WormMine: Gene WBGene00001592

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00001592
• Gene Name: glc-2
• Sequence Name: F25F8.2
• Brief Description: glc-2 encodes the beta subunit of a glutamate-gated chloride channel; in vivo, GLC-2 is capable of forming homomeric glutamate-activated channels, as well as heteromeric channels with GLC-1 that can be activated by glutamate and avermectins, antihelmintics that inhibit pharyngeal pumping; as loss of glc-2 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of GLC-2 in development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, GLC-2 expression is generally restricted to the pm4 pharyngeal muscles of larvae and adults, suggesting a role for GLC-2 in regulation of glutamatergic inhibition of pharyngeal pumping.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables extracellularly glutamate-gated chloride channel activity. Involved in chloride transmembrane transport. Located in plasma membrane. Expressed in pm4. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in hyperekplexia 1 and syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Pilorge type. Is an ortholog of human GLRA1 (glycine receptor alpha 1); GLRA2 (glycine receptor alpha 2); and GLRA3 (glycine receptor alpha 3).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: I :-0.683729 ±0.00921
• Length (nt): 2962

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00001592

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:F25F8.2.1	F25F8.2.1	1512	I: 4885041-4888002

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:F25F8.2	F25F8.2	1305	I: 4885187-4885375

5 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00045519
• WBRNAi00045520
• WBRNAi00003451
• WBRNAi00027617
• WBRNAi00085185

45 Allele

• gk962706
• gk963902
• gk964070
• WBVar01431495
• WBVar01431494
• WBVar01694758
• tm532
• gk548908
• gk839238
• gk434575
• gk861340
• gk641668
• gk317387
• gk510039
• gk618106
• gk920082
• gk399543
• gk535420
• gk352276
• gk901917
• gk312756
• gk501372
• gk383559
• gk374634
• gk641194
• gk615313
• gk887031
• gk340319
• gk684255
• gk843113

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: I
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15072434

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00001592
• Start: 4885041
• End: 4888002
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

113 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
	Neuronally enriched transcripts according to a comparison of neuronal nuclei IP samples to total nuclei using isolation of nuclei from tagged specific cell types (INTACT) technology.	DESEQ2, fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00062103:neuron_enriched
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_developing
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370);hel-1(gk148684) comparing to in hel-1(gk148684)	To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs.	WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_hel-1(gk148684)-background
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
Heat Shock: 35C 4 hours at L4 larva stage.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after L4 larva N2 animals were heat stressed at 35C for 4 hours	DESeq2	WBPaper00057154:HeatShock_downregulated_mRNA
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
Reduced humidity (98% relative humidity).	Genes that were down-regulated after one day exposure to reduced humidity (98% relative humidity) according to microarray analysis.	Multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied on calculated p-values. A change in the expression level was considered to be significant if the adjusted p-value was less than 0.001.	WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray
	Genes that showed oscillating mRNA expression level throughout the 16 hour time courses from L3 larva to young adult.	The following three lines of R code were used to perform the classification: increasing <-2*amplitude-PC1 < -1.7; oscillating <-!increasing & (amplitude > 0.55); flat <-!increasing & !oscillating; Note that the amplitude of a sinusoidal wave corresponds to only half the fold change between trough and peak.	WBPaper00044736:oscillating_dev_expression
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in mut-16(pk710), comparing to in N2 animals.	DESeq2 v. 1.22.2, adjusted p-value <= 0.05.	WBPaper00059605:mut-16(pk710)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-2(ok1479) comparing to in N2 animals.	DESeq2 (version 1.28.1), FDR < 0.01, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in npr-15(tm12539) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066608:npr-15(tm12539)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in srbc-48(ac23);kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts) comparing to in kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts), 24h after infection with P.aeruginosa.	DESeq2, FDR <0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00059664:srbc-48(ac23)_upregulated
	Transcriptions that showed significantly increased expression in skn-1(RNAi) comparing to empty vector injection into rrf-3(pk1426);daf-2(e1368) animals.	Genes with an absolute fold changeof at least 2 and standard p-values below 0.05 were considered as differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062193:skn-1(RNAi)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in eat-2(ad1116) comparing to in N2 at 3-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite animals.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:eat-2(ad1116)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_downregulated

7 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030954
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr1471
• Remark: Protein_description: Avermectin Receptor beta Subunit. Also called Glu-Cl-beta. It is located on C35E8. glc-2 is called GluClbeta in this article (pers. comm. from author Adrian Wolstenholme)
• Pattern: Adults from all six transformed lines showed consistent staining of nuclei within the pharynx, and no staining was observed in other organs. From their position and the shape of the corresponding cells, six of these stained nuclei were identified as those of the m4 pharyngeal muscle cells in the metacorpus. In adults, no nuclei outside the metacorpus consistently stained for X-gal, although very faint staining of nuclei in the terminal bulb was sometimes seen. All the larval stages showed staining of pharyngeal nuclei, as seen in the adults, and stained nuclei were also observed in many eggs undergoing morphogenesis. In addition to the metacorpus staining, larvae (L1L3) also exhibited staining of nuclei towards the terminal bulb of the pharynx. Exact identification of these nuclei in the terminal bulb proved difficult owing to the diffuse nature of the staining observed at the earlier stages of development. This staining was most pronounced in eggs undergoing the later stages of morphogenesis and generally decreased throughout development until it was completely absent or barely visible in adults.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1200289
• Pattern: Data from the TransgeneOme project

• Primary Identifier: Expr2012080
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1017586
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr1149437
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2030316
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

27 GO Annotation

18 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00001592
• Start: 4885041
• End: 4888002
• Strand: -1

27 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2962

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

4 Strains

• WBStrain00028915
• WBStrain00035006
• WBStrain00035700
• WBStrain00036012

0 Upstream Intergenic Region