WormMine: Gene WBGene00003124

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00003124
• Gene Name: mai-1
• Sequence Name: K10B3.9
• Brief Description: mai-1 is homologous to mitochondrial intrinsic ATPase inhibitor protein(IF(1)), which blocks reverse action (ATP hydrolysis) by F(0)F(1)-ATPasewhen its (normally required) proton gradient is lost; MAI-1 lacks anobvious mitochondrial import signal at its N-terminus, and is nottransported to yeast mitochondria; MAI-1 may be cytosolic in vivo,regulating cytosolic ATPase(s); MAI-1 can inhibit yeast F(0)F(1)-ATPase,but this inhibition is pH-independent; MAI-1's tertiary structure isdominated by beta-strands and random loops; mai-1 exists as the upstream gene in an operon with gpd-2 and gpd-3.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables ATPase inhibitor activity. Located in cytoplasm. Expressed in coelomocyte; cuticle; hypodermis; rectum; and vulva. Is an ortholog of human ATP5IF1 (ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: X :-12.1503±
• Length (nt): 1922

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00003124

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:K10B3.9.2	K10B3.9.2	1040	X: 3114668-3116589
Transcript:K10B3.9.1	K10B3.9.1	585	X: 3114692-3115578

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:K10B3.9	K10B3.9	267	X: 3114997-3115053

2 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00050482
• WBRNAi00016953

27 Allele

• gk963725
• WBVar01601323
• gk518490
• tm7104
• tm8053
• gk950898
• gk275084
• gk275083
• gk650688
• gk317132
• gk856071
• gk918007
• gk381093
• gk697834
• gk487182
• gk890788
• gk361707
• gk399455
• tm7101
• gk697835
• gk750932
• gk824024
• gk846292
• gk317131
• gk616906
• WBVar01907849
• tm6904

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: X
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17718942

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003124
• Start: 3114668
• End: 3116589
• Strand: -1

3 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

172 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood.	SAM	WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_upregulated
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in vit-2(ac3); zcIs4, comparing to parenting strain SJ4005 [zcIs4].	Differential gene expression analysis was then performed on normalized samples. Genes exhibiting at least twofold change and a false-discovery rate (FDR) of 1% or less were considered differentially expressed.	WBPaper00051305:vit-2(ac3)_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2).	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
	Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Significantly upregulated genes from clk-1(qm30) microarrays using SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1 from adult-only chips.	SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1.	WBPaper00033065:clk-1(qm30)_upregulated
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
25C vs. 20C	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_upregulated
	Transcripts detected in body muscle nuclei according to a nuclear FACS-based strategy.	Cufflinks	WBPaper00065120:body-muscle-transcriptome
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in xrep-4(lax137).	DESeq2. Genes were selected if their p value < 0.01.	WBPaper00066062:xrep-4(lax137)_upregulated
	Genes with increased RNA expression after 24 hours rotenone treatment	EdgeR provides statistical routines for determining differential expression in digital gene expression data using a model based on the negative binomial distribution. The resulting p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochbergs approach for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). Transcripts with an adjusted p-value smaller 0.05 were assigned as differentially expressed.	WBPaper00044426:rotenone_24h_upregulated
Gamma irradiation 100 mGY per hour for 72 hours since L1 larva.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after exposure to 100mGy per hour gamma irradiation from L1 to day 1 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, FDR <= 0.05, log2 fold change >= 0.3 or <= -0.3.	WBPaper00058958:100mGy-irradiation-72h_upregulated

6 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031474
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr13498
• Pattern: GFP::MAI-1 (xmSi32) and MAI-1::mCherry (xmSi31) showed the same tissue localization. GFP::MAI-1 is expressed in specific somatic tissues in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm through specific tissues, including the cuticle, hypodermis, rectum, vulva and neurons. Although the expression pattern did not suggest a mitochondria network and MAI-1 does not carry a mitochondrial transport sequence, we tested whether MAI-1 was expressed in the mitochondria by incubating GFP:: MAI-1 with Mitotracker Red CMXRos and found no co-localization between the mitochondrial probe and GFP::MAI-1. These results demonstrate that MAI-1 is indeed not expressed in mitochondria but in the cytoplasm, as previously suggested Ichikawa et al. Additionally, we observed that GFP::MAI-1 is expressed in the nuclei.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2013356
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154192
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1011039
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2031588
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

7 GO Annotation

0 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003124
• Start: 3114668
• End: 3116589
• Strand: -1

7 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 1922

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

0 Strains

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrX_3116590..3117438
• Length (nt): 849
• Chromosome Location: X: 3116590-3117438
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans