WormMine: Gene WBGene00002248

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00002248
• Gene Name: lam-3
• Sequence Name: T22A3.8
• Brief Description: lam-3 encodes one of two C. elegans a laminin A subunits and is orthologous to human laminin alpha2; LAM-3 is a basement membrane component required for normal tissue development, including pharyngeal development; lam-3 is expressed in the pharynx and hypodermis, and also weakly in the intestine.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to be involved in animal organ morphogenesis; axonogenesis; and tissue development. Located in basement membrane. Expressed in several structures, including excretory canal; pharyngeal-intestinal valve; pharynx; somatic nervous system; and spermatheca. Used to study muscular dystrophy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy; congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy 1A; and myopia. Is an ortholog of human LAMA1 (laminin subunit alpha 1) and LAMA2 (laminin subunit alpha 2).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: I :5.05872 ±0.000103
• Length (nt): 12970

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00002248

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:T22A3.8.1	T22A3.8.1	9458	I: 10608466-10621435

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:T22A3.8	T22A3.8	9309	I: 10608493-10608625

24 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00114271
• WBRNAi00114036
• WBRNAi00114115
• WBRNAi00114194
• WBRNAi00093780
• WBRNAi00067632
• WBRNAi00062568
• WBRNAi00042411
• WBRNAi00053776
• WBRNAi00024811
• WBRNAi00024812
• WBRNAi00003150
• WBRNAi00004258
• WBRNAi00062569
• WBRNAi00029780
• WBRNAi00093783
• WBRNAi00110195
• WBRNAi00001850
• WBRNAi00113998
• WBRNAi00114077
• WBRNAi00114156
• WBRNAi00070724
• WBRNAi00110307
• WBRNAi00070725

149 Allele

• gk962858
• gk962706
• gk963902
• gk963849
• h6127
• h10541
• h18051
• WBVar00240416
• tm10825
• WBVar01432803
• ok2030
• WBVar01392017
• gk721977
• gk745235
• gk887605
• gk599577
• gk855732
• gk489507
• gk656072
• WBVar01911861
• gk635456
• gk479213
• WBVar02001739
• gk612178
• gk737562
• WBVar00236894
• pg140
• gk769746
• pg169
• gk334498

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: I
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15072434

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00002248
• Start: 10608466
• End: 10621435
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrI_10621436..10623172
• Length (nt): 1737
• Chromosome Location: I: 10621436-10623172
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

258 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Genes that were upregulated in lin-15B(n744).	For each gene in each microarray hybridization experiment, the ratio of RNA levels from the two samples was transformed into a log2 value and the mean log2 ratio was calculated. The log2 ratios were normalized by print-tip Loess normalization (Dudoit and Yang, 2002). All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003) and a mean fold-change ratio of >= 1.5 were selected for further analysis.	WBPaper00038168:lin-15B(n744)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc).	DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01.	WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_upregulated
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in wrn-1(gk99) comparing to in N2, according to RNAseq.	DESeq was used to calculate the fold changes, log fold changes, and significance of the changes for each comparison.	WBPaper00045934:wrn-1(gk99)_upregulated
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO.	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_6h
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in skn-1gf(lax188) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 stage fed with OP50 and exposed to PA14 for 4 hours.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00067255:skn-1(lax188)_downregulated_PA
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hrde-1(tm1200) animals, comparing to in N2, after growing at 25C for five generations (late generation).	CuffDiff2	WBPaper00051265:F4_hrde-1(tm1200)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in animals experimentally colonised by a wild microbiota community and infected by the widespread animal pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, comparing to animals colonized by microbiota but not infected by pathogen.	DeSeq2 (v. 1.42.0), Wald analyses testing against a null hypothesis of < |1.5|-fold change in gene expression between treatments (BenjaminiHochberg adjusted false detection rate of p <= 0.05.	WBPaper00067479:Microbiota-Pathogen_vs_Microbiota_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in adr-1(tm668) and adr-1(gv6) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	DESeq FDR <= 0.05	WBPaper00056617:adr-1_upregulated_L4_transcript
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370);hel-1(gk148684) comparing to in hel-1(gk148684)	To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs.	WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_hel-1(gk148684)-background
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated

8 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031322
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr2621
• Remark: Colocalization Assay: In order to compare directly the distribution of lam-3 and epi-1, both subunits were co-stained using species-specific secondary antibody conjugates. As the germ layers develop, both subunits are deposited between the layers. However, the staining for laminin A is most intense around the pharyngeal and intestinal precursor cells, whereas staining for laminin B is most intense around the myoblast cells and along epidermal cells. By the onset of elongation, distinct layers of laminin A and laminin B staining can be distinguished, particularly anteriorly between the developing pharynx and the body wall. This indicates that the segregation of the laminin isoforms begins early, before or as organogenesis proceeds. In mnDf90, the two subunits remain differentially localized after elongation. lam-3 is localized to the pharyngeal basement membrane, whereas epi-1 is associated mainly with the body wall basement membranes and only weakly with the pharyngeal basement membrane. These results indicate that each laminin alpha subunit is segregated in the embryo to different adjacent basement membranes and that each membrane retains its unique subunit composition.
• Pattern: The antisera indicate that early expression occurs during gastrulation. lam-3 is also associated with the nervous system. During elongation and throughout the rest of development, lam-3 is localized at the nerve ring, at the right fascicle of the ventral nerve cord and at the sublateral nerves. lam-3 is first detected between tissue layers near the end of gastrulation and then becomes localized along the muscle cells as the embryo begins to elongate. By the 3-fold stage of elongation, staining along the muscle quadrants is weaker and becomes restricted to a band at the center of each quadrant, which colocalizes with the dorsal and ventral sublateral nerve tracts in the adult. Staining is intense around the pharynx, pharyngeal-intestinal valve, and intestine during morphogenesis. In larvae and adults, the antiserum stains the spermatheca strongly and only weakly stains the pharynx, the intestine and the excretory canal.
• Subcellular Localization: In nid-1(ur41) animals, lam-3 is localized with the mispositioned axons rather than along the normal nerve pathways. This suggests that lam-3 is localized to neuronal cell surfaces by specific lam-3 receptors.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2624
• Pattern: Promoter-GFP transgenes indicated that lam-3 is expressed during gastrulation and through embryogenesis in pharyngeal, intestinal and epidermal cells. In the larvae, lam-3 gene expression is maintained in the spermatheca and in the pharyngeal m3-m8 and mc cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2013009
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr10827
• Pattern: LAM-3/Laminin alpha-A immunostaining was evident between the germ layers, including on most surfaces of the endoderm. In particular, LAM-3 localized around the surfaces of the endoderm row 8 cells, just before and as the somatic gonad precursors (SGPs) extended projections between the anterior surfaces of these endoderm cells and the posterior surfaces of the primordial germ cells (PGCs). A functional LAM-1-GFP fusion protein showed a pattern of localization similar to LAM-3, including around the gonadal primordium at later stages. Therefore, laminin basement membrane is present on endodermal surfaces where the SGPs migrate and extend projections around the PGCs.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1157327
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2031241
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1028119
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

7 GO Annotation

8 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00002248
• Start: 10608466
• End: 10621435
• Strand: 1

7 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 12970

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

3 Strains

• WBStrain00027269
• WBStrain00037801
• WBStrain00050776

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrI_10606622..10608465
• Length (nt): 1844
• Chromosome Location: I: 10606622-10608465
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans