad.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2009222
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030025
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr3813
• Remark: Failure to detect maternal expression in earlier stage embryos presumably was due to germline silencing of the extrachromosomal array, which often occurs with transgenes in C. elegans.
• Pattern: In addition to the cytoplasmic expression observed throughout early embryonic cells, prominent GFP expression was also detected in the epidermis during elongation of the round embryo into a long, thin larva. In adult animals, GFP expression was reproducibly observed in body wall muscle cells, incorporated into contractile filaments, and in numerous neurons.
• Subcellular Localization: GFP expression was first detected in embryos beginning at roughly the 20-cell stage, at the cortex, and throughout the cytoplasm of all embryonic cells. In adults, expressed in contractile filaments in body wall muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1155999
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2027459
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

21 GO Annotation

20 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000064
• Start: 11076777
• End: 11078154
• Strand: -1

21 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 1378

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

7 Strains

• WBStrain00031881
• WBStrain00007351
• WBStrain00007342
• WBStrain00007357
• WBStrain00007350
• WBStrain00005465
• WBStrain00007359

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrV_11078155..11078480
• Length (nt): 326
• Chromosome Location: V: 11078155-11078480
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans