WormMine: Gene WBGene00003209

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00003209
• Gene Name: mel-26
• Sequence Name: ZK858.4
• Brief Description: mel-26 encodes a MATH and BTB/POZ domain-containing protein that functions as a novel substrate-specific adaptor of the CUL-3-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase; MEL-26 is required maternally for formation of mitotic spindles in the early embryo, and as a component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, for degradation of the microtubule-severing protein MEI-1 at the meiosis to mitosis transition; MEL-26 is also required maternally for embryonic morphogenesis; since MEL-26 contains a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain, it might be involved in apoptosis.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables several functions, including cullin family protein binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and protein kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cytoskeleton organization; positive regulation of TORC1 signaling; and regulation of mitotic spindle elongation. Located in several cellular components, including cleavage furrow; condensed chromosome; and sarcomere. Expressed in germ line and muscle cell.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: I :3.61757 ±0.007042
• Length (nt): 3216

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00003209

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:ZK858.4b.1	ZK858.4b.1	1716	I: 9132538-9135753
Transcript:ZK858.4a.1	ZK858.4a.1	1704	I: 9132538-9135753

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:ZK858.4b	ZK858.4b	1200	I: 9132543-9132917
CDS:ZK858.4a	ZK858.4a	1188	I: 9132543-9132917

18 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00027114
• WBRNAi00027115
• WBRNAi00064138
• WBRNAi00113426
• WBRNAi00063708
• WBRNAi00000144
• WBRNAi00081324
• WBRNAi00059784
• WBRNAi00114772
• WBRNAi00091352
• WBRNAi00091383
• WBRNAi00091355
• WBRNAi00063712
• WBRNAi00065870
• WBRNAi00065871
• WBRNAi00091394
• WBRNAi00027837
• WBRNAi00069147

40 Allele

• gk962858
• gk962706
• gk963902
• gk963849
• gk964316
• sb4
• sb45
• tm10781
• gk118152
• gk118153
• gk118154
• gk118155
• gk118156
• gk816721
• gk373630
• gk538437
• tm1664
• gk455655
• gk842801
• gk887058
• gk696554
• gk332010
• gk814559
• or543
• gk482302
• gk319846
• gk414432
• gk353101
• gk764734
• gk477746

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: I
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15072434

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003209
• Start: 9132538
• End: 9135753
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrI_9135754..9135763
• Length (nt): 10
• Chromosome Location: I: 9135754-9135763
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

151 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	Genes that were upregulated in lin-15B(n744).	For each gene in each microarray hybridization experiment, the ratio of RNA levels from the two samples was transformed into a log2 value and the mean log2 ratio was calculated. The log2 ratios were normalized by print-tip Loess normalization (Dudoit and Yang, 2002). All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003) and a mean fold-change ratio of >= 1.5 were selected for further analysis.	WBPaper00038168:lin-15B(n744)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc).	DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01.	WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	mRNAs that showed differential expression in activated AAK-2(uthIs202[aak-2 (intron 1)::aak-2(aa1-aa321)::Tomato::unc-54 3'UTR + rol-6(su1006)]), activiated CRTC-1 (uthEx222[crtc-1p::crtc-1 cDNA (S76S, S179A)::tdTomato::unc-54 3'UTR + rol-6(su1006)]), or AAK-2;CRTC-1 comparing to in N2.	Genes were tested for differential expression between each mutant strain and wild-type using edgeRs glm method. Briefly, negative binomial models were fitted and dispersion estimates obtained. These were then used to calculate average levels of change between conditions and determine differential expression, using the generalized linear model likelihood ratio test. For each comparison, genes with less than 5 CPM were filtered and those with at least 50% change and False Discovery Rate (FDR) of 1% or less were considered differentially expressed.	WBPaper00046499:AMPK_regulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2).	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
	Significantly differentially expressed genes as determined by microarray analysis of wild-type and cde-1 mutant germlines.	RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p < 0.05 were considered differentially regulated between wildtype and cde-1.	WBPaper00035269:cde-1_regulated
25C vs. 20C	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
	Transcripts detected in body muscle nuclei according to a nuclear FACS-based strategy.	Cufflinks	WBPaper00065120:body-muscle-transcriptome
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in xrep-4(lax137).	DESeq2. Genes were selected if their p value < 0.01.	WBPaper00066062:xrep-4(lax137)_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:coelomocytes_L2-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:dopaminergic-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:excretory-cell_L2-larva_expressed

9 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1163213
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031515
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr1019026
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr10196
• Subcellular Localization: MEL-26 localizes in a striated pattern to both M-lines and I-bands (and probably dense bodies).

• Primary Identifier: Expr7812
• Remark: Picture: Figure 5. The transition zone from mitosis to meiosis starts where 60% of the nuclei show the crescent-shaped morphology that is a hallmark of early meiotic prophase. Therefore, MEL-26 and FIGL-1 exhibit a seemingly complementary localization within the germ line of wild-type animals, a relationship expected for a substrate and its specific adaptor for degradation. The border of their respective localizations seems to correlate with the transition zone, which separates the mitotic from the meiotic cells (or nuclei).
• Subcellular Localization: Low levels of MEL-26 were detected in the mitotic zone, but MEL-26 was prominently expressed and present on chromosomes during meiotic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8642
• Remark: Picture: Fig 1, Fig 2G.
• Subcellular Localization: MEL-26 was detected in a punctate cytoplasmic pattern in the newly fertilized embryo. Levels are low during meiosis I and II. MEL-26 levels immediately increase when the pronuclei form after meiosis, and high levels of MEL-26 were present throughout the early mitotic divisions. Among embryos in meiosis I or meiosis II, a minority of embryos (5/17 and 3/17, respectively), had levels of MEL-26 noticeably higher than others, and none had levels comparable to post-meiotic embryos. In contrast, after completion of meiosis, 28/30 embryos had high levels of MEL-26 staining. In multicellular embryos, MEL-26 is enriched at the membranes between cells. MEL-26 expression remained strong at the 16-cell stage, but decreased to low levels by the 64-cell stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2013517
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr3764
• Remark: Gene_regulation: Strikingly, MEL-26 greatly accumulated at cell-cell contact sites and spread to the cortex in embryos depleted for either CUL-3 or its activator, RFL-1. An accumulation of MEL-26 was also observed by Western blotting of an embryonic extract made from rfl-1(or198) worms shifted to the restrictive temperature. These results confirm that degradation of MEL-26 requires an intact CUL-3 ligase complex and suggest that binding to CUL-3 is not required for its cortical localization.
• Subcellular Localization: MEL-26 localized to the cytoplasm and accumulated at the site of cell separation during cytokinesis. No staining of cell-cell contact sites was detectable in mel-26(RNAi) embryos, demonstrating that the antibodies are specific for MEL-26. Moreover, a similar expression pattern was observed in embryos expressing a MEL-26::GFP fusion protein. The staining of the centrosomes was nonspecific and varied from one purified antiserum to the other. MEL-26 was not just localized to the membrane region that separates two cells but was also observed on ingressing cleavage furrows in wild-type embryos and accumulated at ectopic ruffles and at sites of upcoming cytokinesis when the CUL-3 complex was impaired.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2031751
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

65 GO Annotation

42 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003209
• Start: 9132538
• End: 9135753
• Strand: 1

65 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 3216

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

6 Strains

• WBStrain00007344
• WBStrain00008453
• WBStrain00008461
• WBStrain00008446
• WBStrain00007337
• WBStrain00007292

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrI_9127102..9132537
• Length (nt): 5436
• Chromosome Location: I: 9127102-9132537
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans