WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00003012 Gene Name  lin-26
Sequence Name  ? F18A1.2 Brief Description  lin-26 encodes a zinc-finger protein that shares a unique C2H2 motif together with LIR-1, LIR-2, and LIR-3; during development, lin-26 activity is required for proper differentiation of non-neuronal ectodermal cells and the somatic gonad epithelium; LIN-26 is expressed in many different cell types including the rectal rep, somatic gonad, glial, and hypodermal cells; ectopic LIN-26 expression during embryogenesis induces epithelial-like cell fates suggesting that LIN-26 is sufficient for epithelial differentiation.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; tissue development; and vulval development. Located in nucleus. Expressed in several structures, including Z2; epithelial cell; germ line; gonad; and somatic gonad precursor.
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  II :0.516432±
Length (nt)  ? 2567
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00003012

Genomics

4 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:F18A1.2d.1 F18A1.2d.1 1473   II: 7682198-7684182
Transcript:F18A1.2c.1 F18A1.2c.1 1419   II: 7682198-7684182
Transcript:F18A1.2b.1 F18A1.2b.1 1879   II: 7682403-7684764
Transcript:F18A1.2a.1 F18A1.2a.1 1895   II: 7682475-7684760
 

Other

4 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:F18A1.2d F18A1.2d 1473   II: 7682198-7682353
CDS:F18A1.2b F18A1.2b 1077   II: 7682475-7682543
CDS:F18A1.2a F18A1.2a 1317   II: 7682475-7682543
CDS:F18A1.2c F18A1.2c 1419   II: 7682198-7682299

25 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00114285
WBRNAi00114050
WBRNAi00114129
WBRNAi00063911
WBRNAi00044906
WBRNAi00044907
WBRNAi00063912
WBRNAi00091051
WBRNAi00114246
WBRNAi00114089
WBRNAi00030282
WBRNAi00107495
WBRNAi00008656
WBRNAi00114010
WBRNAi00107564
WBRNAi00107439
WBRNAi00114208
WBRNAi00025130
WBRNAi00107136
WBRNAi00107267
WBRNAi00115773
WBRNAi00024306
WBRNAi00114168
WBRNAi00107085
WBRNAi00107470

43 Allele

Public Name
gk963801
gk963053
gk962682
WBVar01604187
WBVar01375734
gk840918
gk687518
gk507841
gk599672
gk645671
gk374086
gk631582
gk693542
gk455788
gk479813
gk422606
gk435685
gk871365
gk790626
gk875566
gk319897
gk911120
gk314344
gk926310
gk147400
gk147399
gk147402
gk147401
gk147398
gk147404

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
II Caenorhabditis elegans 15279421  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003012 7682198 7684764 1

3 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrII_7684765..7684888   124 II: 7684765-7684888 Caenorhabditis elegans

149 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle. DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed. WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc). DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01. WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
  Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_aging
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2. DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Top 300 transcripts enriched in excretory duct, excretory pore according to single cell RNAseq. Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm. WBPaper00061340:Excretory_duct_and_pore
  Significantly differentially expressed genes as determined by microarray analysis of wild-type and cde-1 mutant germlines. RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p < 0.05 were considered differentially regulated between wildtype and cde-1. WBPaper00035269:cde-1_regulated
Heat Shock: 35C 4 hours at L4 larva stage. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after L4 larva N2 animals were heat stressed at 35C for 4 hours DESeq2 WBPaper00057154:HeatShock_downregulated_mRNA
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult. DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01 WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C. CuffDiff, fold change > 2. WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
  Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals. All three experiments have CPM >= 1. WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhl-2(ok818) comparing to in N2 at 25C. EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change < 0.5. WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed decreased expression in hlh-11(ko1) knockout strain comparing to in wild type background. DESeq2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00060683:hlh-11(ko1)_downregulated
  Genes found to be regulated by low-copy overexpression of sir-2.1 with p < 0.014. N.A. WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated
  Germline-intrinsic transcripts. Comparisons were made between genotypes by subtracting the mean log value of one ratio from another, and the significance of the difference was evaluated using Student t-test for two populations. For the fem-3(gf) versus fem-1(lf) direct comparison, authors performed the same analysis, except they used a Students t-test for one population. Author chose a combination of a twofold difference with a t value exceeding 99% confidence (P < 0.01), because these criteria allowed the inclusion of essentially all genes that had previously been identified as germline-enriched in a wt/glp-4 hermaphrodite comparison. Additionally, requiring a twofold difference reduced false positives, as the number of genes with two-fold difference and a P<0.01 only included ~100 genes more than with P < 0.001, and almost all genes showed germline expression by in situ hybridization. [cgc6390]:intrinsic
  TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood. SAM WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_downregulated
  Genes expressed in N2. Expressed transcripts were identified on the basis of a Present call in 3 out of 4 N2 experiments as determined by Affymetrix MAS 5.0. WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes
  Embryonic class (E): genes that significantly increase in abundance at some point during embryogenesis. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_E

17 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1031406 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
New Anatomy_term: P12.pa. Picture: N.A. Reporter gene fusion type not specified.   Marker34 Expresses gfp in all rectal cells and P12.pa.  
reference is Labouesse et al. Development 122, 2579-2588 (1996). wild type strains. Legacy Data: Author "Labouesse M" "den Boer BGW". Date 1996-08. Sequence: Z32673.   Expr87 All hypodermal cells in embryos, larvae and adults. Also neuron associated support cells (socket and sheath) and somatic gonad. In young L1 in the somatic gonad (Z1+Z4), in L2 expression is seen weakly in all somatic gonad cells except dtc and in adults and L4 expression is present in the uterine cells.  
    Expr7320 Click the movie links below for interactive 4D movies of a fluorescence reporter. http://glowormnotes.blogspot.com/2009/11/lin-26yfp-transcriptional-fusion.html  
    Expr12969 lin-26 showed pan-germline expression. Reporter expression was observed in the distal region of the germline, in mitotic progenitor cells, as well as in the syncytial region, in the germline bend, in oocytes, and in embryos. No expression was observed in sperm, consistent with the findings of Seydoux and co-workers that suggests sperm expression is governed via transcriptional regulation at the promoter, rather than post-transcriptionally through 3'UTR level.  
Reporter gene fusion type not specified.   Expr1325 The GFP::TLN-1 reporter showed prominent expression in all differentiating vulval and uterine cells. In addition to the basal and lateral plasma membrane- associated signal, GFP::TLN-1 expression was also observed in the cytoplasm of the vulval cells of wild-type L3 larvae. lin-26 transcripts were first weakly detected by in situ hybridization in the germline precursors (P3, P4 and Z2/Z3) until the 50-cell stage and occasionally in their sisters. After the 100-cell stage, lin-26 transcripts and the beta-galactosidase encoded by the lin-26::lacZ construct were detected in hypodermal precursors, then in differentiating hypodermal and support cells. The only difference between in situ hybridization and antibody staining is that lin-26 transcripts could not be detected in body hypodermal cells after the 350-cell stage nor in any cell after the comma stage, whereas LIN-26 protein can be detected until the end of embryogenesis in all hypodermal cells and in all support cells.  
    Expr10347 Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/  
    Expr10348 Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/  
Expression pattern at adult stage was not described.   Expr1410 Expression in Z1 and Z4, the somatic gonad precursors, starts a few hours after these are born. Up to the formation of the somatic gonad primordium in late L2, LIN-26 protein was detected in all cells of the somatic gonad, except in the distal tip cells or dtcs (Z1.aa and Z4.pp). Staining was strongest in Z1 and Z4 and became weaker after each cell division. However, after Z1.a and Z4.p divided, LIN-26 was initially not detected in any of their daughters, but resynthesis occurred in Z1.ap and Z4.pa. During the L3 stage, expression was only detected in the anchor cell (AC) until the Pn.pxx cells were generated. After the last division round in L4 larvae, all uterine nuclei and two spermathecal-uterine junction nuclei expressed LIN-26 at very low levels. nuclei
Antibodies to N-terminal 331 amino acids of LIN-26.   Expr587 In early embryonic stages (28-350 cells), cells react with LIN_26 antibodies are ectoblasts. LIN-26 protein continuously present throughout embryonic, larval and adult life in all hypodermal cells, and in all of the glial-like socket and sheath cells associated with ciliated sensory organs. LIN-26 protein was also present in blast cells G1, Q and W. Expression in all three of these cells cease as they divided. Strong expression in Z1 and Z4 in young L1 larvae, weak expression in all cells in L2 larvae except the distal tip cells, and in the uterine cells of L4 larvae and adults. In all cases, antibodies against LIN-26 protein stained the nucleus.
    Expr3951 The constructs eC and eC1 containing CISc could drive GFP expression in somatic gonad precursors Z1 and Z4. Expression started at the two-fold stage, with a maximal intensity at the pretzel stage and in young L1 larvae, and subsequently vanished. This expression pattern is very similar to that observed with the LIN-26 antiserum. Occasionally, the GFP was maintained for one or two rounds of divisions in the Z1 - Z4 daughter cells (except in distal tip cells). Later, very weak expression could be seen in the uterus of L4 animals.  
    Expr2013170 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr10345 Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/  
    Expr10346 Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/  
    Expr1148877 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr2031402 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1013230 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  

15 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
has_input(WB:WBGene00003024) enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00001006)|has_input(WB:WBGene00000493)|has_input(WB:WBGene00000100) involved_in

0 Homologues

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003012 7682198 7684764 1

15 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
has_input(WB:WBGene00003024) enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00001006)|has_input(WB:WBGene00000493)|has_input(WB:WBGene00000100) involved_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
2567

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

15 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00026565
WBStrain00026570
WBStrain00026571
WBStrain00026708
WBStrain00027235
WBStrain00027231
WBStrain00027127
WBStrain00029107
WBStrain00029103
WBStrain00029102
WBStrain00029101
WBStrain00033858
WBStrain00035961
WBStrain00051987
WBStrain00007436

0 Upstream Intergenic Region