WormMine: Gene WBGene00004241

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00004241
• Gene Name: puf-5
• Sequence Name: F54C9.8
• Brief Description: puf-5 encodes a Pumilio protein; PUF-5 is required, redundantly with PUF-6/7, for translational repression of glp-1 mRNA in oocytes (via specific elements in the 3' UTR site), and for normal oocyte maturation (growth, organization, nuclear enlargement, yolk uptake, and localization of RME-2 to the plasma membrane) and early embryogenesis (cell divisions and eggshell formation); since glp-1 mutations do not suppress puf-5 embryonic lethality, PUF-5 is likely to have other targets than glp-1; puf-5 is expressed in the medial germline, from the gonad bend (with late pachytene germ cell nuclei) to the distal proximal gonad, but abruptly ending at the proximal terminus of the gonad; PUF-5 is mostly cytoplasmic, but is also found around the nucleus and in P granules; a PUF-5 binding element (5BE) is found in the 3' UTRs of several mRNAs (cpi-2, fog-1, obr-3, srm-6, srz-10, and C17H11.1); 5BE is similar to the RNA binding profile of PUF-6, but not to those of FBF or PUF-8/9 proteins.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of embryonic development. Located in P granule. Expressed in germ line and oocyte.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: II :0.819566 ±0.000907
• Length (nt): 2247

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00004241

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:F54C9.8.1	F54C9.8.1	2069	II: 8575541-8577787

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:F54C9.8	F54C9.8	1662	II: 8575577-8575682

16 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00077435
• WBRNAi00092446
• WBRNAi00077428
• WBRNAi00048276
• WBRNAi00008095
• WBRNAi00015593
• WBRNAi00092483
• WBRNAi00092487
• WBRNAi00032769
• WBRNAi00077429
• WBRNAi00077430
• WBRNAi00077426
• WBRNAi00077434
• WBRNAi00077436
• WBRNAi00086640
• WBRNAi00117761

36 Allele

• gk963801
• gk963053
• gk962682
• gk963446
• WBVar01695892
• WBVar01695891
• WBVar00245051
• tm4692
• gk149136
• gk149135
• gk149138
• gk149137
• gk149132
• gk149134
• gk149133
• gk916291
• gk361430
• gk626521
• tn1726
• gk149140
• gk714642
• gk149139
• gk356782
• gk770873
• gk779982
• WBVar01891734
• gk813413
• gk389730
• gk309513
• gk930861

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: II
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15279421

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004241
• Start: 8575541
• End: 8577787
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_8577788..8578048
• Length (nt): 261
• Chromosome Location: II: 8577788-8578048
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

277 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	Genes that were upregulated in lin-15B(n744).	For each gene in each microarray hybridization experiment, the ratio of RNA levels from the two samples was transformed into a log2 value and the mean log2 ratio was calculated. The log2 ratios were normalized by print-tip Loess normalization (Dudoit and Yang, 2002). All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003) and a mean fold-change ratio of >= 1.5 were selected for further analysis.	WBPaper00038168:lin-15B(n744)_upregulated
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in wrn-1(gk99) comparing to in N2, according to RNAseq.	DESeq was used to calculate the fold changes, log fold changes, and significance of the changes for each comparison.	WBPaper00045934:wrn-1(gk99)_upregulated
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
Bacteria diet: Escherichia coli HB101. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria E. coli HB101 for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:HB101_downregulated
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hsp-6(mg585) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	EdgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.001.	WBPaper00056290:hsp-6(mg585)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in skn-1gf(lax188) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 stage fed with OP50 and exposed to PA14 for 4 hours.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00067255:skn-1(lax188)_downregulated_PA
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in enriched nuclei of daf-2(e1370) comparing to in wild type nuclei.	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00067267:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_nuclei

11 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4544
• Remark: PUF-5 expression during late embryonic and larval development has not been investigated.
• Pattern: PUF-5 expression was first detected near the gonad bend, where germ cell nuclei were in late stages of pachytene, and increased as germ nuclei exited pachytene and moved into the proximal arm, with highest expression in developing oocytes in the distal portion of the proximal gonad. Remarkably, PUF-5 staining abruptly disappeared in the proximal-most one to three oocytes and was very low in early stage embryos (n > 50).
• Subcellular Localization: PUF-5 staining in oocytes was mostly cytoplasmic, but some PUF-5 was detected in perinuclear and cytoplasmic P granules as judged by co-localization with PGL-1.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1032092
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr8342
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 2B.
• Subcellular Localization: In wild-type oocytes with active oogenesis, PUF-5 staining was diffuse and present in small particles in the cytoplasm of developing oocytes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16339
• Pattern: Nine promoters (klp-19p, his-68p, W05F2.3p, spn-4p, pos-1p, Y75B12B.1p, puf-5p, mei-2p, and mesp-1p) produced GFP expression that was specific to the germline.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4117
• Remark: Curated by authors based on online in-situ hybridization database (Y. Kohara, personal communication; http://nematode.lab.nig.ac.jp).
• Pattern: Expressed in medial germline.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9716
• Reporter Gene: We employed a transgene-based assay that tests the post-transcriptional control activity of 3' UTRs in vivo. In this assay, the GFP::H2B reporter fusion is placed upstream of the selected 3' UTR such that the entire fusion-GFP::H2B-3' UTR-is produced as a single transcript. Expression in the germline is achieved by using pie-1 promoter, which has been shown earlier to drive transgene expression in the germline.
• Pattern: The transgene containing puf-5 3' UTR expressed the GFP::H2B reporter strongly in oocytes, but not in mitotic or early pachytene regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1152078
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr13389
• Pattern: GFP::3xFLAG:: PUF-5 is expressed in the cytoplasm of oocytes, in the distal gonad, and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of embryos.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2015188
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2033422
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1017060
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

17 GO Annotation

8 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004241
• Start: 8575541
• End: 8577787
• Strand: 1

17 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2247

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

2 Strains

• WBStrain00035714
• WBStrain00005742

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_8575067..8575540
• Length (nt): 474
• Chromosome Location: II: 8575067-8575540
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans