WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00001087 Gene Name  dpy-28
Sequence Name  ? Y39A1B.3 Brief Description  dpy-28 encodes a non-SMC condensin subunit homolog, similar to XCAP-D2 in Xenopus, CND1 in S. pombe, YCS4p in S. cerevisiae, and CNAP1 in humans; DPY-28 is required for negative, chromosome-wide regulation of X-chromosomal genes in XX but not XO animals (dosage compensation) and for regulation of meiotic crossover number and distribution; DPY-28 is also required for an undetermined aspect of body morphogenesis; DPY-28 is part of a multi-protein dosage compensation complex (DCC) with DPY-26, DPY-27 and MIX-1 that localizes to X chromosomes of XX embryos by the 40-cell stage of embryogenesis and to all condensed mitotic chromosomes during mitosis.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Predicted to enable histone binding activity. Involved in meiotic sister chromatid segregation; mitotic sister chromatid segregation; and negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination. Located in X chromosome and nucleus. Part of dosage compensation complex. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in primary autosomal recessive microcephaly. Is an ortholog of human NCAPD2 (non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  III :5.36346 ±0.016178
Length (nt)  ? 13946
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00001087

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:Y39A1B.3.1 Y39A1B.3.1 4665   III: 10763131-10777076
 

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:Y39A1B.3 Y39A1B.3 4500   III: 10763147-10763274

41 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00009310
WBRNAi00026660
WBRNAi00002607
WBRNAi00056126
WBRNAi00007077
WBRNAi00103799
WBRNAi00080292
WBRNAi00036892
WBRNAi00080268
WBRNAi00080272
WBRNAi00064322
WBRNAi00056125
WBRNAi00080281
WBRNAi00080285
WBRNAi00105188
WBRNAi00105187
WBRNAi00105190
WBRNAi00105189
WBRNAi00105192
WBRNAi00105191
WBRNAi00105194
WBRNAi00105193
WBRNAi00105196
WBRNAi00105195
WBRNAi00105198
WBRNAi00105197
WBRNAi00105200
WBRNAi00105199
WBRNAi00105202
WBRNAi00105201

264 Allele

Public Name
gk964518
gk963887
gk963675
gk963676
gk963083
s939
WBVar01268433
WBVar01268442
WBVar01268449
WBVar01268447
WBVar01268458
gk944634
gk944633
gk944635
gk954350
WBVar01409380
WBVar01409379
WBVar01409374
WBVar01409373
WBVar01409376
WBVar01409375
WBVar01507516
WBVar01507517
WBVar01409381
WBVar01507515
WBVar01963098
WBVar01963094
WBVar02057304
WBVar02057303
WBVar02057302

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
III Caenorhabditis elegans 13783801  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001087 10763131 10777076 1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrIII_10777077..10777395   319 III: 10777077-10777395 Caenorhabditis elegans

131 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants. Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)). WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells. DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction. WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis. Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05. WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
  Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc). DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01. WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite. DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05 WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite. DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05 WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_upregulated
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). Authors permuted transcript values and used a genome-wide threshold of log10 P-value = 2, which resembles a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.0118. WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_reproductive
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
  Transcripts detected in body muscle nuclei according to a nuclear FACS-based strategy. Cufflinks WBPaper00065120:body-muscle-transcriptome
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:coelomocytes_L2-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:PVD-OLL-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
  Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals. All three experiments have CPM >= 1. WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
  Genes that were not enriched in either spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) nor oogenic fog-2(q71) gonads, according to RNAseq analysis. To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq. WBPaper00045521:Gender_Neutral
  Transcripts that showed altered expression from P0 to F2 generation animals after N2 parental generation were treated with antimycin, but not in damt-1(gk961032) P0 to F2 animals after the parenal generaton were treated with antimycin. N.A. WBPaper00055862:antimycin_damt-1(gk961032)_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in the neurons of bcat-1(RNAi) animals at 5-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to animals injected with empty vector. DESeq2. FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00060459:bcat-1(RNAi)_downregulated

7 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1030692 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
Picture: Figure 3B.   Expr7960   DPY-28 accumulates throughout the germline. A series of immunostaining experiments revealed the germline distribution of DPY-28. In the premeiotic region, DPY-28 has a speckled nuclear pattern that partly overlaps with DNA in interphase nuclei, but is excluded from condensed mitotic chromosomes. DPY-28 is more concentrated on chromosomes in the transition zone, when homologs began to pair, and appears unevenly distributed. In pachytene nuclei, DPY-28 is in the nucleoplasm and partly coincident with meiotic chromosomes, but is excluded from the nucleolus. No staining was detected above background in s939, y283, or y402 gonads, consistent with Western analysis. The distribution of DPY-28 in male gonads is similar
    Expr2011069 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr9851   After nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), the two condensin complexes occupied distinct domains. Condensin I was found at the interface between homologs marked by reduced DAPI staining ("DAPI-free zone"), whereas condensin II localizes to sister chromatids throughout meiosis. During anaphase, condensin I localized on the acentrosomal meiotic spindle between separating chromosomes. As in mitosis, condensin I colocalized with AIR-2 on chromosomes during prometaphase and metaphase of meiosis, and on the spindle during anaphase. Condensin I localizes to the short arms of bivalents, where cohesion between the exchanged parts of sister chromatids holds homologs together. Condensin localization in the male germline followed the same general pattern. Both condensins I and II began to accumulate in nuclei by late pachytene. Condensin II associated with chromosomes before NEBD, but condensin I chromosomal enrichment was not seen until after NEBD in late diakinesis. Following NEBD, condensin I was between aligned homologs (meiosis I) and between sisters (meiosis II), whereas condensin II remained associated with sister chromatids throughout. Interestingly, condensin I behavior in sperm and oocytes differed at anaphase. In oocytes, condensin I colocalized with microtubules and AIR-2 between separating chromosomes during anaphase. In sperm, AIR-2 and microtubules were not prominent between separating chromosomes, and condensin I was absent from this region. Instead, condensin I and AIR-2 colocalized on the inner edges of separating chromosomes. In early prophase, only condensin II associated with chromosomes. Condensin I loaded onto chromosomes after nuclear pore complexes disassembly in prometaphase. From prometaphase to anaphase, the spatial patterns of condensins I and II were different, with condensin II in a centromere-like pattern and condensin I diffusely coating all chromosomes. During anaphase, condensin I was also seen colocalizing with microtubules at the spindle midzone in addition to the chromosomal signal. The other condensin I CAP subunits, DPY-26 and DPY-28, associated with chromosomes at the same time and with similar patterns to that of CAPG-1. Furthermore, the chromosomal association of CAPG-1 was dependent on the presence of DPY-26 and DPY-28, indicating that the condensin I CAP subunits associate with mitotic chromosomes as a complex.
    Expr1159639 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr1026627 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr2029306 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  

26 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  part_of

5 Homologues

Type
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001087 10763131 10777076 1

26 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  part_of

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
13946

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

5 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00035091
WBStrain00035088
WBStrain00035148
WBStrain00035155
WBStrain00004578

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrIII_10763022..10763130   109 III: 10763022-10763130 Caenorhabditis elegans