WormMine: Gene WBGene00010734

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00010734
• Gene Name: parn-1
• Sequence Name: K10C8.1
• Brief Description: parn-1 encodes a deadenylase orthologous to members of the PARN (Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease) family of nucleases; by homology, PARN-1 is predicted to catalyze mRNA poly(A) tail degradation in the 3'- to 5'-direction.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity. Involved in RNA surveillance; mRNA catabolic process; and piRNA processing. Located in P granule. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autosomal recessive dyskeratosis congenita 6 and spermatogenic failure 57. Is an ortholog of human PNLDC1 (PARN like ribonuclease domain containing exonuclease 1).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: V :4.61316±
• Length (nt): 2770

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00010734

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:K10C8.1.1	K10C8.1.1	1757	V: 12692486-12695255

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:K10C8.1	K10C8.1	1701	V: 12692541-12692592

5 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00034246
• WBRNAi00050503
• WBRNAi00078333
• WBRNAi00016963
• WBRNAi00061852

47 Allele

• gk963271
• gk963301
• gk964458
• gk964459
• gk963618
• gk963694
• gk963693
• tm869
• h10957
• gk937561
• gk743055
• gk605196
• gk450163
• gk839675
• gk690985
• gk554832
• gk734460
• gk717090
• gk708424
• gk730409
• gk772134
• gk667279
• gk916627
• gk250120
• gk250128
• gk250127
• gk250125
• gk250126
• gk250123
• gk250124

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: V
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 20924180

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00010734
• Start: 12692486
• End: 12695255
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

89 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in AGP22 [nhr-49(nr2041)I;glp-1(e2141)III] comparing to in CF1903 [glp-1(e2144)III] at Day 2 adults.	Fold change > 2, p Value of < 0.05 and a false discovery rate (FDR) of < 0.05.	WBPaper00061530:nhr-49(e2144)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hrde-1(tm1200) animals, comparing to in N2, after growing at 25C for five generations (late generation).	CuffDiff2	WBPaper00051265:F4_hrde-1(tm1200)_upregulated
	Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
Heat Shock: 35C 4 hours at L4 larva stage.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after L4 larva N2 animals were heat stressed at 35C for 4 hours	DESeq2	WBPaper00057154:HeatShock_downregulated_mRNA
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in rbr-2(tm3141) comparing to in N2 animals.	Mapped reads were analyzed for transcript assembly and differential expression using Cufflinks 2.1.1 with a filter of twofold difference and FDR correction (P < 0.05).	WBPaper00050080:rbr-2(tm3141)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-1(RNAi) embryos comparing to control animals.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00067044:hda-1(RNAi)_upregulated
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhl-2(ok818) comparing to in N2 at 25C.	EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change < 0.5.	WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after exposure of to 10 mg per liter of SiNPs for 24 h.	Fold change and Welcht-test performed between probes per gene and were applied to selectdifferentially expressed genes (DEGs): the fold change threshold was 2-fold and the significance level was p < 0.05.	WBPaper00057098:SiO2-nanoparticles_downregulated
	Genes found to be regulated by low-copy overexpression of sir-2.1 with p < 0.014.	N.A.	WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated
	Germline-intrinsic transcripts.	Comparisons were made between genotypes by subtracting the mean log value of one ratio from another, and the significance of the difference was evaluated using Student t-test for two populations. For the fem-3(gf) versus fem-1(lf) direct comparison, authors performed the same analysis, except they used a Students t-test for one population. Author chose a combination of a twofold difference with a t value exceeding 99% confidence (P < 0.01), because these criteria allowed the inclusion of essentially all genes that had previously been identified as germline-enriched in a wt/glp-4 hermaphrodite comparison. Additionally, requiring a twofold difference reduced false positives, as the number of genes with two-fold difference and a P<0.01 only included ~100 genes more than with P < 0.001, and almost all genes showed germline expression by in situ hybridization.	[cgc6390]:intrinsic
	TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood.	SAM	WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_downregulated
	Genes expressed in N2.	Expressed transcripts were identified on the basis of a Present call in 3 out of 4 N2 experiments as determined by Affymetrix MAS 5.0.	WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in alg-1(gk214), comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, Fold change > 1.5.	WBPaper00051404:alg-1(gk214)_downregulated
	Genes that are up-regulated in wild-type N2 larvae compared to elt-2(ca15) larvae.	RNA-seq count data were filtered for detected genes (> 10 counts across all samples) and analyzed using DESeq. 2 with Cook's cutoff filtering set to FALSE. Genes were counted as differentially expressed if they registered a Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p-value less than 0.05 and a log2-fold change greater than 1.2 between any pair-wise conditional comparison.	WBPaper00053606:N2_vs_elt-2(ca15)_upregulated
Temprature shift to 28C for 48 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 48 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_48h_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly depleted expression in sensory neuron (labeled by iaIs25[Pgcy-37::GFP + unc-119(+)]) comparing to in whole worm.	Fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00060661:sensory-neuron_depleted
	Genes downregulated in dcr-1(-/-) adult animals by at least 1.5 fold and P < 0.01, as determined by a multisample t-test and the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate correction.	Statistical t-test: P < 0.05 for rde-4(-/-) and rde-1(-/-) analyses; P < 0.01 for dcr-1(-/-) analysis with a threshold of 1.5-fold misregulation.	WBPaper00029437:dcr-1_downregulated
	Transcripts enriched in germline by comparing dissected germline tissue with dissected intestine tissue, both injected with empty RNAi vector.	Genes were determined germline-enriched if the lowest expression value (log2(FPKM+1)) observed in the germline empty vector samples was at least 2-fold higher than the highest expression value observed in the intestine empty vector samples.	WBPaper00051039:germline_enriched
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sek-1(km4) animals comparing to in N2 animals under both dietary (DR, OP50 OD = 0.1) and ad libtum (AL, OP50 OD = 3) conditions from 3-day post L4 till 6-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	Bioconductor package edgeR, p < 0.05.	WBPaper00056443:sek-1(km4)_downregulated

7 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154214
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2032968
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1020712
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2014734
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1034700
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr12762
• Pattern: parn-1 mRNA was expressed at low levels at the L1 to L3 larval stages but began to accumulate at the L4 stage and reached its highest expression level at the gravid adult stage. parn-1 mRNA was not detected in RNA samples isolated from germline-deficient glp-4 (bn2) animals, suggesting that expression of parn-1 is restricted to the germline.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12763
• Subcellular Localization: PARN-1 Is Expressed in the Germline and Localizes in P Granules. A rescuing PARN-1::GFP substantially co-localized with PRG-1 and with the P granule component, PGL-1.

23 GO Annotation

3 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00010734
• Start: 12692486
• End: 12695255
• Strand: -1

23 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2770

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

1 Strains

• WBStrain00032315

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrV_12695256..12696267
• Length (nt): 1012
• Chromosome Location: V: 12695256-12696267
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans