WormMine

WS294

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00004042 Gene Name  plk-1
Sequence Name  ? C14B9.4 Brief Description  plk-1 encodes a serine/threonine polo-like kinase homologous to Drosophila polo and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC5; during development, plk-1 functions to regulate meiotic cell cycle progression as well as embryonic cytoplasmic polarity in newly fertilized embryos and possibly germline development; specifically, plk-1 is required for meiotic nuclear envelope breakdown, polar body formation and extrusion, and proper chromosome segregation during meiosis possibly via phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of REC-8, a meiotic-specific cohesin; in regulating embryonic polarity, PLK-1 functions to regulate activity of the MEX-5/6 zinc-finger proteins, with which it interacts, via its polo box domain, in yeast two-hybrid assays; PLK-1 is localized diffusely in the cytoplasm of mature oocytes, but during meiosis I becomes associated with pre-metaphase chromatin and then at anaphase with chromatin and the area between dividing chromatin; in embryos, PLK-1 localizes to the cytoplasm of somatic blastomeres and during mitosis, to centrosomes, metaphase chromatin and, at telophase, to the area between dividing chromatin; the asymmetric localization of PLK-1 to somatic cytoplasm of early embryos is dependent upon the PAR proteins and MEX-5/6.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including meiotic nuclear division; microtubule cytoskeleton organization; and positive regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis. Located in several cellular components, including condensed chromosome; microtubule cytoskeleton; and nucleus. Expressed in AB and embryonic cell. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including breast carcinoma; reproductive organ cancer (multiple); and urinary bladder cancer. Is an ortholog of human PLK1 (polo like kinase 1).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  III :-0.377121 ±0.000162
Length (nt)  ? 2722
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00004042

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:C14B9.4.1 C14B9.4.1 2289   III: 8101348-8104069
 

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:C14B9.4 C14B9.4 1947   III: 8101348-8101593

32 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00008391
WBRNAi00008959
WBRNAi00027759
WBRNAi00099844
WBRNAi00108302
WBRNAi00007871
WBRNAi00007930
WBRNAi00085603
WBRNAi00080611
WBRNAi00100727
WBRNAi00099238
WBRNAi00099642
WBRNAi00099440
WBRNAi00040510
WBRNAi00002467
WBRNAi00076125
WBRNAi00002464
WBRNAi00108280
WBRNAi00040509
WBRNAi00024553
WBRNAi00025888
WBRNAi00077275
WBRNAi00077289
WBRNAi00111887
WBRNAi00099979
WBRNAi00100353
WBRNAi00100166
WBRNAi00100540
WBRNAi00100914
WBRNAi00106670

38 Allele

Public Name
gk964518
gk963887
h13738
lt18
gk179536
gk179535
gk179532
gk179534
gk179533
gk729490
lt106
gk446366
gk681565
WBVar00064974
it17
gk379295
WBVar01408942
gk691830
gk778613
WBVar00067553
gk312386
gk799796
gk510204
gk676271
gk337630
gk320360
gk884453
WBVar01628906
gk824830
WBVar01628907

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
III Caenorhabditis elegans 13783801  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00004042 8101348 8104069 1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrIII_8104070..8106651   2582 III: 8104070-8106651 Caenorhabditis elegans

205 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study. In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide. WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
  Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants. Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)). WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
  Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle. DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed. WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis. Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05. WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
Osmotic stress Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
Osmotic stress Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite. DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05 WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin-Allantoin_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite. DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05 WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite. DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05 WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50. Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50. DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq. Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq. Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq. Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hsp-6(mg585) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage. EdgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.001. WBPaper00056290:hsp-6(mg585)_downregulated
  Significantly differentially expressed genes as determined by microarray analysis of wild-type and cde-1 mutant germlines. RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p < 0.05 were considered differentially regulated between wildtype and cde-1. WBPaper00035269:cde-1_regulated
Transgeneration hypoxia treatment. Transcripts that are significantly upregulated in F1 animals after P0 parents were exposed to 0.1% oxygen for 16 hours at L4 larva stage. For calling the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs),the false discovery rate (FDR) after multiple testing correction was set as 0.05 and analyzed in edgeR. WBPaper00064871:hypoxia_upregulated_F1
Heat Shock: 35C 4 hours at L4 larva stage. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after L4 larva N2 animals were heat stressed at 35C for 4 hours DESeq2 WBPaper00057154:HeatShock_downregulated_mRNA

17 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1031942 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
Picture: Figure 2A to F.   Expr7873   With this antibody, authors observed, in addition to the previously reported localization patterns, strong cytoplasmic staining in newly fertilized embryos following the completion of meiosis. This cytoplasmic staining was asymmetric along the AP axis, with the highest levels at the anteriormost portion of the embryo. After the first mitotic division, anti PLK-1 cytoplasmic staining was higher in the somatic cell AB than in the germline blastomere P. This asymmetric pattern, that is, asymmetric cytoplasmic localization before division and enrichment in the somatic cell after division, reiterated at the three subsequent germline blastomere divisions. The level of cytoplasmic staining was dynamic throughout the cell cycle, decreasing during mitosis when a high level of staining was observed on centrosomes and chromosomes.
    Expr7876   Only a small proportion of GFP fluorescence was associated with centrosomes and chromosomes. In only a small percentage of embryos (~5%, n>200), the cytoplasmic GFP is slightly higher in the somatic cell compared with the germline blastomere.
Picture: Fig. 2G to L. [plk-1::gfp-PBD (amino acids 340 to 648)] translational fusion. Expr7875   Expression pattern recapitulated the anti-PLK-1 staining pattern, including centrosomal, chromosomal and asymmetric cytoplasmic stainings. See Expr7873.
Picture: Fig. 1 D.   Expr8237   PLK-1 is enriched in the anterior cytoplasm of the one-cell embryo. PLK-1 distribution is uniform at meiosis (n = 8) and then becomes asymmetric by pronuclear migration (n = 6). From metaphase of P0 to the end of the two-cell stage, all embryos continue to show anterior enrichment of PLK-1 (n = 56). As previously shown, authors also observed PLK-1 localization to centrosomes and metaphase chromosomes.
Authors found an analogous distribution using antibodies directed against GFP in transgenic animals expressing GFP-PLK-1, although the asymmetry is somewhat less pronounced in this case. Picture: Figure 1. The signals detected by these antibodies in wild-type embryos are absent from embryos depleted of PLK-1 by RNAi, demonstrating specificity.   Expr8180   PLK-1 is distributed in a uniform manner in the cytoplasm just after meiotic exit. PLK-1 distribution becomes asymmetric shortly thereafter, with more protein present on the anterior side of the embryo. This asymmetry persists throughout the one-cell stage and until the end of the two-cell stage. Line scans quantifying pixel intensities confirm these observation. These antibodies also label centrosomes, the midbody and kinetochores.
    Expr9850   Immunolocalization of PLK-1 revealed association with centrosomes and kinetochores in mitotic cells of the proliferating region of the germline.
    Expr9848   PLK-1 colocalizes with PLK-2 to the nuclear periphery in some NE-associated patches but is undetectable in others.
    Expr13565   In the interphase of two-cell stage embryos, PLK-1::sGFP was exclusively cytoplasmic and enriched in the AB blastomere, as reported previously using PLK-1 antibodies (Budirahardja and Gonczy, 2008; Rivers et al., 2008). Concomitantly with chromosomes condensation, PLK-1::sGFP started to accumulate on chromosomes but could also be detected at the NE. The PLK-1::sGFP signal at the NE became detectable 2.5-3 min prior to NEBD. PLK-1::sGFP was similarly detected at the NE in oocytes with condensed chromosomes.
This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).   Expr711 First detected at centrosomes after pronuclear meeting in post-meiotic 1-cell embryos. PLK-1 remains associated with centrosomes as the embryo enters prophase of mitosis and this localization persists through late anaphase. PLK-1 also detected in chromosome-specific localization of PLK-1 diminishes during anaphase and is not observed during telophase. PLK-1 detected at the region of spindle overlap during telophase (coincident with alpha-tubulin staining). At the time this appears as two discrete points suggesting it was part of a ring-like structure. PLK-1 is detected in newly fertilized embryos. PLK-1 staining in mature, unfertilized oocytes is diffuse and cytoplasmic. In new fertilized embryos, PLK-1 staining is coincident with six maternal bivalent pre-metaphase chromosome before their segregation. As fertilized embryos progressed through anaphase of meiosis, PLK-1 was again coincident with the dividing chromatin but has also redistributed and was found in the areas between the dividing chromatin. located at centrosomes after pronuclear meeting in post-meiotic 1-cell embryos. PLK-1 remains associated with centrosomes as the embryo enters prophase of mitosis and this localization persists through late anaphase. PLK-1 staining in mature, unfertilized oocytes is diffuse and cytoplasmic.
    Expr13566   Using PLK-1 antibodies, we confirmed the localization of endogenous PLK-1 to the Nuclear Envelope in wild-type oocytes and in early embryos.
    Expr1144571 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr1010511 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr2014958 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr13696   PLK-1::sGFP is intensely concentrated on centrosomes and on metaphase chromosomes in the zygote. In addition, we see relatively weak PLK-1::sGFP signal on chromosomes and the nuclear envelope beginning during pronuclear centration.
    Expr2033193 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr14833   In wild-type gonads, PLK-1 signal was detected in premeiotic germ cell nuclei, exhibiting chromosome adjacent and/or nucleoplasmic localization, and it became largely undetectable (except for an occasional patch at the nuclear periphery) as nuclei transitioned into meiotic prophase.

44 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in

6 Homologues

Type
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00004042 8101348 8104069 1

44 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
2722

1 Sequence Ontology Term